Patent US4365030A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4365030A
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US
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Overtreated higher dialkyl dimethyl ammonium clay gellants
Assignee: ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
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Filing: 1977-03-23
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Granted: 1982-12-21
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Expires: 1997-03-23
Abstract
Abstract Novel higher dialkyl dimethyl ammonium clays, of superior gellant effectiveness in oxygenated organic liquids, can be produced by the overtreatment of layer and chain type mineral clays via ion exchange reactions. For example, a layered dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium montmorillonite, a superior gellant for alkyd resin based coatings, is prepared by the reaction of sodium montmorillonite with a 12 to 25% excess of the corresponding quaternary chloride beyond the known ion exchange capacity of the clay. The overtreatment is preferably carried out in a mixture of water and organic solvent which disperses the clay and dissolves the quaternary ammonium salt.
Inventors
- 👤 Alexis A. Oswald
- 👤 Harry W. Barnum
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 12:40
CPC Classifications
C; C08; C08K; C08K3/00; C08K3/34; C08K3/346; C01; C01B; C01B33/00; C01B33/20; C01B33/36; C01B33/38; C01B33/44; C08K9/00; C08K9/04; C08L; C08L67/00; C09; C09D; C09D5/00; C09D5/04; C10; C10M; C10M7/00; C10M2201/00; C10M2201/08; C10M2201/082; C10M2201/083; C10M2201/10; C10M2201/102; C10M2201/103; C10M2201/1036; C10M2201/14; C10M2201/145; C10M2205/00; C10M2205/02; C10M2205/0206; C10M2205/024; C10M2205/028; C10M2205/06; C10M2207/00; C10M2207/003; C10M2207/02; C10M2207/023; C10M2207/024; C10M2207/08; C10M2207/28; C10M2207/32; C10M2209/00; C10M2209/10; C10M2209/101; C10M2209/102; C10M2211/00; C10M2211/06; C10M2213/00; C10M2213/02; C10M2213/06; C10M2213/062; C10M2215/00; C10M2215/02; C10M2215/04; C10M2215/06; C10M2215/064; C10M2215/065; C10M2215/24; C10M2215/26; C10M2217/00; C10M2217/04; C10M2217/044; C10M2217/045; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S525/00; Y10S525/921
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 26
Claim 1
Independent Claim
115 words
A process for preparing a quaternary higher dialkyl dimethyl ammonium clay composition of layer and chain type structure comprising reacting in a reaction media comprising a water miscible polar organic solvent and water having dispersed therein mineral clays of layer and chain type structure with a quaternary higher dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salt dissolved in said reaction media, wherein the concentration of ammonium ions of said ammonium salt ranges from about 12 to 25% above the ion exchange capacity of the clay as expressed in milliequivalents per 100 g. dry clay and as determined by the amount of ammonium acetate which reacts with the clay when an excess of ammonium acetate is used as a reactant.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
115 words
A process for preparing a quaternary higher dialkyl dimethyl ammonium clay composition of layer and chain type structure comprising reacting in a reaction media comprising a water miscible polar organic solvent and water having dispersed therein mineral clays of layer and chain type structure with a quaternary higher dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salt dissolved in said reaction media, wherein the concentration of ammonium ions of said ammonium salt ranges from about 12 to 25% above the ion exchange capacity of the clay as expressed in milliequivalents per 100 g. dry clay and as determined by the amount of ammonium acetate which reacts with the clay when an excess of ammonium acetate is used as a reactant.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the concentration of the ammonium ions ranges from about 15 to about 20% above the ion exchange capacity of the clay.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the said higher dialkyl substituent of the quaternary higher dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salt is C 8 to C 35 alkyl.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
32 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the said higher dialkyl substituent of the quaternary higher dialkyl substituent of the quaternary higher dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salt is C 16 to C 18 alkyl.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
35 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the polar organic solvent is a member selected from the group consisting of C 1 to C 12 alcohols, ketones, ethers, nitriles, sulfones, carboxylic acids, carboxylic esters and amides.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the polar organic solvent is isopropanol.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the solvent to water ratio ranges from about 1:20 to about 2:1.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
105 words
A process for preparing a quaternary higher dialkyl dimethyl ammonium clay composition of layer and chain type structure comprising reacting in a reaction media comprising isopropanol and water having dispersed therein a Wyomining montmorillonite clay with a dihydrogenated ditallow dimethyl ammonium chloride dissolved in said reaction media, wherein the concentration of ammonium ions of said ammonium salt ranges from about 15 to 20% above the ion exchange capacity of the clay as expressed in milliequivalents per 100 g. dry clay and as determined by the amount of ammonium acetate which reacts with the clay when an excess of ammonium acetate is used as a reactant.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
105 words
A process for preparing a quaternary higher dialkyl dimethyl ammonium clay composition of layer and chain type structure comprising reacting in a reaction media comprising isopropanol and water having dispersed therein a Wyomining montmorillonite clay with a dihydrogenated ditallow dimethyl ammonium chloride dissolved in said reaction media, wherein the concentration of ammonium ions of said ammonium salt ranges from about 15 to 20% above the ion exchange capacity of the clay as expressed in milliequivalents per 100 g. dry clay and as determined by the amount of ammonium acetate which reacts with the clay when an excess of ammonium acetate is used as a reactant.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
100 words
A thixotropic composition comprising a major amount of an oxygenated organic compound and a quaternary C 14 to C 22 dialkyl dimethyl ammonium clay gellant of layer and chain type structure containing ammonium ions in a concentration ranging from about 12 to about 25% above the ion exchange capacity of the clay as expressed in milliequivalents per 100 g. dry clay and as determined by the amount of ammonium acetate which reacts with the clay when an excess of ammonium acetate is used as a reactant, said clay gellant being present in amounts sufficient to attain the desired thixotropic characteristics.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
100 words
A thixotropic composition comprising a major amount of an oxygenated organic compound and a quaternary C 14 to C 22 dialkyl dimethyl ammonium clay gellant of layer and chain type structure containing ammonium ions in a concentration ranging from about 12 to about 25% above the ion exchange capacity of the clay as expressed in milliequivalents per 100 g. dry clay and as determined by the amount of ammonium acetate which reacts with the clay when an excess of ammonium acetate is used as a reactant, said clay gellant being present in amounts sufficient to attain the desired thixotropic characteristics.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
14 words
The thixotropic composition of claim 9 wherein the oxygenated compound is an alkyd polyester.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
90 words
A thixotropic composition comprising a major amount of an oxygenated organic compound and a quaternary dihydrogenated ditallow dimethyl ammonium montmorillonite clay gellant containing ammonium ions in a concentration ranging from about 15 to 20% above the ion exchange capacity of the clay as expressed in milliequivalents per 100 g. dry clay and as determined by the amount of ammonium acetate which reacts with the clay when an excess of ammonium acetate is used as a reactant, said clay gellant being present in amounts sufficient to attain the desired thixotropic characteristics.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
90 words
A thixotropic composition comprising a major amount of an oxygenated organic compound and a quaternary dihydrogenated ditallow dimethyl ammonium montmorillonite clay gellant containing ammonium ions in a concentration ranging from about 15 to 20% above the ion exchange capacity of the clay as expressed in milliequivalents per 100 g. dry clay and as determined by the amount of ammonium acetate which reacts with the clay when an excess of ammonium acetate is used as a reactant, said clay gellant being present in amounts sufficient to attain the desired thixotropic characteristics.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
14 words
The thixotropic composition of claim 11 wherein the oxygenated compound is an alkyd polyester.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
95 words
A thixotropic composition comprising a major amount of an alkyd polyester and a quaternary higher dialkyl dimethyl ammonium clay gellant of layer and chain type structure containing ammonium ions in a concentration ranging from about 12 to about 25% above the ion exchange capacity of the clay as expressed in milliequivalents per 100 g. dry clay and as determined by the amount of ammonium acetate which reacts with the clay when an excess of ammonium acetate is used as a reactant, said clay gellant being present in amounts sufficient to attain the desired thixotropic characteristics.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
95 words
A thixotropic composition comprising a major amount of an alkyd polyester and a quaternary higher dialkyl dimethyl ammonium clay gellant of layer and chain type structure containing ammonium ions in a concentration ranging from about 12 to about 25% above the ion exchange capacity of the clay as expressed in milliequivalents per 100 g. dry clay and as determined by the amount of ammonium acetate which reacts with the clay when an excess of ammonium acetate is used as a reactant, said clay gellant being present in amounts sufficient to attain the desired thixotropic characteristics.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
12 words
The thixotropic composition of claim 13 wherein the clay is three layered.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
11 words
The thixotropic composition of claim 14 wherein the clay is montmorillonite.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
98 words
A thixotropic composition comprising major amounts of an unsaturated polyester and styrene monomer solvent and a quaternary higher dialkyl dimethyl ammonium clay gellant of layer and chain type structure containing ammonium ions in a concentration ranging from about 12 to about 25% above the ion exchange capacity of the clay as expressed in milliequivalents per 100 g. dry clay and as determined by the amount of ammonium acetate which reacts with the clay with an excess of ammonium acetate is used as a reactant, said clay gellant being present in amounts sufficient to attain the desired thixotropic characteristics.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
98 words
A thixotropic composition comprising major amounts of an unsaturated polyester and styrene monomer solvent and a quaternary higher dialkyl dimethyl ammonium clay gellant of layer and chain type structure containing ammonium ions in a concentration ranging from about 12 to about 25% above the ion exchange capacity of the clay as expressed in milliequivalents per 100 g. dry clay and as determined by the amount of ammonium acetate which reacts with the clay with an excess of ammonium acetate is used as a reactant, said clay gellant being present in amounts sufficient to attain the desired thixotropic characteristics.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
12 words
The thixotropic composition of claim 16 wherein the clay is three layered.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
11 words
The thixotropic composition of claim 16 wherein the clay is montmorillonite.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
93 words
A thixotropic composition comprising a major amount of an unsaturated polyester and styrene monomer solvent and a quaternary dihydrogenated ditallow dimethyl ammonium montmorillonite clay gellant containing ammonium ions in a concentration ranging from about 15 to 20% above the ion exchange capacity of the clay as expressed in milliequivalents per 100 g. dry clay and as determined by the amount of ammonium acetate which reacts with the clay with an excess of ammonium acetate is used as a reactant, said clay gellant being present in amounts sufficient to attain the desired thixotropic characteristics.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
93 words
A thixotropic composition comprising a major amount of an unsaturated polyester and styrene monomer solvent and a quaternary dihydrogenated ditallow dimethyl ammonium montmorillonite clay gellant containing ammonium ions in a concentration ranging from about 15 to 20% above the ion exchange capacity of the clay as expressed in milliequivalents per 100 g. dry clay and as determined by the amount of ammonium acetate which reacts with the clay with an excess of ammonium acetate is used as a reactant, said clay gellant being present in amounts sufficient to attain the desired thixotropic characteristics.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1985-12-20 | 1986-06-21 | 1986-12-21 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1989-12-20 | 1990-06-21 | 1990-12-21 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1993-12-20 | 1994-06-21 | 1994-12-21 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |