US4371659A — Preparation of aqueous polymer dispersions having…

Claim 1

Independent Claim 227 words

In a process for the preparation of aqueous polymer dispersions containing up to 75% by weight of polymer by emulsion copolymerization in the presence of conventional anionic emulsifiers, polymerization initiators and small amounts of polymerization inhibitors at conventional polymerization temperatures, the improvement comprising: copolymerizing a monomer combination selected from the group consisting of vinyl acetate/styrene, methyl methacrylate/vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride/butadiene, vinyl chloride/styrene, methyl methacrylate/vinyl propionate, vinylidene chloride/butadiene, vinylidene chloride/vinyl acetate and vinylidene chloride/methyl methacrylate mixed with from 60 to 95% by weight, based on the total monomers, of at least one monomer B which is copolymerizable with said monomer combination, in the presence of a polymerization initiator, by the emulsion feed process, under conditions such that (a) the initial aqueous phase at the initiation of monomer emulsion feeding contains from 0.01 to 0.5% by weight, based on the initial charge, of anionic emulsifier and from 1 to 7% by weight, based on the initial charge, of water soluble salts, (b) the monomer emulsion contains from 50 to 500 ppm, based on the total monomers, of polymerization inhibitor, (c) from 1 to 10% by weight of the monomer emulsion is added, within the first 1/2 hour from initiation of emulsion feeding, at an increasing rate of the initial charge, and thereafter (d) the remaining monomer emulsion is added at a rate sufficient to control the rate of reaction.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 227 words

In a process for the preparation of aqueous polymer dispersions containing up to 75% by weight of polymer by emulsion copolymerization in the presence of conventional anionic emulsifiers, polymerization initiators and small amounts of polymerization inhibitors at conventional polymerization temperatures, the improvement comprising: copolymerizing a monomer combination selected from the group consisting of vinyl acetate/styrene, methyl methacrylate/vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride/butadiene, vinyl chloride/styrene, methyl methacrylate/vinyl propionate, vinylidene chloride/butadiene, vinylidene chloride/vinyl acetate and vinylidene chloride/methyl methacrylate mixed with from 60 to 95% by weight, based on the total monomers, of at least one monomer B which is copolymerizable with said monomer combination, in the presence of a polymerization initiator, by the emulsion feed process, under conditions such that (a) the initial aqueous phase at the initiation of monomer emulsion feeding contains from 0.01 to 0.5% by weight, based on the initial charge, of anionic emulsifier and from 1 to 7% by weight, based on the initial charge, of water soluble salts, (b) the monomer emulsion contains from 50 to 500 ppm, based on the total monomers, of polymerization inhibitor, (c) from 1 to 10% by weight of the monomer emulsion is added, within the first 1/2 hour from initiation of emulsion feeding, at an increasing rate of the initial charge, and thereafter (d) the remaining monomer emulsion is added at a rate sufficient to control the rate of reaction.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 29 words

The process of claim 1, wherein said monomer B is a member selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid esters of alkanols of 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 50 words

The process of claim 1, wherein said combination of monomers further comprises at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of α,β-monoolefinically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, α,β-monoolefinically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, amides of these acids, and esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid with alkanediols of 2 to 8 carbon atoms.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 145 words

A process for producing an aqueous polymer dispersion, which comprises: emulsion copolymerizing 40-5% by wt. of a monomer combination selected from the group consisting of vinyl acetate/styrene, methyl methacrylate/vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride/butadiene, vinyl chloride/styrene, methyl methacrylate/vinyl propionate, vinylidene chloride/butadiene, vinylidene chloride/vinyl acetate and vinylidene chloride/methyl methacrylate with from 60-90% by wt. based on the total monomers, of at least one monomer B which is copolymerizable with said monomer combination by the emulsion feed process, wherein said polymerization occurs between combination and monomer B in an emulsion containing from 50 to 500 ppm of inhibitor, and wherein from 1-10% by wt. of an initial charge of monomer emulsion is initially introduced into the reaction vessel at an increasing rate over the first one-half hour of addition with the remainder of the monomer mixture being added to said vessel at a rate sufficient to control the reaction.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 145 words

A process for producing an aqueous polymer dispersion, which comprises: emulsion copolymerizing 40-5% by wt. of a monomer combination selected from the group consisting of vinyl acetate/styrene, methyl methacrylate/vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride/butadiene, vinyl chloride/styrene, methyl methacrylate/vinyl propionate, vinylidene chloride/butadiene, vinylidene chloride/vinyl acetate and vinylidene chloride/methyl methacrylate with from 60-90% by wt. based on the total monomers, of at least one monomer B which is copolymerizable with said monomer combination by the emulsion feed process, wherein said polymerization occurs between combination and monomer B in an emulsion containing from 50 to 500 ppm of inhibitor, and wherein from 1-10% by wt. of an initial charge of monomer emulsion is initially introduced into the reaction vessel at an increasing rate over the first one-half hour of addition with the remainder of the monomer mixture being added to said vessel at a rate sufficient to control the reaction.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 30 words

The process of claim 4, wherein said monomer emulsion contains from 0.01 to 0.5% by wt. of anionic emulsifier and from 1 to 7% by wt. of water soluable salts.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 33 words

The process of claim 4, wherein said monomer emulsion contains from 0.5 to 5% by wt. of total monomers of at least one additional monomer, which, if polymerized alone, produces water soluble homopolymers.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 229 words

In a process for the preparation of aqueous polymer dispersions containing up to 75% by wt. of polymer by emulsion compolymerization in the presence of conventional anionic emulsifiers, polymerization initiators and small amounts of polymerization inhibitors, at conventional polymerization temperatures, the improvement comprising: copolymerizing a monomer combination selected from the group consisting of vinyl acetate/styrene, methyl methacrylate/vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride/butadiene, vinyl chloride/styrene, methyl methacrylate/vinyl propionate, vinylidene chloride/butadiene, vinylidene chloride/vinyl acetate and vinylidene chloride/methyl methacrylate mixed with from 60 to 95% by wt., based on the total monomers, of at least one monomer B which is copolymerizable with said monomer combination in the presence of a polymerization inhibitor, by the emulsion feed process, under the conditions such that (A) the initial aqueous phase at the start of the monomer emulsion feed contains from 0.01 to 0.5% by wt., based on the initial charge, of anionic emulsifier and from 1 to 7% by wt., based on the initial charge, of water soluble salts, (B) the monomer emulsion containing from 50 to 500 ppm based on the total monomers, of polymerization inhibitor, (C) from 1-10% by by wt. of monomer emulsion is added, within the first one-half hour from the initiation of the monomer feed, at an increasing rate, to the initial charge and thereafter (B) the remaining monomer emulsion being added at a rate sufficient to control the rate of reaction.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 229 words

In a process for the preparation of aqueous polymer dispersions containing up to 75% by wt. of polymer by emulsion compolymerization in the presence of conventional anionic emulsifiers, polymerization initiators and small amounts of polymerization inhibitors, at conventional polymerization temperatures, the improvement comprising: copolymerizing a monomer combination selected from the group consisting of vinyl acetate/styrene, methyl methacrylate/vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride/butadiene, vinyl chloride/styrene, methyl methacrylate/vinyl propionate, vinylidene chloride/butadiene, vinylidene chloride/vinyl acetate and vinylidene chloride/methyl methacrylate mixed with from 60 to 95% by wt., based on the total monomers, of at least one monomer B which is copolymerizable with said monomer combination in the presence of a polymerization inhibitor, by the emulsion feed process, under the conditions such that (A) the initial aqueous phase at the start of the monomer emulsion feed contains from 0.01 to 0.5% by wt., based on the initial charge, of anionic emulsifier and from 1 to 7% by wt., based on the initial charge, of water soluble salts, (B) the monomer emulsion containing from 50 to 500 ppm based on the total monomers, of polymerization inhibitor, (C) from 1-10% by by wt. of monomer emulsion is added, within the first one-half hour from the initiation of the monomer feed, at an increasing rate, to the initial charge and thereafter (B) the remaining monomer emulsion being added at a rate sufficient to control the rate of reaction.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1986-01-31	1986-08-02	1987-02-01	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1990-01-31	1990-08-02	1991-02-01	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	1994-01-31	1994-08-02	1995-02-01	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Preparation of aqueous polymer dispersions having a polymer content of up to 75% by weight

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