US4306883A
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US
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Process for forming coal-oil mixtures under selected conditions of temperature and shear
Assignee: GULD & WESTERN MANUFACTURING Co A CORP OF DE
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Filing: 1981-01-29
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Granted: 1981-12-22
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Expires: 2001-01-29
Abstract
Abstract An improved technique is provided for forming coal into a stabilized coal-oil mixture. Coal, in a fine mesh size, is admixed with oil, a monomeric compound, a reaction initiator and a reaction catalyst at elevated temperatures and under a condition of low shear. The coal mixture is thereafter immediately subjected to a condition of high shear at the maintained elevated temperature. The mixture is then admixed with a gelling agent to form a stable coal-oil mixture. According to the technique, coal of significantly greater water content than heretofore thought acceptable, is formed to a stable coal-oil mixture in a ready manner. In addition, the amount of monomeric compound heretofore thought needed to form the desired stable mixture is substantially reduced, resulting in improved process efficiency. In its preferred aspect, the process is adapted to treat raw coal which has first been subjected to pulverization, chemical surface treatment, separation from ash and sulfur, and drying. The raw coal thus processed is thereafter formed into the coal-oil mixture in the form of a stable mixture using the described technique.
Inventors
- 👤 Carl E. Eckman
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 01:11
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10L; C10L1/00; C10L1/32; C10L1/322
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 32
Claim 1
Independent Claim
101 words
A method for forming a stabilized coal-oil mixture, comprising: (a) admixing a coal with an oil, a monomeric compound and at least one chemical surface treatment agent to form a coal-oil mixture; (b) heating said coal-oil mixture to an elevated temperature; (c) subjecting said coal-oil mixture to a condition of low shear at said elevated temperature to form a low sheared coal-oil mixture; (d) subjecting said low sheared coal-oil mixture to a condition of high shear to form a high sheared coal-oil mixture; and (e) admixing at least one gelling agent into said coal-oil mixture to form a stabilized coal-oil mixture.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
101 words
A method for forming a stabilized coal-oil mixture, comprising: (a) admixing a coal with an oil, a monomeric compound and at least one chemical surface treatment agent to form a coal-oil mixture; (b) heating said coal-oil mixture to an elevated temperature; (c) subjecting said coal-oil mixture to a condition of low shear at said elevated temperature to form a low sheared coal-oil mixture; (d) subjecting said low sheared coal-oil mixture to a condition of high shear to form a high sheared coal-oil mixture; and (e) admixing at least one gelling agent into said coal-oil mixture to form a stabilized coal-oil mixture.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said elevated temperature in step (b) is between about 145° and 195° F.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 1 wherein in step (c) said condition of low shear is less than about 1000 reciprocal seconds.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 1 wherein in step (d) said condition of high shear is greater than about 1000 reciprocal seconds.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
46 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said coal admixed in step (a) is a treated coal formed by the reaction of a second monomeric compound with a raw coal in the presence of at least one second chemical surface treatment agent and a liquid organic carrier.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said monomeric compound is added in step (a) in an amount of from about 0.2% to about 5%, based on the total weight of the coal-oil mixture.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said monomeric compound is added in step (a) in an amount of from about 1.0% to about 3%, based on the total weight of the coal-oil mixture.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
145 words
A method for forming a stabilized coal-oil mixture, comprising: (a) admixing a treated coal product with an oil, a monomeric compound and at least one chemical surface treatment agent to form a coal-oil mixture, said treated coal product being formed by the reaction of a second monomeric compound with a raw coal in the presence of at least one second chemical surface treatment agent and a liquid organic carrier, in the presence of an aqueous medium; (b) heating said coal-oil mixture to an elevated temperature; (c) subjecting said coal-oil mixture to a condition of low shear at said elevated temperature to form a low sheared coal-oil mixture; (d) subjecting said low sheared coal-oil mixture to a condition of high shear to form a high sheared coal-oil mixture; and (e) admixing at least one gelling agent into said coal-oil mixture to form a stabilized coal-oil mixture.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
145 words
A method for forming a stabilized coal-oil mixture, comprising: (a) admixing a treated coal product with an oil, a monomeric compound and at least one chemical surface treatment agent to form a coal-oil mixture, said treated coal product being formed by the reaction of a second monomeric compound with a raw coal in the presence of at least one second chemical surface treatment agent and a liquid organic carrier, in the presence of an aqueous medium; (b) heating said coal-oil mixture to an elevated temperature; (c) subjecting said coal-oil mixture to a condition of low shear at said elevated temperature to form a low sheared coal-oil mixture; (d) subjecting said low sheared coal-oil mixture to a condition of high shear to form a high sheared coal-oil mixture; and (e) admixing at least one gelling agent into said coal-oil mixture to form a stabilized coal-oil mixture.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
30 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said coal in said coal-oil mixture is in an amount of about 50 percent by weight, based on the weight of the mixture.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said chemical surface treatment agent is a reaction catalyst comprising hydrogen peroxide or benzoyl peroxide.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
32 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said chemical surface treatment agent is a reaction initiator selected from the group consisting essentially of cupric nitrate, cobalt nitrate, cubric naphthenate and cobalt naphthenate.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said condition of high shear in step (d) is made to occur immediately following said condition of low shear in step (c).
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said monomeric compound is an unsaturated organic compound.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
119 words
A method according to claim 13 wherein said unsaturated organic compound is a monomer comprised of a compound having the formula ##STR2## wherein R is an olefinically unsaturated organic radical, and R' is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a salt forming cation, a saturated or ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbyl radical, said hydrocarbyl radical being unsubstituted or substituted with one or more members selected from the group consisting of halogen, carboxylic acid groups, hydroxyl groups, and hydroxyl groups in which the hydroxyl hydrogen atom is replaced with a saturated or unsaturated acyl group or a combination of saturated and unsaturated acyl groups, and said surface treatment agent is comprised of a free radical catalyst and a free radical initiator.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
13 words
A method according to claim 14 wherein said monomeric compound is tall oil.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein a liquid organic carrier is added in step (a).
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method according to claim 16 wherein said liquid organic carrier is selected from the group consisting essentially of #2 fuel oil and #6 fuel oil.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
13 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said gelling agent is a base.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method according to claim 18 wherein said base is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
105 words
A method for forming a stabilized coal-oil mixture, comprising: (a) admixing a coal product with a fuel oil, tall oil, benzoyl peroxide and cupric nitrate to form a coal-oil mixture; (b) heating said coal-oil mixture to about 175° to 190° F.; (c) subjecting said coal-oil mixture to a condition of low shear at said elevated temperature to form a low sheared coal-oil mixture; (d) subjecting said low sheared coal-oil mixture to a condition of high shear at said elevated temperature to form a high sheared coal-oil mixture; and (e) admixing said high sheared coal-oil mixture with a hydrogen peroxide to form a stabilized coal-oil mixture.
Claim 23
Independent Claim
105 words
A method for forming a stabilized coal-oil mixture, comprising: (a) admixing a coal product with a fuel oil, tall oil, benzoyl peroxide and cupric nitrate to form a coal-oil mixture; (b) heating said coal-oil mixture to about 175° to 190° F.; (c) subjecting said coal-oil mixture to a condition of low shear at said elevated temperature to form a low sheared coal-oil mixture; (d) subjecting said low sheared coal-oil mixture to a condition of high shear at said elevated temperature to form a high sheared coal-oil mixture; and (e) admixing said high sheared coal-oil mixture with a hydrogen peroxide to form a stabilized coal-oil mixture.
Claim 24
Independent Claim
199 words
A method for forming coal-oil mixture comprising: (a) introducing a raw coal into a pulverization zone to form a pulverized coal; (b) introducing said pulverized coal to a chemical surface treatment and separation zone wherein said pulverized coal is reacted with a first monomeric compound, a first reaction initiator and a first reaction catalyst, and a liquid organic carrier in the presence of an aqueous medium and is separated from ash and sulfur to form a cleaned coal stream; (c) introducing said cleaned coal stream into a drying zone wherein a powdered coal stream is formed; (d) admixing said powdered coal stream of step (c) with a liquid organic carrier, a second monomeric compound, a second reaction catalyst, and a second reaction initiator to form a coal-oil mixture; (e) heating said coal-oil mixture to an elevated temperature; (f) subjecting said coal-oil mixture to a condition of low shear at said elevated temperature to form a low sheared coal-oil mixture; (g) subjecting said low sheared coal-oil mixture to a condition of high shear to form a high sheared coal-oil mixture; and (h) admixing at least one gelling agent into said high sheared coal-oil mixture to form a stabilized coal-oil mixture.
Claim 25
Independent Claim
199 words
A method for forming coal-oil mixture comprising: (a) introducing a raw coal into a pulverization zone to form a pulverized coal; (b) introducing said pulverized coal to a chemical surface treatment and separation zone wherein said pulverized coal is reacted with a first monomeric compound, a first reaction initiator and a first reaction catalyst, and a liquid organic carrier in the presence of an aqueous medium and is separated from ash and sulfur to form a cleaned coal stream; (c) introducing said cleaned coal stream into a drying zone wherein a powdered coal stream is formed; (d) admixing said powdered coal stream of step (c) with a liquid organic carrier, a second monomeric compound, a second reaction catalyst, and a second reaction initiator to form a coal-oil mixture; (e) heating said coal-oil mixture to an elevated temperature; (f) subjecting said coal-oil mixture to a condition of low shear at said elevated temperature to form a low sheared coal-oil mixture; (g) subjecting said low sheared coal-oil mixture to a condition of high shear to form a high sheared coal-oil mixture; and (h) admixing at least one gelling agent into said high sheared coal-oil mixture to form a stabilized coal-oil mixture.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 21 wherein in step (b) said monomeric compound is corn oil; said reaction initiator is cupric nitrate; said reaction catalyst is benzoyl peroxide and said liquid organic carrier is #2 fuel oil.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method of claim 21 wherein in step (d) said second monomeric compound is tall oil, said second reaction initiator is benzoyl peroxide, and said second reaction catalyst is cupric nitrate.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
56 words
A stabilized coal-oil mixture comprising: (a) a coal product formed by treating coal in a pulverization zone, a chemical surface treatment and separation zone and a drying zone; (b) an oil product admixed with said coal product, in the presence of a monomeric compound, a reaction initiator and a reaction catalyst; and (c) a gelling agent.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
56 words
A stabilized coal-oil mixture comprising: (a) a coal product formed by treating coal in a pulverization zone, a chemical surface treatment and separation zone and a drying zone; (b) an oil product admixed with said coal product, in the presence of a monomeric compound, a reaction initiator and a reaction catalyst; and (c) a gelling agent.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
11 words
A stabilized coal-oil mixture resulting from the process of claim 1.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
11 words
A stabilized coal-oil mixture resulting from the process of claim 20.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
11 words
A stabilized coal-oil mixture resulting from the process of claim 21.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-12-21 | 1985-06-22 | 1985-12-22 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-12-21 | 1989-06-22 | 1989-12-22 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-12-21 | 1993-06-22 | 1993-12-22 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |