US4334949A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Reducing carbonate concentration in aqueous solution
Assignee: International Business Machines Corp
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Filing: 1980-11-25
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Granted: 1982-06-15
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Expires: 2000-11-25
Abstract
Abstract A method for reducing the concentration of carbonate in an aqueous solution which includes contacting the aqueous solution with a strongly basic ion-exchange resin.
Inventors
- 👤 Joseph G. Ameen
- 👤 Nelson P. Franchak
- 👤 John Rasile
- 👤 Dennis L. Rivenburgh
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 03:38
CPC Classifications
C; C09; C09K; C09K13/00; C09K13/02; B; B01; B01J; B01J41/00; B01J41/04; C01; C01D; C01D1/00; C01D1/04; C01D1/28; H; H10; H10P; H10P50/00; H10P50/20; H10P50/28; H10P50/286; H10P50/287
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 7
Claim 1
Independent Claim
147 words
A process for etching a polyimide which comprises contacting said polyimide with an aqueous etchant containing about 0.6 to about 1.6% by weight of an alkali metal hydroxide whereby a portion of the hydroxide is consumed in etching and is consumed in reacting with CO 2 absorbed from the atomsphere and dissolved in the aqueous etchant to form carbonate, and then contacting the used carbonate containing etchant with a strongly basic ion-exchange resin bed in the hydroxide form wherein carbonate ions in the etchant are exchanged with hydroxide ions, thereby maintaining the hydroxide concentration is said etchant substantially constant and filtering polyimide which may be present in undissolved form in the solution, and wherein the flow rate of said etchant through said ion-exchange resin is about 2.5 to about 6 liters per minute per cubic foot of resin bed, and then reusing the treated solution for etching.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
147 words
A process for etching a polyimide which comprises contacting said polyimide with an aqueous etchant containing about 0.6 to about 1.6% by weight of an alkali metal hydroxide whereby a portion of the hydroxide is consumed in etching and is consumed in reacting with CO 2 absorbed from the atomsphere and dissolved in the aqueous etchant to form carbonate, and then contacting the used carbonate containing etchant with a strongly basic ion-exchange resin bed in the hydroxide form wherein carbonate ions in the etchant are exchanged with hydroxide ions, thereby maintaining the hydroxide concentration is said etchant substantially constant and filtering polyimide which may be present in undissolved form in the solution, and wherein the flow rate of said etchant through said ion-exchange resin is about 2.5 to about 6 liters per minute per cubic foot of resin bed, and then reusing the treated solution for etching.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said alkali metal hydroxide is KOH.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein said anion-exchange resin contains quaternary ammonium groups.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 3 wherein said resin is based on a styrene-divinyl benzene copolymer.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the solution is at a temperature of about room temperature to about 50° C. when contacting said resin.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the solution is at a temperature of about 30° to about 40° C. when contacting said resin.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1985-06-14 | 1985-12-14 | 1986-06-15 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1989-06-14 | 1989-12-14 | 1990-06-15 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1993-06-14 | 1993-12-14 | 1994-06-15 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |