US4368115A
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Catalysts comprising layered chalcogenides of group IVb-group VIIb prepared by a low temperature nonaqueous precipitate technique
Assignee: ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
•
Filing: 1981-03-11
•
Granted: 1983-01-11
•
Expires: 2001-03-11
Abstract
Abstract In processes for the catalytic treatment of hydrocarbon feedstream containing organic sulfur comprising contacting said feedstream with a catalyst for a time at a temperature and pressure sufficient to effect the desired catalytic change on the feedstream, the improvement comprising using as the catalyst a layered composition of the formula MXy wherein M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Group IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb and uranium, X is a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and mixtures thereof, y is a number ranging from about 1.5 to about 3. The catalyst is prepared by reacting neat or in the presence of a nonaqueous solvent a Group IVb to VIIb or uranium metal salt, and a source of sulfide, selenide or telluride ions, and mixing the reactants at temperatures below 400 DEG C. and at atmospheric pressures. The catalyst may be isolated by filtration and washing with excess solvent (when one is used) or by vacuum pumping any volatile coproduced anion salt. Preferably the chalcogenide is sulfur and y is about 1.5 to about 2. The catalytic processes which are benefited by the use therein of the above-described compositions are hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, hydroconversion and hydrogenation run in the presence of hydrogen or a hydrogen donor solvent.
Inventors
- 👤 Russell R. Chianelli
- 👤 Theresa A. Pecoraro
- 👤 Martin B. Dines
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-01 13:09
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10G; C10G49/00; C10G49/02; B; B01; B01J; B01J27/00; B01J27/02; B01J27/04; B01J27/057; B01J27/0573; C01; C01B; C01B19/00; C01B19/007; C01G; C01G1/00; C01G1/12; C01G47/00; C10G45/00; C10G45/02; C10G45/04; C01P; C01P2002/00; C01P2002/02; C01P2002/60; C01P2006/00; C01P2006/12; C01P2006/60; C01P2006/80
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 91
Claim 1
Independent Claim
235 words
In a process for the hydrodesulfurization of hydrocarbon feed streams wherein said hydrocarbon feedstreams are contacted with a catalyst at a temperature and pressure and in the presence of hydrogen or a hydrogen donor solvent and under conditions sufficient to effect the hydrodesulfurization of the hydrocarbon feedstream, the improvement comprising using as the catalyst a layered material of the formula MX y wherein M is a transition metal selected from the groups consisting of Group IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb metals, X is a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof and y is a number ranging from about 1.5 to about 3 which material is prepared by reacting neat a Group IVb to VIIb metal salt, with a source of sulfide, selenide, or telluride ions, said source being selected from the group consisting of Li 2 X, Na 2 X, K 2 X, NaHX, LiHX, KHX, (NH 4 )HX, (NH 4 ) 2 X, (RNH 3 ) 2 X, (RR'NH 2 ) 2 X, (RR'R"NH) 2 X wherein R, R' and R" are the same or different C 1 -C.sub. 20 alkyl group and C 6 -C 20 aryl group, and X is the chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof, said reaction being conducted at a temperature of from -78 ° to 400° C. for a time sufficient for reaction to occur.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
235 words
In a process for the hydrodesulfurization of hydrocarbon feed streams wherein said hydrocarbon feedstreams are contacted with a catalyst at a temperature and pressure and in the presence of hydrogen or a hydrogen donor solvent and under conditions sufficient to effect the hydrodesulfurization of the hydrocarbon feedstream, the improvement comprising using as the catalyst a layered material of the formula MX y wherein M is a transition metal selected from the groups consisting of Group IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb metals, X is a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof and y is a number ranging from about 1.5 to about 3 which material is prepared by reacting neat a Group IVb to VIIb metal salt, with a source of sulfide, selenide, or telluride ions, said source being selected from the group consisting of Li 2 X, Na 2 X, K 2 X, NaHX, LiHX, KHX, (NH 4 )HX, (NH 4 ) 2 X, (RNH 3 ) 2 X, (RR'NH 2 ) 2 X, (RR'R"NH) 2 X wherein R, R' and R" are the same or different C 1 -C.sub. 20 alkyl group and C 6 -C 20 aryl group, and X is the chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof, said reaction being conducted at a temperature of from -78 ° to 400° C. for a time sufficient for reaction to occur.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the catalyst is ReS y wherein y is from about 2 to about 4.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 2 wherein the catalyst is ReS 2 .
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 1 further characterized by the catalyst being deposited on high surface area supports selected from the group consisting of high surface area carbon and high surface area refractory oxides.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the chalcogen is sulfur.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
8 words
The process of claim 5 is about 2.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the transition metal is selected from Group VIb.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
31 words
The process of claim 4 wherein the high surface area support is selected from the group consisting of CaO, MgO, Al 2 O 3 , silica-alumina and high surface area carbon.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the catalyst preparation temperature ranges from 25° to 300° C.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
234 words
In a process for the hydrodenitrogenation of hydrocarbon feedstreams wherein said hydrocarbon feedstreams are contacted with a catalyst at a temperature and pressure and in the presence of hydrogen or a hydrogen donor solvent and under conditions sufficient to effect the hydrodenitrogenation of the hydrocarbon feedstream, the improvement comprising using as the catalyst a layered material of the formula MXy wherein M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Group IVb, Vb, VIb, and VIIb transition metals, X is a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof and y is a number ranging from about 1.5 to about 3 which material is prepared by reacting neat a Group IVb to VIIb metal salt with a source of sulfide, selenide or telluride ions, said source being selected from the group consisting of Li 2 X, Na 2 X, K 2 X, NaHX, LiHX, KHX, (NH 4 )HX, (NH 4 ) 2 X, (RNH 3 ) 2 X, (RR'NH 2 ) 2 X, (RR'R"NH) 2 X wherein R, R' and R" are the same or different C 1 -C 20 alkyl group and C 6 -C 20 aryl group and X is the chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof, said reaction being conducted at a temperature of from -78° to 400° C. for a time sufficient for reaction to occur.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
234 words
In a process for the hydrodenitrogenation of hydrocarbon feedstreams wherein said hydrocarbon feedstreams are contacted with a catalyst at a temperature and pressure and in the presence of hydrogen or a hydrogen donor solvent and under conditions sufficient to effect the hydrodenitrogenation of the hydrocarbon feedstream, the improvement comprising using as the catalyst a layered material of the formula MXy wherein M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Group IVb, Vb, VIb, and VIIb transition metals, X is a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof and y is a number ranging from about 1.5 to about 3 which material is prepared by reacting neat a Group IVb to VIIb metal salt with a source of sulfide, selenide or telluride ions, said source being selected from the group consisting of Li 2 X, Na 2 X, K 2 X, NaHX, LiHX, KHX, (NH 4 )HX, (NH 4 ) 2 X, (RNH 3 ) 2 X, (RR'NH 2 ) 2 X, (RR'R"NH) 2 X wherein R, R' and R" are the same or different C 1 -C 20 alkyl group and C 6 -C 20 aryl group and X is the chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof, said reaction being conducted at a temperature of from -78° to 400° C. for a time sufficient for reaction to occur.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 10 wherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of Group VIb transition metals.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 10 wherein the chalcogen is sulfur.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 11 wherein the chalcogen is sulfur.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
9 words
The process of claim 12 wherein y is 2.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 13 wherein y is about 2.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 10 wherein the catalyst is ReS y wherein y is from about 2 to 3.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 10 wherein the catalyst is ReS 2 .
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 10 wherein the catalyst preparation temperature ranges from 25° to 300° C.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 17 wherein the catalyst preparation temperature ranges from 25° to 300° C.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 10 further characterized by the catalyst being deposited on high surface area supports selected from the group consisting of high surface area carbon and high surface area refractory oxides.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
31 words
The process of claim 20 wherein the high surface area support is selected from the group consisting of CaO, MgO, Al 2 O 3 , silica-alumina and high surface area carbon.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
240 words
In a process for the hydrodesulfurization of hydrocarbon feedstreams wherein said hydrocarbon feedstreams are contacted with a catalyst at a temperature and pressure and in the presence of hydrogen or a hydrogen donor solvent and under conditions sufficient to effect the hydrodesulfurization of the hydrocarbon feedstream, the improvement comprising using as the catalyst a layered material of the formula MX y wherein M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Group IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb metals, X is a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and mixtures thereof and y is a number ranging from about 1.5 to about 3 which material is prepared by reacting in the presence of a nonaqueous, aprotic solvent a Group IVb to VIIb metal salt, with a source of sulfide, selenide, or telluride ions, said source being selected from the group consisting of Li 2 X, Na 2 X, K 2 X, NaHX, LiHX, KHX, (NH 4 )HX, (NH 4 ) 2 X, (RNH 3 ) 2 X, (RR'NH 2 ) 2 X, (RR'R"NH) 2 X, wherein R, R' and R" are the same or different C 1 -C 20 alkyl group and C 6 -C 20 aryl group and X is the chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof, said reaction being conducted at a temperature of from -78° to 400° C. for a time sufficient for reaction to occur.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
240 words
In a process for the hydrodesulfurization of hydrocarbon feedstreams wherein said hydrocarbon feedstreams are contacted with a catalyst at a temperature and pressure and in the presence of hydrogen or a hydrogen donor solvent and under conditions sufficient to effect the hydrodesulfurization of the hydrocarbon feedstream, the improvement comprising using as the catalyst a layered material of the formula MX y wherein M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Group IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb metals, X is a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and mixtures thereof and y is a number ranging from about 1.5 to about 3 which material is prepared by reacting in the presence of a nonaqueous, aprotic solvent a Group IVb to VIIb metal salt, with a source of sulfide, selenide, or telluride ions, said source being selected from the group consisting of Li 2 X, Na 2 X, K 2 X, NaHX, LiHX, KHX, (NH 4 )HX, (NH 4 ) 2 X, (RNH 3 ) 2 X, (RR'NH 2 ) 2 X, (RR'R"NH) 2 X, wherein R, R' and R" are the same or different C 1 -C 20 alkyl group and C 6 -C 20 aryl group and X is the chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof, said reaction being conducted at a temperature of from -78° to 400° C. for a time sufficient for reaction to occur.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 22 wherein the chalcogen is sulfur.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 23 wherein y is about 2.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 22 wherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of Group VIb transition metals.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 25 wherein the chalcogen is sulfur.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 26 wherein y is about 2.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 22 wherein the catalyst is ReS y wherein y is from about 2 to about 4.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 28 wherein the catalyst is ReS 2 .
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 22 further characterized by the catalyst being deposited on high surface area supports selected from the group consisting of high surface area carbon and high surface area refractory oxides.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
32 words
The process of claim 29 further characterized by the catalyst being deposited on high surface area supports selected from the group consisting of high surface area carbon and high surface refractory oxides.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
31 words
The process of claim 30 wherein the high surface area support is selected from the group consisting of CaO, MgO, Al 2 O 3 , silica-alumina and high surface area carbon.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
31 words
The process of claim 31 wherein the high surface area support is selected from the group consisting of CaO, MgO, Al 2 O 3 , silica-alumina and high surface area carbon.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 22 wherein the catalyst preparation temperature ranges from 25° to 300° C.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 29 wherein the catalyst preparation temperature ranges from 25° to 300° C.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
66 words
The process of claim 29 wherein the nonaqueous, aprotic solvent is selected from the group consisting of acetonitrile, benzonitrile, propionitrile, acetone, C 1 -C 20 alkyl halides, C 6 -C 20 aryl halides, 1, 2-dimethoxyethane, diglyme, N-methylformamide, dimethylformamide, C 6 -C 20 aromatics, pyridine, C 1 -C 12 alkanes, C 4 -C 8 ethers, anhydrous acids, propylene carbonate and the hydrocarbon feedstream to be catalytically treated.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process of claim 29 wherein the catalyst is prepared in a catalytic reactor chamber by the addition of the appropriate starting material, the hydrocarbon feedstream to be catalytically treated being the nonaqueous solvent.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
242 words
In a process for the hydrodenitrogenation of hydrocarbon feedstreams wherein said hydrocarbon feedstreams are contacted with a catalyst at a temperature and pressure and in the presence of hydrogen or a hydrogen donor solvent and under conditions sufficient to effect the hydrodenitrogenation of the hydrocarbon feedstream, the improvement comprising using as the catalyst a layered material of the formula MX y wherein M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Group IVb, Vb, VIb, and VIIb metals, X is a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof and y is a number ranging from about 1.5 to about 3 which material is prepared by reacting in the presence of a nonaqueous, aprotic solvent a Group IVb to VIIb metal salt with a source of sulfide, selenide or telluride ions, said source being selected from the group consisting of Li 2 X, Na 2 X, K 2 X, NaHX, LiHX, KHX, (NH 4 )HX, (NH 4 ) 2 X, (RNH 3 ) 2 X, (RR'NH 2 ) 2 X, (RR'R"NH) 2 X wherein R, R' and R" are the same or different C 1 -C 20 alkyl group and C 6 -C 20 aryl group, and X is the chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof, said reacting being conducted at a temperature of from -78 ° to 400° C. for a time sufficient for reaction to occur.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
242 words
In a process for the hydrodenitrogenation of hydrocarbon feedstreams wherein said hydrocarbon feedstreams are contacted with a catalyst at a temperature and pressure and in the presence of hydrogen or a hydrogen donor solvent and under conditions sufficient to effect the hydrodenitrogenation of the hydrocarbon feedstream, the improvement comprising using as the catalyst a layered material of the formula MX y wherein M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Group IVb, Vb, VIb, and VIIb metals, X is a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof and y is a number ranging from about 1.5 to about 3 which material is prepared by reacting in the presence of a nonaqueous, aprotic solvent a Group IVb to VIIb metal salt with a source of sulfide, selenide or telluride ions, said source being selected from the group consisting of Li 2 X, Na 2 X, K 2 X, NaHX, LiHX, KHX, (NH 4 )HX, (NH 4 ) 2 X, (RNH 3 ) 2 X, (RR'NH 2 ) 2 X, (RR'R"NH) 2 X wherein R, R' and R" are the same or different C 1 -C 20 alkyl group and C 6 -C 20 aryl group, and X is the chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof, said reacting being conducted at a temperature of from -78 ° to 400° C. for a time sufficient for reaction to occur.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 38 wherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of Group VIb transition metals.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 38 wherein the chalcogen is sulfur.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 39 wherein the chalcogen is sulfur.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 40 wherein y is about 2.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 41 wherein y is about 2.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 38 wherein the catalyst is ReS y wherein y is from about 2 to about 3.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 44 wherein the catalyst is ReS 2 .
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 38 further characterized by the catalyst being deposited on high surface area supports selected from the group consisting of high surface area carbon and high surface area refractory oxides.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 45 further characterized by the catalyst being deposited on high surface area supports selected from the group consisting of high surface area carbon and high surface area refractory oxides.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
31 words
The process of claim 46 wherein the high surface area support is selected from the group consisting of CaO, MgO, Al 2 O 3 , silica-alumina and high surface area carbon.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
31 words
The process of claim 47 wherein the high surface area support is selected from the group consisting of CaO, MgO, Al 2 O 3 , silica-alumina and high surface area carbon.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 38 wherein the catalyst preparation temperature ranges from 25° to 300° C.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 45 wherein the catalyst preparation temperature ranges from 25° to 300° C.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
73 words
The process of claim 38 wherein the non-aqueous, aprotic solvent is selected from the group consisting of acetonitrile, benzonitrile, propionitrile, acetone, C 1 -C 20 alkyl halides, C 6 -C 20 aryl halides, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diglyme, N-methylformamide, dimethylformamide, C 6 -C 20 aromatics, pyridine, C 1 -C 12 alkanes, C 4 -C 8 ethers, anhydrous acids, propylene carbonate, ammonia, molten sulfur, C 1 -C 30 amine and the hydrocarbon feedstream to be catalytically treated.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
73 words
The process of claim 45 wherein the nonaqueous, aprotic solvent is selected from the group consisting of acetonitrile, benzonitrile, propionitrile, acetone, C 1 -C 20 alkyl halides, C 6 -C 20 aryl halides, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diglyme, N-methylformamide, dimethylformamide, C 6 -C 20 aromatics, pyridine, C 1 -C 12 alkanes, C 4 -C 8 ethers, anhydrous acids, propylene carbonate, ammonia, molten sulfur, C 1 -C 30 amines and the hydrocarbon feedstock to be catalytically treated.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process of claim 38 wherein the catalyst is prepared in a catalytic reactor chamber by the addition of the appropriate starting material, the hydrocarbon feedstream to be catalytically treated being the nonaqueous solvent.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process of claim 45 wherein the catalyst is prepared in a catalytic reaction chamber by the addition of the appropriate starting material, the hydrocarbon feedstream to be catalytically treated being the nonaqueous solvent.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
237 words
In a process for the hydrogenation in the presence of hydrogen or a hydrogen donor solvent of hydrocarbon feedstreams wherein said hydrocarbon feedstreams are contacted with a catalyst at a temperature and pressure and under conditions sufficient to effect the hydrogenation of the hydrocarbon feedstream, the improvement comprising using as a catalyst a layered material of the formula MX y wherein M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Group IVb,Vb, VIb,VIIb metals, X is a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof and y is a number ranging from about 1.5 to about 3 which material is prepared by reacting in the presence of a nonaqueous, aprotic solvent a Group IVb to VIIb metal salt, with a source of sulfide, selenide, or telluride ions, said source being selected from the group consisting of Li 2 X, Na 2 X, K 2 X, NaHX, LiHX, KHX, (NH 4 )HX, (NH 4 ) 2 X, (RNH 3 ) 2 X, (RR'NH 2 ) 2 X, (RR'R"NH) 2 X wherein R, R' and R" are the same or different C.sub. 1 -C 20 alkyl group and C 6 -C 20 aryl group, and X is the chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof, said reaction being conducted at a temperature of from -78° to 400° C. for a time sufficient for reaction to occur.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
237 words
In a process for the hydrogenation in the presence of hydrogen or a hydrogen donor solvent of hydrocarbon feedstreams wherein said hydrocarbon feedstreams are contacted with a catalyst at a temperature and pressure and under conditions sufficient to effect the hydrogenation of the hydrocarbon feedstream, the improvement comprising using as a catalyst a layered material of the formula MX y wherein M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Group IVb,Vb, VIb,VIIb metals, X is a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof and y is a number ranging from about 1.5 to about 3 which material is prepared by reacting in the presence of a nonaqueous, aprotic solvent a Group IVb to VIIb metal salt, with a source of sulfide, selenide, or telluride ions, said source being selected from the group consisting of Li 2 X, Na 2 X, K 2 X, NaHX, LiHX, KHX, (NH 4 )HX, (NH 4 ) 2 X, (RNH 3 ) 2 X, (RR'NH 2 ) 2 X, (RR'R"NH) 2 X wherein R, R' and R" are the same or different C.sub. 1 -C 20 alkyl group and C 6 -C 20 aryl group, and X is the chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof, said reaction being conducted at a temperature of from -78° to 400° C. for a time sufficient for reaction to occur.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
23 words
The process of claim 56 wherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of Group VIb and Group VIIb transition metals.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 56 wherein the chalcogen is sulfur.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 57 wherein the chalcogen is sulfur.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 58 wherein y is about 2.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 59 wherein y is about 2.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 56 wherein the catalyst is ReS y wherein y is from about 2 to about 3.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 62 wherein the catalyst is ReS 2 .
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 56 further characterized by the catalyst being deposited on high surface area supports selected from the group consisting of high surface area carbon and high surface area refractory oxides.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 63 further characterized by the catalyst being deposited on high surface area supports selected from the group consisting of high surface area carbon and high surface area refractory oxides.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
31 words
The process of claim 64 wherein the high surface area support is selected from the group consisting of CaO, MgO, Al 2 O 3 , silica-alumina and high surface area carbon.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
31 words
The process of claim 65 wherein the high surface area support is selected from the group consisting of CaO, MgO, Al 2 O 3 , silica-alumina and high surface area carbon.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 56 wherein the catalyst preparation temperature ranges from 25° to 300° C.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 63 wherein the catalyst preparation temperature ranges from 25° to 300° C.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
73 words
The process of claim 56 wherein the nonaqueous aprotic solvent is selected from the group consisting of acetonitrile, benzonitrile, propionitrile, acetone, C 1 -C 20 alkyl halides, C 6 -C 20 aryl halides, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diglyme, N-methylformamide, dimethylformamide, C 6 -C 20 aromatics, pyridine, C 4 -C 8 ethers, anhydrous acids, propylene carbonate, ammonia, molten sulfur, C 1 -C 30 amines, C 1 -C 12 alkanes, and the hydrocarbon feedstream to be catalytically treated.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
67 words
The process of claim 63 wherein the nonaqueous aprotic solvent is selected from the group consisting of acetonitrile, benzonitrile, propionitrile, acetone, C 7 -C 20 alkyl halides, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diglyme, N-methylformamide, dimethylformamide, C 6 -C 20 aromatics, pyridine, C 4 -C 8 ethers, anhydrous acids, propylene carbonate, ammonia, molten sulfur, C 1 -C 30 amines, C 1 -C 12 alkanes and the hydrocarbon feedstream to be catalytically treated.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process of claim 56 wherein the catalyst is prepared in a catalytic reactor chamber by the addition of the appropriate starting material, the hydrocarbon feedstream to be catalytically treated being the nonaqueous solvent.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process of claim 63 wherein the catalyst is prepared in a catalytic reactor chamber by the addition of the appropriate starting material, the hydrocarbon feedstream to be catalytically treated being the nonaqueous solvent.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
66 words
The process of claim 22 wherein the non-aqueous, aprotic solvent is selected from the group consisting of acetonitrile, benzonitrile, propionitrile, acetone, C 1 -C 20 alkyl halides, C 6 -C 20 aryl halides, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diglyma, N-methylformamide, dimethylformamide, C 6 -C 20 aromatics, pyridine, C 1 -C 12 alkanes, C 4 -C 8 ethers, anhydrous acids, propylene carbonate and the hydrocarbon feed stream to be catalytically treated.
Claim 80
Dependent Claim
35 words
The process of claim 22 wherein the catalyst is prepared in a catalytic reactor chamber by the addition of the appropriate starting material, the hydrocarbon feed stream to be catalytically treated being the non-aqueous solvent.
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 17 further characterized by the catalyst being deposited on high surface area supports selected from the group consisting of high surface area carbon and high surface area refractory oxides.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
31 words
The process of claim 76 wherein the high surface area support is selected from the group consisting of CaO, MgO, Al 2 O 3 , silica-alumina and high surface area carbon.
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
233 words
In a process for the hydrogenation of hydrocarbon feedstreams wherein said hydrocarbon feedstreams are contacted with a catalyst at a temperature and pressure and in the presence of hydrogen or a hydrogen donor solvent and under conditions sufficient to effect the hydrogenation of the hydrocarbon feedstreams, the improvement comprising using as the catalyst a layered material of the formula MX y wherein M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Group IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb metals X is a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof and y is a number ranging from about 1.5 to about 3 which material is prepared by reacting neat a Group IVb to VIIb metal salt, with a source of sulfide, selenide, or telluride ions, said source being selected from the group consisting of Li 2 X, Na 2 X, K 2 X, NaHX, LiHX, KHX, (NH 4 )HX, (NH 4 ) 2 X, (RNH 3 ) 2 X, (RR'NH 2 ) 2 X, (RR'R"NH) 2 X wherein R, R' and R" are the same or different C 1 -C 20 alkyl group and C 6 -C 20 aryl group and X is the chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof, said reaction being conducted at a temperature of from -78 to 400° C. for a time sufficient for reaction to occur.
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
233 words
In a process for the hydrogenation of hydrocarbon feedstreams wherein said hydrocarbon feedstreams are contacted with a catalyst at a temperature and pressure and in the presence of hydrogen or a hydrogen donor solvent and under conditions sufficient to effect the hydrogenation of the hydrocarbon feedstreams, the improvement comprising using as the catalyst a layered material of the formula MX y wherein M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Group IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb metals X is a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof and y is a number ranging from about 1.5 to about 3 which material is prepared by reacting neat a Group IVb to VIIb metal salt, with a source of sulfide, selenide, or telluride ions, said source being selected from the group consisting of Li 2 X, Na 2 X, K 2 X, NaHX, LiHX, KHX, (NH 4 )HX, (NH 4 ) 2 X, (RNH 3 ) 2 X, (RR'NH 2 ) 2 X, (RR'R"NH) 2 X wherein R, R' and R" are the same or different C 1 -C 20 alkyl group and C 6 -C 20 aryl group and X is the chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof, said reaction being conducted at a temperature of from -78 to 400° C. for a time sufficient for reaction to occur.
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 78 wherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of Group VIb transition metals.
Claim 86
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 78 wherein the chalcogen is sulfur.
Claim 87
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 80 wherein y is about 2.
Claim 88
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 79 wherein the chalcogen is sulfur.
Claim 89
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 82 wherein y is about 2.
Claim 90
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 78 wherein the catalyst is ReS y wherein y is from about 2 to about 3.
Claim 91
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 84 wherein the catalyst is ReS 2 .
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1986-01-10 | 1986-07-12 | 1987-01-11 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1990-01-10 | 1990-07-12 | 1991-01-11 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1994-01-10 | 1994-07-12 | 1995-01-11 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |