US4120665A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Process for improving coal
Assignee: Hazen Research Inc
•
Filing: 1977-01-21
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Granted: 1978-10-17
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Expires: 1997-01-21
Abstract
Abstract In a process for improving coal wherein the raw coal is treated with a metal containing compound in order to enhance the magnetic susceptibility of certain impurity components contained in the raw coal permitting their removal by magnetic separation, the improvement comprising pretreating the coal by heating it to at least a temperature for at least a period of time sufficient to essentially meet or exceed a time and temperature relationship expressed as: D ≧ K[50/T-90].sup.3 wherein D is time in hours and T is temperature in degrees Celsius, and wherein K is preferably at least about 0.5, more preferably at least about 5, and most preferably at least about 25.
Inventors
- 👤 James K. Kindig
- 👤 Ronald L. Turner
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 11:18
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10L; C10L9/00; C10L9/10; C10L9/02
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 44
Claim 1
Independent Claim
111 words
In a process for improving coal wherein raw coal is treated with a metal containing compound in order to enhance the magnetic susceptibility of one or more impurities susceptible to the metal containing compound treatment, thereby permitting the removal of these impurities by magnetic separation, the improvement comprising: pretreating the coal by heating it to at least a temperature for at least a period of time sufficient to essentially meet or exceed a time and temperature relationship expressed as: D ≧ K(50/T-90).sup.3 wherein D is time in hours and T is temperature in degrees Celsius and is not less than about 95° C., and wherein K is at least about 0.5.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
111 words
In a process for improving coal wherein raw coal is treated with a metal containing compound in order to enhance the magnetic susceptibility of one or more impurities susceptible to the metal containing compound treatment, thereby permitting the removal of these impurities by magnetic separation, the improvement comprising: pretreating the coal by heating it to at least a temperature for at least a period of time sufficient to essentially meet or exceed a time and temperature relationship expressed as: D ≧ K(50/T-90).sup.3 wherein D is time in hours and T is temperature in degrees Celsius and is not less than about 95° C., and wherein K is at least about 0.5.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the said metal containing compound is an organic iron containing compound.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
42 words
The process of claim 2 wherein the said organic iron containing compound is capable of exerting sufficient vapor pressure, with iron as a component in the vapor, so as to bring the iron into contact with the impurity at the reaction temperature.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 3 wherein the said organic iron containing compound is selected from the group consisting of ferrocene, ferrocene derivatives, and beta-diketone compounds of iron.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 4 wherein the said organic iron containing compound is one or more members selected from the group consisting of ferrocene, dimethyl ferrocenedioate, 1,1'-ferrocenedicarboxylic acid, ferric acetylacetonate, and ferrous acetylacetonate.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said metal containing compound is an inorganic iron containing compound.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said metal containing compound comprises one or more members selected from the group consisting of iron carbonyl, nickel carbonyl, cobalt carbonyl, molybdenum carbonyl, tungsten carbonyl, and chromium carbonyl.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said metal containing compound comprises iron carbonyl.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 8 wherein said iron carbonyl is iron pentacarbonyl.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
38 words
The process of claim 9 wherein the iron pentacarbonyl treatment is conducted within a temperature range of from about 150° C. to about 200° C. for a period of time of from about one-half to about four hours.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 1 wherein K is at least about 5.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 1 wherein K is at least about 25.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the pretreatment is performed at a temperature of at least 150° C.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the pretreatment is performed at a temperature of at least 170° C.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the duration of the pretreatment is at least 1 hour.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the duration of the pretreatment is at least 2 hours.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the pretreatment is conducted in the presence of one or more gaseous additives.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
30 words
The process of claim 17 wherein the said gaseous additives are selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, steam, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ammonia, methane, air, ethane, propane, and butane.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 17 wherein the gaseous additive is steam.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process of claim 17 wherein the said gaseous additive is a hydrocarbon compound in the gaseous state at the pretreatment temperature.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
30 words
The process of claim 17 wherein the said gaseous additives are employed in an amount of at least 1.2 cubic meters per hour per metric ton of coal being processed.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 2 wherein the said organic iron containing compound has a solubility of at least about 1 gram per liter at the pretreatment temperature.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process of claim 22 wherein the said compound has a solubility of at least 10 grams per liter at injection temperature.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
32 words
The process of claim 22 wherein the solvent for the organic iron containing compound is one or more members selected from the group consisting of acetone, petroleum ether, naphtha, hexane, and benzene.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the impurities comprise pyrite and ash-forming minerals.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 25 wherein the impurity comprises ash-forming minerals.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 25 wherein the impurity comprises pyrite.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
102 words
In a process for improving coal wherein raw coal is treated with iron carbonyl in order to enhance the magnetic susceptibility of one or more impurities, thereby permitting the removal of these impurities by magnetic separation, the improvement comprising: pretreating the coal by heating it to at least a temperature for at least a period of time sufficient to essentially meet or exceed a time and temperature relationship expressed as: D ≧ K(50/T-90).sup.3 wherein D is time in hours and T is temperature in degrees Celsius and is not less than about 95° C., and wherein K is at least about 0.5.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
102 words
In a process for improving coal wherein raw coal is treated with iron carbonyl in order to enhance the magnetic susceptibility of one or more impurities, thereby permitting the removal of these impurities by magnetic separation, the improvement comprising: pretreating the coal by heating it to at least a temperature for at least a period of time sufficient to essentially meet or exceed a time and temperature relationship expressed as: D ≧ K(50/T-90).sup.3 wherein D is time in hours and T is temperature in degrees Celsius and is not less than about 95° C., and wherein K is at least about 0.5.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 28 wherein K is at least about 5.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 28 wherein K is at least about 25.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 28 wherein the pretreatment is performed at a temperature of at least 150° C.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 28 wherein the pretreatment is performed at a temperature of at least 170° C.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 28 wherein the duration of the pretreatment is at least 1 hour.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 28 wherein the duration of the pretreatment is at least 2 hours.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 28 wherein the pretreatment is conducted in the presence of one or more gaseous additives.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
30 words
The process of claim 35 wherein the said gaseous additives are selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, steam, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ammonia, methane, air, ethane, propane, and butane.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 35 wherein the gaseous additive is steam.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process of claim 35 wherein the said gaseous additive is a hydrocarbon compound in the gaseous state at the pretreatment temperature.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
30 words
The process of claim 35 wherein the said gaseous additives are employed in an amount of at least 1.2 cubic meters per hour per metric ton of coal being processed.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 28 wherein the impurities comprise pyrite and ash-forming minerals.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 40 wherein the impurity comprises pyrite.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 40 wherein the impurity comprises ash-forming minerals.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1981-10-16 | 1982-04-17 | 1982-10-17 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-10-16 | 1986-04-17 | 1986-10-17 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-10-16 | 1990-04-17 | 1990-10-17 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |