Patent US4357167A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4357167A
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Methods of stowing cavities with flowable materials
Assignee: Coal Industry Patents Ltd
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Filing: 1980-08-25
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Granted: 1982-11-02
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Expires: 2000-08-25
Abstract
Abstract A quick setting cementitious composition with good early strength characteristics contains, by volume, 1-30% of a cement mixture including Portland Cement, calcium aluminate and calcium sulphate, 0.001-5% of clay and water in excess of 65%. The composition is especially suited for filling cavities in underground mines, for the construction of roadside packs, and the various components of the composition can be separately pumped or otherwise conveyed to the cavity.
Inventors
- 👤 William H. Kellet
- 👤 Peter S. Mills
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-03 10:00
CPC Classifications
E; E21; E21F; E21F15/00; E21F15/08; C; C04; C04B; C04B28/00; C04B28/02; C04B28/06; C04B28/065; C04B2111/00; C04B2111/00474; C04B2111/00724; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S106/00; Y10S106/04
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 29
Claim 1
Independent Claim
112 words
A method of stowing or filling a cavity with a flowable cementitious cavity filling medium, comprising filling the cavity with a flowable cavity filling medium wherein the medium comprises, by volume, cement mixture 1-30%, 0.001-5% of at least one clay selected from the group consisting of hectorite, bentonite, smectite and kaolinite clays and water in excess of 65%, the cement mixture comprising Portland Cement and, based on the weight of Portland Cement, 10-75% of a mixture of calcium aluminate and calcium sulphate, 0.5-15% of at least one inorganic salt accelerator and 0.005-3% of an organic or inorganic setting retarder and permitting the medium to harden in situ to form a supportive mass.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
112 words
A method of stowing or filling a cavity with a flowable cementitious cavity filling medium, comprising filling the cavity with a flowable cavity filling medium wherein the medium comprises, by volume, cement mixture 1-30%, 0.001-5% of at least one clay selected from the group consisting of hectorite, bentonite, smectite and kaolinite clays and water in excess of 65%, the cement mixture comprising Portland Cement and, based on the weight of Portland Cement, 10-75% of a mixture of calcium aluminate and calcium sulphate, 0.5-15% of at least one inorganic salt accelerator and 0.005-3% of an organic or inorganic setting retarder and permitting the medium to harden in situ to form a supportive mass.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
11 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein the clay comprises bentonite.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method according to claim 2, wherein the proportion of clay to water is 0.25-10% by weight.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein the mixture of calcium aluminate and calcium sulphate is in a ratio by weight of from 3:1 to 1:3.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
14 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein the calcium aluminate is High Alumina Cement.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method according to claim 5, wherein anhydrous calcium sulphate is present with High Alumina Cement in a ratio by weight of from 10:8 to 10:12.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein an organic setting retarder is used which is a carboxylic acid, hydroxycarboxylic acid or salt thereof.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method accordng to claim 1, wherein the inorganic salt is a halide, sulphate, nitrite, nitrate, borate, carbonate or hydroxide.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
14 words
A method according to claim 8, wherein the salt is sodium or potassium carbonate.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
12 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein Ordinary Portland Cement is used.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein a slurry containing cement mixture and a slurry containing clay are separately fed towards the cavity.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method according to claim 11, wherein the two slurries are mixed in a mixer unit before being used to fill the cavity.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein a slurry containing Portland Cement and a slurry containing clay and the inorganic salt accelerator are separately fed towards the cavity.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein a blend of cement mixture and clay is pneumatically transported towards the cavity, and water is separately fed towards the cavity.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein a slurry containing Portland Cement and clay and a solution of inorganic salt accelerator are fed separately towards the cavity.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein the cavity is at least partially defined by shuttering.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method according to claim 16, comprising the successive filling of packs at the side of a roadway in an underground mine.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
77 words
A hardenable cementitious cavity filling medium comprising by volume, 1-30% cement mixture, 0.001-5% of at least one clay selected from the group consisting of hectorite, bentonite, smectite and kaolinite clays and water in excess of 65%, the cement mixture comprising Portland Cement and, based on the weight of Portland Cement, 10-75% of a mixture of calcium aluminate and calcium sulphate, 0.5-15% of at least one inorganic salt accelerator and 0.005-3% of an organic or inorganic setting retarder.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
77 words
A hardenable cementitious cavity filling medium comprising by volume, 1-30% cement mixture, 0.001-5% of at least one clay selected from the group consisting of hectorite, bentonite, smectite and kaolinite clays and water in excess of 65%, the cement mixture comprising Portland Cement and, based on the weight of Portland Cement, 10-75% of a mixture of calcium aluminate and calcium sulphate, 0.5-15% of at least one inorganic salt accelerator and 0.005-3% of an organic or inorganic setting retarder.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
12 words
A hardenable medium according to claim 18, wherein the clay comprises bentonite.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
18 words
A hardenable medium according to claim 19, wherein the proportion of clay to water is 0.25-10% by weight.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
30 words
A hardenable medium according to claims 18, 19 or 20, wherein the mixture of calcium aluminate and calcium sulphate is in a ratio by weight of from 3:1 to 1:3.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
15 words
A hardenable medium according to claim 18, wherein the calcium aluminate is High Alumina Cement.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
27 words
A hardenable medium according to claim 22, wherein anhydrous calcium sulphate is present with High Alumina Cement in a ratio by weight of from 10:8 to 10:12.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
24 words
A hardenable medium according to claim 18, wherein an organic setting retarder is used which is a carboxylic acid, hydroxycarboxylic acid or salt thereof.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
21 words
A hardenable medium according to claim 18, wherein the inorganic salt is a halide, sulphate, nitrite, nitrate, borate, carbonate or hydroxide.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
15 words
A hardenable medium according to claim 25, wherein the salt is sodium or potassium carbonate.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
13 words
A hardenable medium according to claim 18, wherein Ordinary Portland Cement is used.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1985-11-01 | 1986-05-03 | 1986-11-02 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1989-11-01 | 1990-05-03 | 1990-11-02 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1993-11-01 | 1994-05-03 | 1994-11-02 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |