Removing sulfur oxides from a gas

Claim 2

A process for removing sulfur oxides from a gas which comprises: (a) absorbing the sulfur oxides from the gas with absorbents which comprise an exhaustively-exchanged rare-earth-form zeolite having greater than 90 percent of the occupied sites exchanged by rare earth metal cations and a free form of an inorganic oxide selected from the group consisting of the oxides of aluminum, magnesium, zinc, titanium, and calcium; and then (b) removing the absorbed sulfur oxides from the absorbents as a sulfur-containing gas which comprises hydrogen sulfide by contacting the absorbents with a hydrocarbon in the presence of a cracking catalyst.

Claim 3

The process of claim 1 wherein the cracking catalyst comprises the exhaustively-exchanged rare-earth-form zeolite and the inorganic oxide.

Claim 4

The process of claim 2 wherein the inorganic oxide comprises alumina.

Claim 5

The process of claim 3 wherein the catalyst matrix comprises a silica-alumina which comprises greater than about 80 weight percent alumina.

Claim 6

The process of claim 4, wherein the exhaustively-exchanged rare-earth-form zeolite comprises a Y-type zeolite.

Claim 7

The process of claim 2 wherein greater than 95 percent of the occupied cation sites are occupied by rare earth metal cations.

Claim 8

The process of claim 6 wherein greater than 99 percent of the occupied cation sites are occupied by rare earth metal cations.

Claim 9

The process of claim 2 wherein the exhaustively-exchanged rare-earth-form zeolite is prepared by a process which comprises: (a) equilibrium ion-exchanging the zeolite with rare earth metal cations; (b) calcining the once-exchanged zeolite at a temperature of about 400° to 1800° F.; and then (c) equilibrium ion-exchanging the zeolite with rare earth metal cations for a second time.

Claim 10

The process of claim 8 wherein the exhaustively-exchanged rare-earth-form zeolite is prepared by a process which further comprises: (d) calcining the twice-exchanged zeolite at a temperature of about 400° to 1800° F.; and then (e) equilibrium ion-exchanging the zeolite with rare earth metal cations for a third time.

Claim 11

A process for the fluidized catalytic cracking of sulfur-containing hydrocarbons with reduced emissions of sulfur oxides, the process comprising: (a) contacting the hydrocarbons with cracking catalyst under cracking conditions in a reaction zone to produce lower boiling hydrocarbons and to deposit sulfur-containing carbonaceous material on the catalyst; (b) removing the catalyst from the reacton zone and sending it to a regeneration zone; (c) contacting the catalyst with an oxygencontaining gas under regeneration conditions to remove at least a portion of the carbonaceous material and to produce a gas comprising sulfur oxides; (d) recycling the regenerated catalyst to the reaction zone; (e) reducing the sulfur oxide emissions from the regeneration zone by cycling, with the cracking catalyst, sulfur oxide absorbents, the absorbents comprising an exhaustively-exchanged rare-earth-form zeolite having greater than 90 percent of the occupied sites exchanged by rare earth metal cations and a free form of an inorganic oxide selected from the group consisting of the oxides of aluminum, magnesium, zinc, titanium, and calcium; and (f) removing the absorbed sulfur oxides from the absorbents as a sulfur-containing gas which comprises hydrogen sulfide by contacting the absorbents in the reaction zone with the hydrocarbon in the presence of the cracking catalyst.

Claim 12

A process for the fluidized catalytic cracking of sulfur-containing hydrocarbons with reduced emissions of sulfur oxides, the process comprising: (a) contacting the hydrocarbons with cracking catalyst under cracking conditions in a reaction zone to produce lower boiling hydrocarbons and to deposit sulfur-containing carbonaceous material on the catalyst; (b) removing the catalyst from the reacton zone and sending it to a regeneration zone; (c) contacting the catalyst with an oxygencontaining gas under regeneration conditions to remove at least a portion of the carbonaceous material and to produce a gas comprising sulfur oxides; (d) recycling the regenerated catalyst to the reaction zone; (e) reducing the sulfur oxide emissions from the regeneration zone by cycling, with the cracking catalyst, sulfur oxide absorbents, the absorbents comprising an exhaustively-exchanged rare-earth-form zeolite having greater than 90 percent of the occupied sites exchanged by rare earth metal cations and a free form of an inorganic oxide selected from the group consisting of the oxides of aluminum, magnesium, zinc, titanium, and calcium; and (f) removing the absorbed sulfur oxides from the absorbents as a sulfur-containing gas which comprises hydrogen sulfide by contacting the absorbents in the reaction zone with the hydrocarbon in the presence of the cracking catalyst.

Claim 13

The process of claim 10 wherein the cracking catalyst comprises the exhaustively-exchanged rare-earth-form zeolite and the inorganic oxide.

Claim 14

The process of claim 11 wherein the inorganic oxide comprises alumina.

Claim 15

The process of claim 12 wherein the catalyst matrix comprises a silica-alumina which comprises greater than about 80 weight percent alumina.

Claim 16

The process of claim 13 wherein the exhaustively-exchanged rare-earth-form zeolite comprises a Y-type zeolite.

Claim 17

The process of claim 11 wherein greater than 95 percent of the occupied cation sites are occupied by rare earth metal cations.

Claim 18

The process of claim 11 wherein greater than 99 percent of the occupied cation sites are occupied by rare earth metal cations.

Claim 19

The process of claim 11 wherein the exhaustively-exchanged rare-earth-form zeolite is prepared by a process which comprises: (a) equilibrium ion-exchanging the zeolite with rare earth metal cations; (b) calcining the once-exhausted zeolite at a temperature of about 400° to 1800° F.; and then (c) equilibrium ion-exchanging the zeolite with rare earth metal cations for a second time.

Claim 20

The process of claim 17 wherein the exhaustively-exchanged rare-earth-form zeolite is prepared by a process which further comprises: (d) calcining the twice-exchanged zeolite at a temperature of about 400° to 1800° F.; and then (e) equilibrium ion-exchanging the zeolite with rare earth metal cations for a third time.