Patent US4381194A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4381194A
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Alkali lignin based pesticide phytotoxicity reducing composition
Assignee: WESTVACO Corp A CORP OF DE
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Filing: 1981-02-09
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Granted: 1983-04-26
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Expires: 2001-02-09
Abstract
Abstract A method for protecting crops from injury caused by the application of herbicides and fungicides has been discovered, the method comprising applying to the crops in combination with the pesticide a phytotoxicity reducing amount of a water-insoluble, non-sulfonated alkali lignin. A water-insoluble, non-sulfonated alkali lignin based spray tank mix additive is provided which, when mixed with the pesticide prior to application, reduces the phytotoxic effect of the pesticide.
Inventors
- 👤 Humbert T. Dellicolli
- 👤 Thomas F. McPartland
- 👤 Walter A. Bauer
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 03:41
CPC Classifications
A; A01; A01N; A01N25/00; A01N25/32
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 32
Claim 1
Independent Claim
109 words
In a method of protecting crops from injury caused by application to the crops of one or more pesticides selected from the group consisting of herbicides and fungicides, in combination with a lignin, the improvement of forming the combination by (a) forming a pseudoplastic aqueous suspension concentrate of a water-insoluble alkali lignin containing minor amounts of at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of humectants, wetting agents, dispersing agents and anti-freeze agents wherein the lignin has a mean particle size of from 0.5 to 5 microns in diameter, and (b) combining a phytotoxicity reducing amount of the lignin suspension concentrate with the pesticide prior to the application.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
109 words
In a method of protecting crops from injury caused by application to the crops of one or more pesticides selected from the group consisting of herbicides and fungicides, in combination with a lignin, the improvement of forming the combination by (a) forming a pseudoplastic aqueous suspension concentrate of a water-insoluble alkali lignin containing minor amounts of at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of humectants, wetting agents, dispersing agents and anti-freeze agents wherein the lignin has a mean particle size of from 0.5 to 5 microns in diameter, and (b) combining a phytotoxicity reducing amount of the lignin suspension concentrate with the pesticide prior to the application.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the pesticide to lignin ratio is 1-10:10-1.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the herbicide is selected from the group consisting of metribuzin, metribuzin and alachlor, atrazine, alachlor, atrazine and alachlor, metolochlor, butylate, and cyanazine.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the fungicide is selected from the group consisting of benomyl, aqueous copper, thiabendazol, triphenyl tin hydroxide, triphenyl tin hydroxide and sulfur, carboxin, PCNB, captafol, chlorothalonil, an dicloran.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the humectant is selected from the group consisting of glycerol, saccharinic acids and ethoxylated glycerides.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the wetting agent is selected from the group consisting of di 2-ethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate, sodium 2-ethyl sulfate and mixtures thereof.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the dispersing agent is a water-soluble lignin sulfonate or alkyl naphthalene sulfonate.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the antifreeze agent is selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, methanol and ethylene glycol.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the water-insoluble alkali lignin is ground to an average particle size of from 0.5 to 5 microns in diameter.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 wherein the water-insoluble alkali lignin is kraft lignin.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
132 words
In a method of protecting crops from injury caused by application to the crops of a pesticide wherein the pesticide is a herbicide or fungicide, in combination with a lignin, the improvement of forming the combination by (a) combining a phytotoxicity reducing amount of a water-insoluble alkali lignin with the herbicide or fungicide in an aqueous slurry, (b) drying the slurry to from about 2% to about 5% moisture, (c) adding to the essentially dried slurry at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of humectants, antifreeze agents, wetting agents and dispersing agents in an amount totaling from about 1% to about 10% by volume of the total formulation, and (d) grinding the slurry to a wettable powder with an average particle size of from 3 to 9 microns in diameter.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
132 words
In a method of protecting crops from injury caused by application to the crops of a pesticide wherein the pesticide is a herbicide or fungicide, in combination with a lignin, the improvement of forming the combination by (a) combining a phytotoxicity reducing amount of a water-insoluble alkali lignin with the herbicide or fungicide in an aqueous slurry, (b) drying the slurry to from about 2% to about 5% moisture, (c) adding to the essentially dried slurry at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of humectants, antifreeze agents, wetting agents and dispersing agents in an amount totaling from about 1% to about 10% by volume of the total formulation, and (d) grinding the slurry to a wettable powder with an average particle size of from 3 to 9 microns in diameter.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 11 wherein the herbicide is selected from the group consisting of metribuzin, metribuzin and alachlor, atrazine, alachlor, atrazine and alachlor, metolochlor, butylate, and cyanazine.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method of claim 11 wherein the fungicide is selected from the group consisting of benomyl, aqueous copper, thiabendazol, triphenyl tin hydroxide, triphenyl tin hydroxide and sulfur, carboxin, PCNB, captafol, chlorothalonil, and dicloran.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 11 wherein the surfactants are a water-soluble lignin sulfonate and a mixture of di 2-ethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate and sodium 2-ethyl sulfate.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 11 wherein the wettable powder is comprised of about 50% herbicide or fungicide, about 47% water-insoluble alkali lignin and about 3% surfactant.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 11 wherein the wettable powder is comprised of about 75% herbicide or fungicide, 22% water-insoluble alkali lignin and about 3% surfactants.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 wherein the water-insoluble alkali lignin is kraft lignin.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
91 words
In a flowable pesticide formulation comprising one or more herbicides or fungicides, a water-insoluble alkali lignin, and at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of humectants, anti-freeze agents, wetting agents and dispersing agents in an amount totaling from about 1% to about 10% by volume of the total formulation the improvement of grinding a phytotoxicity reducing amount of the lignin granules together with the herbicide or fungicide powders in the presence of at least one of the surfactants to an average particle size of from 3 to 9 microns.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
91 words
In a flowable pesticide formulation comprising one or more herbicides or fungicides, a water-insoluble alkali lignin, and at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of humectants, anti-freeze agents, wetting agents and dispersing agents in an amount totaling from about 1% to about 10% by volume of the total formulation the improvement of grinding a phytotoxicity reducing amount of the lignin granules together with the herbicide or fungicide powders in the presence of at least one of the surfactants to an average particle size of from 3 to 9 microns.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
29 words
The pesticide formulation of claim 18 wherein the herbicide is selected from the group consisting of metribuzin, metribuzin and alachlor, atrazine, alachlor, atrazine and alachlor, metolochlor, butylate, and cyanazine.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
34 words
The pesticide formulation of claim 18 wherein the fungicide is selected from the group consisting of benomyl, aqueous copper, thiabendazol, triphenyl tin hydroxide, triphenyl tin hydroxide and sulfur, carboxin, PCNB, captafol, chlorothalonil, and dicloran.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
22 words
The pesticide formulation of claim 18 wherein the humectant is selected from the group consisting of glycerol, saccharinic acids and ethoxylated glycerides.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
27 words
The pesticide formulation of claim 18 wherein the wetting agent is selected from the group consisting of di 2-ethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate, sodium 2-ethyl sulfate and mixtures thereof.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
25 words
The pesticide formulation of claim 18 wherein the dispersing agent is selected from the group consisting of a water-soluble lignin sulfonate or alkyl naphthalene sulfonate.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
23 words
The pesticide formulation of claim 18 wherein the antifreeze agent is selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, methanol and ethylene glycol.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
21 words
The pesticide formulation of claim 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 or 24 wherein the water-insoluble alkali lignin is kraft lignin.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
41 words
The pesticide formulation of claim 18 wherein the herbicide is PCNB, the water-insoluble alkali lignin is kraft lignin, the surfactants are a mixture of wetting agents and dispersing agent di 2-ethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate, sodium 2-ethyl sulfate and a water-soluble lignin sulfonate.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
15 words
The pesticide formulation of claim 18 wherein pesticide to lignin to surfactant ratio is 50:47:3.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
15 words
The pesticide formulation of claim 18 wherein pesticide to lignin to surfactant ratio is 75:22:3.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
12 words
The pesticide formulation of claim 18 wherein the pesticide-to-lignin ratio is 1-10:10-1.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1986-04-25 | 1986-10-25 | 1987-04-26 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1990-04-25 | 1990-10-25 | 1991-04-26 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1994-04-25 | 1994-10-25 | 1995-04-26 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |