US4101293A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Stabilizing emulsifiers
Assignee: Kraton Chemical LLC
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Filing: 1977-03-30
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Granted: 1978-07-18
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Expires: 1997-03-30
Abstract
Abstract This invention relates to the preparation and use of a novel emulsifier for use in formulating storage stable coal and oil fuel mixtures. The stabilizer is prepared by reacting blends of unsaturated aliphatic and cycloaliphatic carboxylic acids with alkali metal hydroxides or amines. This stabilizing emulsifier allows for the preparation of coal and oil fuel mixtures containing up to 50 parts by weight of coal which possess superior storage stability over wide temperature ranges without the coal settling out, which undergo clean combustion thus reducing the increased air pollution normally associated with the combustion of coal or coal containing fuels and which may be used in conventional oil burning furnaces with a minimum of modification.
Inventors
- 👤 Arthur Waldemar Krause
- 👤 John Korose
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 05:37
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10L; C10L1/00; C10L1/32; C10L1/324; C09; C09K; C09K23/00; C10L1/322; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S516/00; Y10S516/01; Y10S516/06
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 25
Claim 1
Independent Claim
127 words
A storage stable coal and oil fuel mixture comprising (A) from about 0.1 part to about 10 parts of a stabilizing emulsifier comprising reacting at a temperature ranging from about 0° to about 160° C (I) at least one ethylenically unsaturated or ethylenically polyunsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid containing from about 5 to about 36 carbon atoms and mixture thereof with (II) at least one member selected from a group consisting of the salt of an organic carboxylic acid, alkali metal hydroxides and alkanolamines with mixing until the reaction between (I) and (II) is complete and (B) from about 50 parts to about 1 part of pulverized coal and (C) from about 50 parts to about 99 parts of liquid petroleum hydrocarbon fuel oil.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
127 words
A storage stable coal and oil fuel mixture comprising (A) from about 0.1 part to about 10 parts of a stabilizing emulsifier comprising reacting at a temperature ranging from about 0° to about 160° C (I) at least one ethylenically unsaturated or ethylenically polyunsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid containing from about 5 to about 36 carbon atoms and mixture thereof with (II) at least one member selected from a group consisting of the salt of an organic carboxylic acid, alkali metal hydroxides and alkanolamines with mixing until the reaction between (I) and (II) is complete and (B) from about 50 parts to about 1 part of pulverized coal and (C) from about 50 parts to about 99 parts of liquid petroleum hydrocarbon fuel oil.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
20 words
The storage stable fuel mixture according to claim 1 wherein (I) comprises a mixture of ethylenically polyunsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
17 words
The stabilizing emulsifier according to claim 1 wherein (I) comprises a mixture of ethylenically unsaturated cycloaliphatic acids.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
25 words
The stabilizing emulsifier according to claim 1 wherein (I) comprises a mixture of (a) ethylenically polyunsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids and (b) ethylenically unsaturated cycloaliphatic acids.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
26 words
The mixture of acids according to claim 2 wherein the ratio of (a) to (b) may range from 99 to 1 and from 1 to 99.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
13 words
The stabilizing emulsifier according to claim 1 wherein (I) comprises crude tall oil.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
13 words
The stabilizing emulsifier according to claim 1 wherein (I) comprises distilled tall oil.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
12 words
The stabilizing emulsifier according to claim 4 wherein (II) is sodium hydroxide.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
12 words
The stabilizing emulsifier according to claim 4 wherein (II) is potassium hydroxide.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
21 words
The stabilizing emulsifier according to claim 1 wherein (II) is selected from a group consisting of triethanolamine, monoethanolamine, isopropanolamine, and diethanolamine.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
11 words
The stabilizing emulsifier according to claim 7 wherein (II) is triethanolamine.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
21 words
The stabilizing emulsifier according to claim 1 wherein 1 part of (I) is reacted with 2 parts of (II) by weight.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
21 words
The stabilizing emulsifier according to claim 1 wherein 1 part of (I) is reacted with 2 parts of (II) by volume.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
21 words
The storage stable coal and oil fuel mixture according to claim 1 wherein up to 25 parts of water is added.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
95 words
A storage stable coal and oil fuel mixture comprising (A) from about 0.1 parts to about 10 parts of a stabilizing emulsifier comprising reacting at a temperature ranging from about 0° to about 100° C 1 part of (I) crude tall oil with 2 parts of (II) triethanolamine with mixing for a period of time ranging from about 30 seconds to about 3 hours and (B) from about 50 parts to about 1 part of pulverized coal and (C) from about 50 parts to about 99 parts by weight of liquid petroleum hydrocarbon fuel oil.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
95 words
A storage stable coal and oil fuel mixture comprising (A) from about 0.1 parts to about 10 parts of a stabilizing emulsifier comprising reacting at a temperature ranging from about 0° to about 100° C 1 part of (I) crude tall oil with 2 parts of (II) triethanolamine with mixing for a period of time ranging from about 30 seconds to about 3 hours and (B) from about 50 parts to about 1 part of pulverized coal and (C) from about 50 parts to about 99 parts by weight of liquid petroleum hydrocarbon fuel oil.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
21 words
The storage stable coal and oil fuel mixture according to claim 1 wherein up to 25 parts of water is added.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
21 words
The storage stable coal and oil fuel mixture according to claim 10 wherein up to 25 parts of water is added.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
20 words
The combustion of the storage stable coal and oil fuel mixture prepared according to claim 1 to provide heat energy.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
20 words
The combustion of the storage stable coal and oil fuel mixture prepared according to claim 10 to provide heat energy.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
20 words
The combustion of the storage stable coal and oil fuel mixture prepared according to claim 12 to provide heat energy.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
20 words
The combustion of the storage stable coal and oil fuel mixture prepared according to claim 1 to provide heat energy.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
20 words
The combustion of the storage stable coal and oil fuel mixture prepared according to claim 11 to provide heat energy.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
20 words
The combustion of the storage stable coal and oil fuel mixture prepared according to claim 13 to provide heat energy.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1981-07-17 | 1982-01-16 | 1982-07-18 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-07-17 | 1986-01-16 | 1986-07-18 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-07-17 | 1990-01-16 | 1990-07-18 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |