Patent US4307971A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4307971A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Sideshift erase apparatus and method for impact printers
Assignee: IBM Information Products Corp
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Filing: 1979-11-21
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Granted: 1981-12-29
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Expires: 1999-11-21
Abstract
Abstract Erase apparatus for a typewriter utilizes a special double strike technique to permit quality erasures at normal character overstrike accuracies. The unwanted character is overstruck first slightly to one side and then slightly to the other side in the escapement direction. A preferred range to achieve apparently complete erasures occurs at sideshift distances between two and twenty percent of an average character escapement. In a presently preferred implementation, position codes are produced which cause the normal typewriter escapement apparatus to move the type carrier to the special striking positions for erasing.
Inventors
- 👤 Milburn H. Kane, III
- 👤 Thomas M. Paulson
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 23:56
CPC Classifications
B; B41; B41J; B41J29/00; B41J29/26; B41J29/32; B41J29/34; B41J29/36
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 22
Claim 1
Independent Claim
268 words
In a typewriter including a wheel having type characters, a platen, a type ribbon interposed between said element(s) and said platen, a signal actuated hammer apparatus for driving a type character positioned at a striking site toward said platen to print a character, means for causing relative motion between said wheel and said platen along an escapement axis, which motion defines character printing positions at measured escapement increments, apparatus for effecting erasure of an unwanted printed character resulting from a hammer apparatus actuation at a respective character printing position comprising: means for identifying a corresponding type character and a character printing position for erase; means responsive to said identifying means for causing the identified type character to be moved to a striking site corresponding to said identified character printing position; means for causing relative motion between said wheel and said platen to establish a first erase overstrike position slightly offset to one side of said identified character printing position and a second erase overstrike position slightly offset to the other side of said identified character printing position relative to the escapement axis, whereby the erase overstrikes overlap to some degree each other and together the whole of the unwanted printed character; means for supplying an activating signal to said hammer apparatus at said each of said erase overstrike positions; signal responsive ribbon displacement means for positioning an erase ribbon between said wheel and said platen; and means for triggering said ribbon displacement at least during activation of said hammer at said erase positions to interpose said ribbon between said platen and said wheel, whereby an erasure is effected.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
268 words
In a typewriter including a wheel having type characters, a platen, a type ribbon interposed between said element(s) and said platen, a signal actuated hammer apparatus for driving a type character positioned at a striking site toward said platen to print a character, means for causing relative motion between said wheel and said platen along an escapement axis, which motion defines character printing positions at measured escapement increments, apparatus for effecting erasure of an unwanted printed character resulting from a hammer apparatus actuation at a respective character printing position comprising: means for identifying a corresponding type character and a character printing position for erase; means responsive to said identifying means for causing the identified type character to be moved to a striking site corresponding to said identified character printing position; means for causing relative motion between said wheel and said platen to establish a first erase overstrike position slightly offset to one side of said identified character printing position and a second erase overstrike position slightly offset to the other side of said identified character printing position relative to the escapement axis, whereby the erase overstrikes overlap to some degree each other and together the whole of the unwanted printed character; means for supplying an activating signal to said hammer apparatus at said each of said erase overstrike positions; signal responsive ribbon displacement means for positioning an erase ribbon between said wheel and said platen; and means for triggering said ribbon displacement at least during activation of said hammer at said erase positions to interpose said ribbon between said platen and said wheel, whereby an erasure is effected.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
22 words
An erasure apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said hammer apparatus has individual solenoids that are actuated at respective erase overstrike positions.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
41 words
Erasure apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said relative motion causing means is a circuit cooperating with said escapement means, which circuit includes means for producing signals to command said escapement means to position said wheel at said erase overstrike positions.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
30 words
Erasure apparatus according to claim 2 wherein a carrier supports said wheel and said relative motion causing means is a mechanism that shifts said wheel in relation to said carrier.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
262 words
For use in an impact printer of the kind having at least one element that bears type for various characters, a paper holder, and means for producing relative movement between the type element(s) and the paper holder along an escapement axis to establish discrete character printing positions along a print line, which positions are defined in producing character imprints and are characterized by separation distance(s) selected from a predefined set thereof respective of the printed characters, apparatus for erasing an unwanted single-impact character imprint existing at a character printing position comprising: means for producing an erase signal identifying as an erasure position said character printing position of said unwanted single-impact character imprint; means for selecting a type character for erasure that corresponds to the unwanted single-impact character imprint; shifting means, responsive to said erase signal, for causing relative movement along the escapement axis between said type element(s) and said paper holder to establish a first erase strike position that is shifted to one side of the erasure position and then to establish a second erase strike position shifted to the other side of the erasure position, the strike position shifts being small in relation to the average of said set of separation distances; and means cooperating with said shifting means for producing movement to impact the selected type character with the paper holder at the first and second erase strike position, which character impacts overlap, whereby the erase strokes overlap to some degree each other and together the whole of said unwanted character imprint to effect erasure of said unwanted character imprint.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
262 words
For use in an impact printer of the kind having at least one element that bears type for various characters, a paper holder, and means for producing relative movement between the type element(s) and the paper holder along an escapement axis to establish discrete character printing positions along a print line, which positions are defined in producing character imprints and are characterized by separation distance(s) selected from a predefined set thereof respective of the printed characters, apparatus for erasing an unwanted single-impact character imprint existing at a character printing position comprising: means for producing an erase signal identifying as an erasure position said character printing position of said unwanted single-impact character imprint; means for selecting a type character for erasure that corresponds to the unwanted single-impact character imprint; shifting means, responsive to said erase signal, for causing relative movement along the escapement axis between said type element(s) and said paper holder to establish a first erase strike position that is shifted to one side of the erasure position and then to establish a second erase strike position shifted to the other side of the erasure position, the strike position shifts being small in relation to the average of said set of separation distances; and means cooperating with said shifting means for producing movement to impact the selected type character with the paper holder at the first and second erase strike position, which character impacts overlap, whereby the erase strokes overlap to some degree each other and together the whole of said unwanted character imprint to effect erasure of said unwanted character imprint.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
44 words
Erase apparatus according to claim 5 but further including an erase ribbon and means for moving the erase ribbon to be between the selected type character and the paper holder, at least during character impact intervals at the first and second erase strike positions.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
35 words
Erase apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said average is one-tenth of an inch and said erase strike positions are within a distance from said character printing position that is between 0.002 and 0.02 inches.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
26 words
Erase apparatus according to claim 7 wherein the means for producing an erase signal and the means for selecting a type character include manually operated keys.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
225 words
In an impact printer having means for supporting type characters, a paper holder for retaining an imprint receiving medium and means for causing relative motion between said element(s) and said paper holder along an escapement axis which motion defines character printing positions along a line at measured escapement increments, apparatus for use in effecting an erasure of an unwanted single stroke character imprint, on said receiving medium, at a character printing position that corresponds to one of said type characters comprising: means for producing an erase command signal corresponding to the character printing position of said unwanted single stroke character imprint; means for producing a selection signal representing said type character corresponding to the single-stroke character imprint; means responsive to said selection and erase signals for automatically positioning said type supporting means to have strike positions a small fraction of a single character escapement to either side of said character printing position, said positioning means including means for selecting the type character corresponding to the selection signal and for striking that type character at both erase positions, whereby the erase strokes overlap to some degree each other and together the whole of the character imprint to be erased; and means for interposing an imprint erase material between said type character and said receiving medium, whereby an erasure of said single-stroke character imprint may be effected.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
225 words
In an impact printer having means for supporting type characters, a paper holder for retaining an imprint receiving medium and means for causing relative motion between said element(s) and said paper holder along an escapement axis which motion defines character printing positions along a line at measured escapement increments, apparatus for use in effecting an erasure of an unwanted single stroke character imprint, on said receiving medium, at a character printing position that corresponds to one of said type characters comprising: means for producing an erase command signal corresponding to the character printing position of said unwanted single stroke character imprint; means for producing a selection signal representing said type character corresponding to the single-stroke character imprint; means responsive to said selection and erase signals for automatically positioning said type supporting means to have strike positions a small fraction of a single character escapement to either side of said character printing position, said positioning means including means for selecting the type character corresponding to the selection signal and for striking that type character at both erase positions, whereby the erase strokes overlap to some degree each other and together the whole of the character imprint to be erased; and means for interposing an imprint erase material between said type character and said receiving medium, whereby an erasure of said single-stroke character imprint may be effected.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
32 words
Erasure apparatus according to claim 9 wherein said strike positions are located between 2/100 to 20/100 of an escapement increment for a single character on either side of said character printing position.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
260 words
In a typewriter having at least one character-bearing type element, a platen for holding a receiving medium, a type ribbon interposed between said element(s) and said platen, means for driving said element(s) toward said platen to print a character, escapement means for causing relative motion between said element(s) and said platen along an escapement axis, which motion defines character printing positions at measured escapement increments, apparatus for effecting erasure of a single-stroke printed character occurring at a corresponding one of said character printing positions, said apparatus comprising: means for producing an erase command signal corresponding to said one character printing position; means for producing a code representing a type character corresponding to said printed character; means responsive to said code for causing selection movement of the erase character; erase positioning means for causing relative motion between said element(s) and said platen to establish erase overstrike positions slightly to one side of an then slightly to the other side of said one character printing position, relative to the escapement axis; means for activating said element driving means at first and second erase overstrike positions to strike said selected type character at said platen, whereby the erase strokes overlap to some degree each other and together the whole of the character to be erased; signal responsive ribbon displacement means for interposing an erase ribbon between said type character and said platen; and means for triggering said ribbon displacement means at least during activation of said element driving means at said erase positions, whereby an erasure of said single-stroke printed character is effected.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
260 words
In a typewriter having at least one character-bearing type element, a platen for holding a receiving medium, a type ribbon interposed between said element(s) and said platen, means for driving said element(s) toward said platen to print a character, escapement means for causing relative motion between said element(s) and said platen along an escapement axis, which motion defines character printing positions at measured escapement increments, apparatus for effecting erasure of a single-stroke printed character occurring at a corresponding one of said character printing positions, said apparatus comprising: means for producing an erase command signal corresponding to said one character printing position; means for producing a code representing a type character corresponding to said printed character; means responsive to said code for causing selection movement of the erase character; erase positioning means for causing relative motion between said element(s) and said platen to establish erase overstrike positions slightly to one side of an then slightly to the other side of said one character printing position, relative to the escapement axis; means for activating said element driving means at first and second erase overstrike positions to strike said selected type character at said platen, whereby the erase strokes overlap to some degree each other and together the whole of the character to be erased; signal responsive ribbon displacement means for interposing an erase ribbon between said type character and said platen; and means for triggering said ribbon displacement means at least during activation of said element driving means at said erase positions, whereby an erasure of said single-stroke printed character is effected.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
223 words
In a typewriter having at least one type-character bearing element, a platen, a type ribbon interposed between said element and said platen, means for driving the said element(s) toward the platen to print a character, means for causing relative escapement movement between said element(s) and said platen that defines character positions along a line at measured escapement increments, apparatus for effecting erasure of single-stroke printed character comprising: means for producing an erase command signal corresponding to the position of the single-stroke printed character; means for producing a code representing the individual single-stroke printed character; means responsive to said erase command for causing a relative motion to a first erase position a small fraction of an escapement increment to one side and to a second erase position a small fraction of an escapement increment to the other side of the position of said single-stroke printed character; means for displacing said type ribbon to an erase position and for displacing an erase ribbon to be interposed between said element and said platen in response to the erase command; means responsive to said code for selecting the corresponding type character; and means for driving said element to said platen at said first and second erase positions, whereby the erase strokes overlap to some degree each other and together the whole of the character to be erased.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
223 words
In a typewriter having at least one type-character bearing element, a platen, a type ribbon interposed between said element and said platen, means for driving the said element(s) toward the platen to print a character, means for causing relative escapement movement between said element(s) and said platen that defines character positions along a line at measured escapement increments, apparatus for effecting erasure of single-stroke printed character comprising: means for producing an erase command signal corresponding to the position of the single-stroke printed character; means for producing a code representing the individual single-stroke printed character; means responsive to said erase command for causing a relative motion to a first erase position a small fraction of an escapement increment to one side and to a second erase position a small fraction of an escapement increment to the other side of the position of said single-stroke printed character; means for displacing said type ribbon to an erase position and for displacing an erase ribbon to be interposed between said element and said platen in response to the erase command; means responsive to said code for selecting the corresponding type character; and means for driving said element to said platen at said first and second erase positions, whereby the erase strokes overlap to some degree each other and together the whole of the character to be erased.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
156 words
A method for erasing a printed character produced at a single character position along a type line on a receiving medium by a single character printing operation of a printing unit, said erasing method comprising: positioning said print unit to strike said character at a first area that overlaps but is slightly offset to one side of the area of said printed character; positioning an erase medium between said type character and said printing character; striking said character against said receiving medium and the interposed erase medium at said first area; repositioning said print unit to strike at a second area that overlaps but is slightly offset to the other side of the area of said printed character position; and striking said character against said receiving medium and the interposed erase medium at said second area, whereby the erase strokes overlap to some degree each other and together the whole of the character to be erased.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
156 words
A method for erasing a printed character produced at a single character position along a type line on a receiving medium by a single character printing operation of a printing unit, said erasing method comprising: positioning said print unit to strike said character at a first area that overlaps but is slightly offset to one side of the area of said printed character; positioning an erase medium between said type character and said printing character; striking said character against said receiving medium and the interposed erase medium at said first area; repositioning said print unit to strike at a second area that overlaps but is slightly offset to the other side of the area of said printed character position; and striking said character against said receiving medium and the interposed erase medium at said second area, whereby the erase strokes overlap to some degree each other and together the whole of the character to be erased.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method according to claim 13 wherein said first and second areas are offset from the printed character respective distances that are greater than 0.002 inches and less than 0.02 inches.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 13 wherein the erasing medium includes a transfer material corresponding in color to said receiving medium.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method according to claim 13 wherein the erasing medium includes an adhesive ink lift-off material.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-12-28 | 1985-06-29 | 1985-12-29 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-12-28 | 1989-06-29 | 1989-12-29 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-12-28 | 1993-06-29 | 1993-12-29 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |