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US4359481A
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Liquid smoke concentrate
Assignee: Unilever Patent Holdings BV
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Filing: 1980-12-17
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Granted: 1982-11-16
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Expires: 2000-12-17
Abstract
Abstract A liquid smoke concentrate having a 3,4-benzpyrene- and 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene content of less than 0.2 nanograms, having a tar content (calculated as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) below 1 microgram/kg, and a phenolic compounds content (calculated as phenol) of 0.90-1.60 g/l, preferably 1.0-1.4 g/l, and in which the ratio of phenolic compounds content to carbonyl compounds content (calculated as acetone) to total titratable acid content (calculated as acetic acid) is 1:(17.0-47.0):(13.0-40.0), preferably 1:(20.0-37.0):(14.0-34.0). The concentrate is obtained by destructive distillation of cellulosic and/or lignin material, removing fly ashes, and separating two tar fractions by cooling to a temperature between 150°-200° C. and 80-120° C., respectively, non-condensable gases being separated off upon cooling to room temperature. The concentrate may be used in various physical forms as a flavoring agent in foodstuffs and as aromatizing agent.
Inventors
- 👤 Johannes W. Smits
- 👤 Franciscus A. Timmermans
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-07 01:01
CPC Classifications
A; A23; A23B; A23B4/00; A23B4/044; A23B4/048; A23L; A23L27/00; A23L27/20; A23L27/27
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 8
Claim 1
Independent Claim
172 words
A process of preparing a liquid smoke concentrate, having a 3,4-benzpyrene- and 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene-content of less than 0.2 nanograms, a tar content (calculated as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) below 1 microgram/kg and a phenolic compounds content (calculated as phenol) of from 0.90 to 1.60 g/l, and in which the ratio of phenolic compounds content to carbonyl compounds content (calculated as acetone) to titratable acid content (calculated as acetic acid) is 1:(17.0-47.0):(13.0-40.0) which consists essentially of liberating the smoke obtained in the destructive distillation at 350°-450° C. of cellulosic and/or lignin material from fly ash particles, then removing a first heavy tar fraction by cooling the smoke to a temperature between 150° C. and 200° C., subsequently removing a second tar fraction by further cooling the smoke remaining after the first tar separation to a temperature between 80° C. and 120° C., and finally condensing the residual smoke by cooling to room temperature while separating off the non-condensable gases, to obtain from the thus condensed residual smoke the liquid smoke concentrate having the characteristics indicated.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
172 words
A process of preparing a liquid smoke concentrate, having a 3,4-benzpyrene- and 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene-content of less than 0.2 nanograms, a tar content (calculated as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) below 1 microgram/kg and a phenolic compounds content (calculated as phenol) of from 0.90 to 1.60 g/l, and in which the ratio of phenolic compounds content to carbonyl compounds content (calculated as acetone) to titratable acid content (calculated as acetic acid) is 1:(17.0-47.0):(13.0-40.0) which consists essentially of liberating the smoke obtained in the destructive distillation at 350°-450° C. of cellulosic and/or lignin material from fly ash particles, then removing a first heavy tar fraction by cooling the smoke to a temperature between 150° C. and 200° C., subsequently removing a second tar fraction by further cooling the smoke remaining after the first tar separation to a temperature between 80° C. and 120° C., and finally condensing the residual smoke by cooling to room temperature while separating off the non-condensable gases, to obtain from the thus condensed residual smoke the liquid smoke concentrate having the characteristics indicated.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
55 words
A process according to claim 1, in which the first heavy tar fraction is removed by cooling the smoke to a temperature between 170° C. and 190° C. and the second tar fraction is removed by further cooling the smoke remaining after the first tar separation to a temperature between 90° C. and 100° C.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process according to claim 1, in which the destructive distillation of cellulosic and/or lignin material is carried out in the presence of steam.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
75 words
A liquid smoke concentrate, comprising a 3,4-benzpyrene- and 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene-content of less than 0.2 nanograms, a tar content (calculated as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) below 1 microgram/kg and a phenolic compounds content (calculated as phenol) of from 0.90 to 1.60 g/l and in which the ratio of phenolic compounds content of carbonyl compounds content (calculated as acetone) to total titratable acid content (calculated as acetic acid) is 1:(17.0-47.0):(13.0-40.0), prepared by the process as claimed in claim 1.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
104 words
A process of imparting a smoke flavour and/or taste to a foodstuff or an ingredient for a foodstuff, in which the foodstuff or the ingredient for a foodstuff is combined with from 0.01 to 10% by weight of a liquid smoke concentrate having a 3,4-benzpyrene- and 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene-content of less than 0.2 nanograms, a tar content (calculated as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) below 1 microgram/kg and a phenolic compounds content (calculated as phenol) of from 0.90 to 1.60 g/l and in which the ratio of phenolic compounds content to carbonyl compounds content (calculated as acetone) to total titratable acid content (calculated as acetic acid) is 1:(17.0-47.0):(13.0-40.0).
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
104 words
A process of imparting a smoke flavour and/or taste to a foodstuff or an ingredient for a foodstuff, in which the foodstuff or the ingredient for a foodstuff is combined with from 0.01 to 10% by weight of a liquid smoke concentrate having a 3,4-benzpyrene- and 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene-content of less than 0.2 nanograms, a tar content (calculated as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) below 1 microgram/kg and a phenolic compounds content (calculated as phenol) of from 0.90 to 1.60 g/l and in which the ratio of phenolic compounds content to carbonyl compounds content (calculated as acetone) to total titratable acid content (calculated as acetic acid) is 1:(17.0-47.0):(13.0-40.0).
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
22 words
A foodstuff or an ingredient for a foodstuff, having a smoke flavour and/or taste, prepared by the process claimed in claim 5.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1985-11-15 | 1986-05-17 | 1986-11-16 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1989-11-15 | 1990-05-17 | 1990-11-16 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1993-11-15 | 1994-05-17 | 1994-11-16 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |