US4316792A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Hydroliquefaction of coal
Assignee: Lummus Technology LLC
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Filing: 1979-12-21
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Granted: 1982-02-23
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Expires: 1999-12-21
Abstract
Abstract Coal is catalytically hydroliquefied by passing coal dispersed in a liquefaction solvent and hydrogen upwardly through a plurality of parallel expanded catalyst beds, in a single reactor, in separate streams, each having a cross-sectional flow area of no greater than 255 inches square, with each of the streams through each of the catalyst beds having a length and a liquid and gas superficial velocity to maintain an expanded catalyst bed and provide a Peclet Number of at least 3. If recycle is employed, the ratio of recycle to total feed (coal and liquefaction solvent) is no greater than 2:1, based on volume. Such conditions provide for improved selectivity to liquid product to thereby reduce hydrogen consumption. The plurality of beds are formed by partitions in the reactor.
Inventors
- 👤 Morgan C. Sze
- 👤 Harvey D. Schindler
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 20:48
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10G; C10G1/00; C10G1/08; C10G1/083
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 23
Claim 1
Independent Claim
125 words
A process for the catalytic hydroliquefaction of coal, comprising: catalytically hydroliquefying the coal by passing the coal dispersed in a coal liquefaction solvent and hydrogen upwardly through at least one reactor having at least two parallel expanded hydroliquefaction catalyst beds, said passing being in separate streams through each bed, each stream through each bed having a cross-sectional flow area of no greater than 255 square inches, each of said streams through each catalyst bed having a length and a liquid and gas superficial velocity to maintain an expanded catalyst bed and provide a Peclet Number of at least 3, said hydroliquefaction being effected with a ratio of hydroliquefaction product recycle to total hydroliquefaction feed to the at least one reactor of from 0:1 to 2:1.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
125 words
A process for the catalytic hydroliquefaction of coal, comprising: catalytically hydroliquefying the coal by passing the coal dispersed in a coal liquefaction solvent and hydrogen upwardly through at least one reactor having at least two parallel expanded hydroliquefaction catalyst beds, said passing being in separate streams through each bed, each stream through each bed having a cross-sectional flow area of no greater than 255 square inches, each of said streams through each catalyst bed having a length and a liquid and gas superficial velocity to maintain an expanded catalyst bed and provide a Peclet Number of at least 3, said hydroliquefaction being effected with a ratio of hydroliquefaction product recycle to total hydroliquefaction feed to the at least one reactor of from 0:1 to 2:1.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the Peclet Number is at least 10.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the cross-sectional flow area is at least 10 square inches.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 3 wherein the cross-sectional flow area is at least 28 square inches.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
71 words
The process of claim 3 wherein the hydroliquefaction is effected by passage through at least two reactors in series, each of which has at least two catalyst beds in parallel through which said stream has a cross-sectional flow area of no greater than 255 square inches, and a length and a liquid and gas superficial velocity to maintain an expanded catalyst bed and provide a Peclet Number of at least 3.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 5 wherein the hydroliquefaction is effected with sufficient catalyst beds in series, to limit the temperature increase in each of the catalyst beds to no greater than 150° F.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 3 wherein the hydroliquefaction is effected without internal recycle to the catalyst bed.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
37 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the total hydrogen consumption for the hydroliquefaction is from 2 to 4 lbs. of hydrogen per 100 lbs. of coal to achieve at least 90% conversion of moisture ash free coal.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process of claim 8 wherein the ratio of hydroliquefaction product recycle to total hydroliquefaction feed is from 0.2:1 to 1:1.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
29 words
The process of claim 8 wherein the hydroliquefaction is effected at a temperature of from 650° F. to 900° F. and a pressure of from 1800 to 3000 psig.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
48 words
The process of claim 5 wherein the hydroliquefaction is effected without internal recycle to the catalyst beds, and the hydrogen consumption for the hydroliquefaction is from 2 to 4 lbs. of hydrogen per 100 lbs. of coal to achieve at least 90% conversion of moisture ash free coal.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 5 wherein each reactor has a cross-sectional flow area of at least 65 ft 2 .
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 8 wherein each reactor has a cross-sectional flow area of at least 65 ft 2 .
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 11 wherein each reactor has a cross-sectional flow area of at least 65 ft 2 .
Claim 16
Independent Claim
90 words
A system for the catalytic hydroliquefaction of coal in an expanded catalyst bed, comprising: at least two hydroliquefaction reactors connected in series, each of said at least two reactors including at least two parallel flow passages containing expanded catalyst beds, each of the flow passages providing for flow therethrough in a stream having a cross-sectional flow area of no greater than 255 square inches and a flow length whereby the superficial velocities of gas and liquid maintain the expanded catalyst bed and provide a Peclet Number of at least 3.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
90 words
A system for the catalytic hydroliquefaction of coal in an expanded catalyst bed, comprising: at least two hydroliquefaction reactors connected in series, each of said at least two reactors including at least two parallel flow passages containing expanded catalyst beds, each of the flow passages providing for flow therethrough in a stream having a cross-sectional flow area of no greater than 255 square inches and a flow length whereby the superficial velocities of gas and liquid maintain the expanded catalyst bed and provide a Peclet Number of at least 3.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
16 words
The system of claim 15 wherein the cross-sectional flow area is at least 10 square inches.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
16 words
The system of claim 16 wherein the cross-sectional flow area is at least 28 square inches.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
13 words
The system of claim 16 wherein the Peclet Number is at least 10.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
22 words
The system of claim 16 wherein each of said reactors is free of means for providing internal recycle to the catalyst bed.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
19 words
The system of claim 15 wherein each reactor has a cross-sectional area of at least 65 ft. 2 .
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
19 words
The system of claim 19 wherein each reactor has a cross-sectional area of at least 65 ft. 2 .
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1985-02-22 | 1985-08-24 | 1986-02-23 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1989-02-22 | 1989-08-24 | 1990-02-23 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1993-02-22 | 1993-08-24 | 1994-02-23 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |