US4325802A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Method of liquefaction of carbonaceous materials
Assignee: Pentanyl Technologies Inc
•
Filing: 1980-11-17
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Granted: 1982-04-20
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Expires: 2000-11-17
Abstract
Abstract Hydrocarbon liquids are obtained from carbonaceous materials, such as coal, by contacting the carbonaceous materials with a metal carbonyl or a low valent complex of the transition metals and water gas under alkaline conditions to form a reaction mixture, and then heating the reaction mixture to a sufficent temperature and pressure to obtain the hydrocarbon liquids.
Inventors
- 👤 Clifford R. Porter
- 👤 Herbert D. Kaesz
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 07:54
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10G; C10G1/00; C10G1/08; C10G1/086; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S208/00; Y10S208/951
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 38
Claim 1
Independent Claim
80 words
A method of producing or converting hydrocarbon liquids from carbonaceous materials, comprising: contacting the carbonaceous material with a liquefaction facilitating agent selected from the group consisting of metal carbonyls, other low valent metal complexes of the transition metals, derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof, and water gas to form a reaction mixture, maintaining the pH of the reaction mixture greater than about 7.5, and heating the reaction mixture to a sufficient temperature and pressure to obtain liquids from the carbonaceous material.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
80 words
A method of producing or converting hydrocarbon liquids from carbonaceous materials, comprising: contacting the carbonaceous material with a liquefaction facilitating agent selected from the group consisting of metal carbonyls, other low valent metal complexes of the transition metals, derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof, and water gas to form a reaction mixture, maintaining the pH of the reaction mixture greater than about 7.5, and heating the reaction mixture to a sufficient temperature and pressure to obtain liquids from the carbonaceous material.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the carbonaceous material is a solid carbonaceous material.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 2 wherein the solid carbonaceous material is selected from the group consisting of coal, wood, lignin, peat, and solid petroleum residuals.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 2 wherein the solid carbonaceous material is coal.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 4 wherein the coal is selected from the group consisting of anthracite coal, bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite coal.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the carbonaceous material is a semi-solid or liquid carbonaceous material.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method of claim 6 wherein the carbonaceous material is selected from the group consisting of coal tars, tar sand, asphalt, shale oil, heavy petroleum oils, light petroleum oils, petroleum residuals and coal derived liquids.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
45 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the liquefaction facilitating agent comprises a metal carbonyl selected from the group consisting of vanadium carbonyl, chromium carbonyl, manganese carbonyl, iron carbonyl, cobalt carbonyl, nickel carbonyl, molybdenum carbonyl, ruthenium carbonyl, palladium carbonyl, tungsten carbonyl, derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 8 wherein the metal carbonyl comprises an iron carbonyl selected from the group consisting of iron pentacarbonyl, diiron noncarbonyl, triiron dodecacarbonyl, derivatives thereof and mixtures thereof.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the liquefaction facilitating agent comprises a low valent metal complex selected from the group consisting of the metalocenes, derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 10 wherein the metalocene is selected from the group consisting of ferrocene, derivatives thereof and mixtures thereof.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the reaction mixture further comprises a solvent.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the pH of the reaction mixture is maintained within the range of about 7.5 to about 10.7.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the water gas comprises about 2.5 moles of water per mole of carbon monoxide.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the reaction mixture comprises at least about 250 parts by weight of the liquefaction facilitating agent per million parts of carbonaceous material.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 15 wherein the reaction mixture comprises at least about 2,500 parts of agent per million parts of carbonaceous material.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the reaction mixture is heated to a temperature of about 100° C. to a temperature below the decomposition temperature of the liquefaction facilitating agent.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 17 wherein the reaction mixture is heated to a temperature of about 110° C. to about 750° C.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 18 wherein the reaction mixture is heated to a temperature of about 120° C. to about 500° C.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the pressure at the reaction temperature is at least about 100 p.s.i.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the pressure at the reaction temperature is about 200 to about 2,500 p.s.i.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the pressure at the reaction temperature is about 250 to about 1000 p.s.i.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the reaction mixture is heated for at least about 1 minute.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the reaction mixture is heated for about 2 to about 120 minutes.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the reaction mixture is heated for about 5 to about 30 minutes.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
44 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the pH of the reaction mixture is maintained by adding to the reaction mixture a base selected from the group consisting of the hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates and mixtures thereof of the alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 26 wherein the base is sodium hydroxide.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 26 wherein the base is potassium hydroxide.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 26 wherein the base is calcium hydroxide.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 26 wherein the base is sodium carbonate.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 26 wherein the base is sodium bicarbonate.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 26 wherein the base is potassium carbonate.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 26 wherein the base is potassium bicarbonate.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 26 wherein the base is calcium carbonate.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the reaction mixture is heated to a sufficient temperature and pressure to increase the hydrogen to carbon ratio of the carbonaceous material.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the reaction mixture is heated to a sufficient temperature and pressure to reduce the sulphur content of the carbonaceous material.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the reaction mixture is heated to a sufficient temperature and pressure to reduce the nitrogen content of the carbonaceous material.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1985-04-19 | 1985-10-19 | 1986-04-20 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1989-04-19 | 1989-10-19 | 1990-04-20 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1993-04-19 | 1993-10-19 | 1994-04-20 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |