Method for compressing gaseous materials in a contained volume

Claim 1

A method for compressing and encapsulating gaseous materials at elevated pressures in hollow microspheres made from inorganic film forming material which comprises heating said inorganic film forming material, forming a liquid film of said material across an orifice, applying a blowing gas at a positive pressure of above 50 p.s.i.g. to the inner surface of the liquid film to blow the film and form the microsphere, subjecting the microsphere during its formation to an external pulsating or fluctuating pressure field having periodic oscillations, said pulsating or fluctuating pressure field acting on said microsphere to assist in its formation and to assist in detaching the microsphere from said orifice.

Claim 2

A method for compressing and encapsulating gaseous materials at elevated pressures in hollow microspheres made from inorganic film forming material which comprises heating said inorganic film forming material, forming a liquid film of said material across an orifice, applying a blowing gas at a positive pressure of above 50 p.s.i.g. to the inner surface of the liquid film to blow the film and form the microsphere, subjecting the microsphere during its formation to an external pulsating or fluctuating pressure field having periodic oscillations, said pulsating or fluctuating pressure field acting on said microsphere to assist in its formation and to assist in detaching the microsphere from said orifice.

Claim 12

A method for compressing and encapsulating gaseous materials at elevated pressures in filamented, hollow glass microspheres which comprises heating glass to form molten glass, forming a liquid film of molten glass across an orifice of a coaxial blowing nozzle, said blowing nozzle having an inner nozzle to convey said gaseous material as a blowing gas to the inner surface of the liquid film and an outer nozzle to convey molten glass to said orifice, the lower portion of said outer nozzle being tapered inwardly to form with the outer edge of the inner nozzle a fine gap, feeding the molten glass under pressure through said gap and forming said film of molten glass across said orifice of the blowing nozzle, feeding said gaseous material blowing gas through said inner nozzle at a pressure of 100 to 10,000 p.s.i.g. to the inner surface of the liquid film to blow the film downwardly and outwardly to form the microsphere, continuously feeding said molten glass to said outer nozzle while said microsphere is being formed, maintaining a pressure in the area of said blowing nozzle about equal to, but slightly less than the pressure of said blowing gas, directing an entraining fluid at said coaxial blowing nozzle, at a linear velocity in the region of microsphere formation of about 1 to 50 feet per second to obtain connecting glass filaments between microspheres, and at an angle relative to a line drawn through the center axis of said coaxial blowing nozzle, said entraining fluid passing over and around said coaxial blowing nozzle to fluid dynamically induce a pulsating or fluctuating pressure field having periodic oscillations at the opposite or lee side of the blowing nozzle in the wake or shadow of said blowing nozzle, said entraining fluid acting on the microsphere to pinch and close-off the microsphere at a point proximate to the coaxial blowing nozzle and said entraining fluid acting to detach the microsphere from the coaxial blowing nozzle, surface tension forces causing the detached microsphere to form a spherical shape, and cooling, solidifying and hardening said microsphere to obtain microspheres of 500 to 6,000 microns diameter and 0.5 to 400 microns wall thickness, and said microspheres being connected by thin filamented portions that are continuous with the glass microspheres.

Claim 13

A method for compressing and encapsulating gaseous materials at elevated pressures in filamented, hollow glass microspheres which comprises heating glass to form molten glass, forming a liquid film of molten glass across an orifice of a coaxial blowing nozzle, said blowing nozzle having an inner nozzle to convey said gaseous material as a blowing gas to the inner surface of the liquid film and an outer nozzle to convey molten glass to said orifice, the lower portion of said outer nozzle being tapered inwardly to form with the outer edge of the inner nozzle a fine gap, feeding the molten glass under pressure through said gap and forming said film of molten glass across said orifice of the blowing nozzle, feeding said gaseous material blowing gas through said inner nozzle at a pressure of 100 to 10,000 p.s.i.g. to the inner surface of the liquid film to blow the film downwardly and outwardly to form the microsphere, continuously feeding said molten glass to said outer nozzle while said microsphere is being formed, maintaining a pressure in the area of said blowing nozzle about equal to, but slightly less than the pressure of said blowing gas, directing an entraining fluid at said coaxial blowing nozzle, at a linear velocity in the region of microsphere formation of about 1 to 50 feet per second to obtain connecting glass filaments between microspheres, and at an angle relative to a line drawn through the center axis of said coaxial blowing nozzle, said entraining fluid passing over and around said coaxial blowing nozzle to fluid dynamically induce a pulsating or fluctuating pressure field having periodic oscillations at the opposite or lee side of the blowing nozzle in the wake or shadow of said blowing nozzle, said entraining fluid acting on the microsphere to pinch and close-off the microsphere at a point proximate to the coaxial blowing nozzle and said entraining fluid acting to detach the microsphere from the coaxial blowing nozzle, surface tension forces causing the detached microsphere to form a spherical shape, and cooling, solidifying and hardening said microsphere to obtain microspheres of 500 to 6,000 microns diameter and 0.5 to 400 microns wall thickness, and said microspheres being connected by thin filamented portions that are continuous with the glass microspheres.

Claim 20

A method for compressing and encapsulating gaseous material at elevated pressures which comprises forming a liquid film of molten glass across an orifice, feeding said gaseous material as a blowing gas at a positive pressure of above 100 p.s.i.g. to the inner surface of the liquid film to blow the film and form a microsphere, subjecting the microsphere during its formation to a pulsating or fluctuating pressure fluid having periodic oscillations, said pulsating or fluctuating pressure field acting on said microsphere to assist in its formation and to assist in detaching the microspheres from said orifice.

Claim 21

A method for compressing and encapsulating gaseous material at elevated pressures which comprises forming a liquid film of molten glass across an orifice, feeding said gaseous material as a blowing gas at a positive pressure of above 100 p.s.i.g. to the inner surface of the liquid film to blow the film and form a microsphere, subjecting the microsphere during its formation to a pulsating or fluctuating pressure fluid having periodic oscillations, said pulsating or fluctuating pressure field acting on said microsphere to assist in its formation and to assist in detaching the microspheres from said orifice.

Claim 36

A method for compressing and encapsulating gaseous material at elevated pressures of above 100 p.s.i.g. which comprises forming a liquid film of molten glass across an orifice of a coaxial blowing nozzle, said blowing nozzle having an inner nozzle to feed said gaseous material as a blowing gas to the inner surfaces of the liquid film and an outer nozzle to convey said molten glass at a temperature of 2000° to 2800° F. to said orifice, feeding said blowing gas through said inner nozzle at a pressure of above 100 p.s.i.g. to the inner surface of the liquid film to blow the film downwardly and outwardly to form an elongated cylinder shaped liquid film of molten glass which is closed at its outer end and connected at its inner end to the outer edge of the orifice of said blowing nozzle, continuously feeding said molten glass to said nozzle while said elongated cylinder is being formed, maintaining a pressure in the area of said blowing nozzle about equal to, but slightly less than the pressure of said blowing gas, directing entraining fluid at said coaxial blowing nozzle at an angle of 25° to 75°, relative to a line drawn through the center axis of said coaxial blowing nozzle, said entraining fluid passing over and around said coaxial blowing nozzle to fluid dynamically induce a pulsating or fluctuating pressure field having periodic oscillations at the opposite or lee side of the blowing nozzle in the wake or shadow of said blowing nozzle, whereby said entraining fluid envelops and acts on the elongated cylinder to flap, fold, pinch and close-off said elongated cylinder at its inner end at a point proximate to the coaxial blowing nozzle and said entraining fluid acting through drag forces on said cylinder to detach the cylinder from the coaxial blowing nozzle whereby surface tension forces cause the cylinder to form a spherical shape microsphere and rapidly cooling and solidifying said microsphere.

Claim 37

A method for compressing and encapsulating gaseous material at elevated pressures of above 100 p.s.i.g. which comprises forming a liquid film of molten glass across an orifice of a coaxial blowing nozzle, said blowing nozzle having an inner nozzle to feed said gaseous material as a blowing gas to the inner surfaces of the liquid film and an outer nozzle to convey said molten glass at a temperature of 2000° to 2800° F. to said orifice, feeding said blowing gas through said inner nozzle at a pressure of above 100 p.s.i.g. to the inner surface of the liquid film to blow the film downwardly and outwardly to form an elongated cylinder shaped liquid film of molten glass which is closed at its outer end and connected at its inner end to the outer edge of the orifice of said blowing nozzle, continuously feeding said molten glass to said nozzle while said elongated cylinder is being formed, maintaining a pressure in the area of said blowing nozzle about equal to, but slightly less than the pressure of said blowing gas, directing entraining fluid at said coaxial blowing nozzle at an angle of 25° to 75°, relative to a line drawn through the center axis of said coaxial blowing nozzle, said entraining fluid passing over and around said coaxial blowing nozzle to fluid dynamically induce a pulsating or fluctuating pressure field having periodic oscillations at the opposite or lee side of the blowing nozzle in the wake or shadow of said blowing nozzle, whereby said entraining fluid envelops and acts on the elongated cylinder to flap, fold, pinch and close-off said elongated cylinder at its inner end at a point proximate to the coaxial blowing nozzle and said entraining fluid acting through drag forces on said cylinder to detach the cylinder from the coaxial blowing nozzle whereby surface tension forces cause the cylinder to form a spherical shape microsphere and rapidly cooling and solidifying said microsphere.

Claim 50

An apparatus for blowing hollow gas microspheres comprising a coaxial blowing nozzle consisting of an inner nozzle having an inner orifice at the lower end thereof for a blowing gas and means to feed blowing gas to said nozzle at a pressure of above 100 p.s.i.g., and an outer nozzle having an outer orifice for molten glass, said inner nozzle orifice being disposed proximate to said outer orifice, the pressure in the area of said outer nozzle being about equal to, but slightly less than the pressure of said blowing gas, there being disposed external to said blowing nozzle means cooperating with said blowing nozzle by which an entraining fluid is directed at said coaxial blowing nozzle at an angle of 25° to 75° relative to a line drawn through the center axis of said coaxial blowing nozzle such that said entraining fluid dynamically induces a pulsating of fluctuating pressure field having periodic oscillations at the opposite or lee side of the blowing nozzle in the wake or shadow of said blowing nozzle.

Claim 51

An apparatus for blowing hollow gas microspheres comprising a coaxial blowing nozzle consisting of an inner nozzle having an inner orifice at the lower end thereof for a blowing gas and means to feed blowing gas to said nozzle at a pressure of above 100 p.s.i.g., and an outer nozzle having an outer orifice for molten glass, said inner nozzle orifice being disposed proximate to said outer orifice, the pressure in the area of said outer nozzle being about equal to, but slightly less than the pressure of said blowing gas, there being disposed external to said blowing nozzle means cooperating with said blowing nozzle by which an entraining fluid is directed at said coaxial blowing nozzle at an angle of 25° to 75° relative to a line drawn through the center axis of said coaxial blowing nozzle such that said entraining fluid dynamically induces a pulsating of fluctuating pressure field having periodic oscillations at the opposite or lee side of the blowing nozzle in the wake or shadow of said blowing nozzle.

Claim 55

A method for compressing and encapsulating gaseous material at elevated pressures in hollow glass microspheres which comprises forming a liquid film of molten glass across an orifice of a coaxial blowing nozzle, said blowing nozzle having an inner nozzle to convey said gaseous material as a blowing gas to the inner surface of the liquid film and an outer nozzle to convey said molten glass to said orifice, feeding said gaseous material through said inner nozzle at a pressure of above 50 p.s.i.g. to the inner surface of the liquid film to blow the film downwardly and outwardly to form the microsphere, continuously feeding said molten glass to said outer nozzle while said microsphere is being formed, maintaining a pressure in the area of said blowing nozzle about equal to, but slightly less than the pressure of said blowing gas, directing an entraining fluid at said coaxial blowing nozzle at an angle relative to a line drawn through the center axis of said coaxial blowing nozzle, said entraining fluid passing over and around said coaxial blowing nozzle to fluid dynamically induce a pulsating or fluctuating pressure field having periodic oscillations at the opposite or lee side of the blowing nozzle in the wake or shadow of said blowing nozzle, said entraining fluid acting on the microsphere to pinch and close-off the microsphere at a point proximate to the coaxial blowing nozzle and said entraining fluid acting to detach the microsphere from the coaxial blowing nozzle, surface tension forces causing the detached microsphere to form a spherical shape, and cooling and solidifying said microsphere.

Claim 56

A method for compressing and encapsulating gaseous material at elevated pressures in hollow glass microspheres which comprises forming a liquid film of molten glass across an orifice of a coaxial blowing nozzle, said blowing nozzle having an inner nozzle to convey said gaseous material as a blowing gas to the inner surface of the liquid film and an outer nozzle to convey said molten glass to said orifice, feeding said gaseous material through said inner nozzle at a pressure of above 50 p.s.i.g. to the inner surface of the liquid film to blow the film downwardly and outwardly to form the microsphere, continuously feeding said molten glass to said outer nozzle while said microsphere is being formed, maintaining a pressure in the area of said blowing nozzle about equal to, but slightly less than the pressure of said blowing gas, directing an entraining fluid at said coaxial blowing nozzle at an angle relative to a line drawn through the center axis of said coaxial blowing nozzle, said entraining fluid passing over and around said coaxial blowing nozzle to fluid dynamically induce a pulsating or fluctuating pressure field having periodic oscillations at the opposite or lee side of the blowing nozzle in the wake or shadow of said blowing nozzle, said entraining fluid acting on the microsphere to pinch and close-off the microsphere at a point proximate to the coaxial blowing nozzle and said entraining fluid acting to detach the microsphere from the coaxial blowing nozzle, surface tension forces causing the detached microsphere to form a spherical shape, and cooling and solidifying said microsphere.

Claim 59

An apparatus for compressing and encapsulating gaseous material at elevated pressures in inorganic film forming material microspheres, comprising a coaxial blowing nozzle comprising an inner nozzle having an inner orifice at the lower end thereof for said gaseous material and means to feed gaseous material to said nozzle at a pressure of above 50 p.s.i.g., and an outer nozzle having an outer orifice for molten material, and means for feeding said film forming material to said coaxial nozzle, said inner nozzle orifice being disposed proximate to said outer orifice, the pressure in the area of said outer nozzle being about equal to, but slightly less than the pressure of said gaseous material, there being disposed external to said blowing nozzle means cooperating with said blowing nozzle by which there is induced a pulsating or fluctuating pressure field having periodic oscillations at the opposite or lee side of the blowing nozzle in the wake or shadow of said blowing nozzle.

Claim 60

An apparatus for compressing and encapsulating gaseous material at elevated pressures in inorganic film forming material microspheres, comprising a coaxial blowing nozzle comprising an inner nozzle having an inner orifice at the lower end thereof for said gaseous material and means to feed gaseous material to said nozzle at a pressure of above 50 p.s.i.g., and an outer nozzle having an outer orifice for molten material, and means for feeding said film forming material to said coaxial nozzle, said inner nozzle orifice being disposed proximate to said outer orifice, the pressure in the area of said outer nozzle being about equal to, but slightly less than the pressure of said gaseous material, there being disposed external to said blowing nozzle means cooperating with said blowing nozzle by which there is induced a pulsating or fluctuating pressure field having periodic oscillations at the opposite or lee side of the blowing nozzle in the wake or shadow of said blowing nozzle.

Claim 62

An apparatus for compressing the encapsulating gaseous materials at elevated pressure in hollow glass microspheres, comprising a coaxial blowing nozzle comprising an inner nozzle having an inner orifice at the lower end thereof for said gaseous material and means to supply said gaseous material to said nozzle at a pressure of above 50 p.s.i.g. and an outer nozzle having an outer orifice for molten glass, and means for feeding said molten glass to said outer nozzle, said inner nozzle orifice being disposed proximate to said outer nozzle orifice, the pressure in the area of said outer nozzle being about equal to, but slightly less than the pressure of said gaseous material, there being disposed external to said blowing nozzle a transverse jet cooperating with said blowing nozzle by which an entraining fluid is directed at said coaxial blowing nozzle at an angle relative to a line drawn through the center axis of said coaxial blowing nozzle such that said entraining fluid dynamically induces a pulsating or fluctuating pressure field having periodic oscillations at the opposite or lee side of the blowing nozzle in the wake or shadow of said blowing nozzle.

Claim 63

An apparatus for compressing the encapsulating gaseous materials at elevated pressure in hollow glass microspheres, comprising a coaxial blowing nozzle comprising an inner nozzle having an inner orifice at the lower end thereof for said gaseous material and means to supply said gaseous material to said nozzle at a pressure of above 50 p.s.i.g. and an outer nozzle having an outer orifice for molten glass, and means for feeding said molten glass to said outer nozzle, said inner nozzle orifice being disposed proximate to said outer nozzle orifice, the pressure in the area of said outer nozzle being about equal to, but slightly less than the pressure of said gaseous material, there being disposed external to said blowing nozzle a transverse jet cooperating with said blowing nozzle by which an entraining fluid is directed at said coaxial blowing nozzle at an angle relative to a line drawn through the center axis of said coaxial blowing nozzle such that said entraining fluid dynamically induces a pulsating or fluctuating pressure field having periodic oscillations at the opposite or lee side of the blowing nozzle in the wake or shadow of said blowing nozzle.

Claim 68

A method for compressing and encapsulating gaseous materials at elevated pressures in hollow glass microspheres which comprises heating glass to form molten glass, forming a liquid film of molten glass across an orifice of a coaxial blowing nozzle, said blowing nozzle having an inner nozzle to convey said gaseous material as a blowing gas to the inner surface of the liquid film and an outer nozzle to convey molten glass to said orifice, the lower portion of said outer nozzle being tapered inwardly to form with the outer edge of the inner nozzle a fine gap, feeding the molten glass under pressure through said gap and forming said film of molten glass across said orifice of the blowing nozzle, feeding said gaseous material blowing gas through said inner nozzle at a pressure of 100 to 10,000 p.s.i.g. to the inner surface of the liquid film to blow the film downwardly and outwardly to form the microsphere, continuously feeding said molten glass to said outer nozzle while said microsphere is being formed, maintaining a pressure in the area of said blowing nozzle about equal to, but slightly less than the pressure of said blowing gas, directing an entraining fluid at said coaxial blowing nozzle at an angle relative to a line drawn through the center axis of said coaxial blowing nozzle, said entraining fluid passage over and around said coaxial blowing nozzle to fluid dynamically induce a pulsating or fluctuating pressure field having periodic oscillations at the opposite or lee side of the blowing nozzle in the wake or shadow of said blowing nozzle, said entraining fluid acting on the microsphere to pinch and close-off the microsphere at a point proximate to the coaxial blowing nozzle and said entraining fluid acting to detach the microsphere from the coaxial blowing nozzle, surface tension forces causing the detached microsphere to form a spherical shape, and cooling, solidifying and hardening said microsphere to obtain microspheres of 500 to 6,000 microns diameter and 0.5 to 400 microns wall thickness.

Claim 69

A method for compressing and encapsulating gaseous materials at elevated pressures in hollow glass microspheres which comprises heating glass to form molten glass, forming a liquid film of molten glass across an orifice of a coaxial blowing nozzle, said blowing nozzle having an inner nozzle to convey said gaseous material as a blowing gas to the inner surface of the liquid film and an outer nozzle to convey molten glass to said orifice, the lower portion of said outer nozzle being tapered inwardly to form with the outer edge of the inner nozzle a fine gap, feeding the molten glass under pressure through said gap and forming said film of molten glass across said orifice of the blowing nozzle, feeding said gaseous material blowing gas through said inner nozzle at a pressure of 100 to 10,000 p.s.i.g. to the inner surface of the liquid film to blow the film downwardly and outwardly to form the microsphere, continuously feeding said molten glass to said outer nozzle while said microsphere is being formed, maintaining a pressure in the area of said blowing nozzle about equal to, but slightly less than the pressure of said blowing gas, directing an entraining fluid at said coaxial blowing nozzle at an angle relative to a line drawn through the center axis of said coaxial blowing nozzle, said entraining fluid passage over and around said coaxial blowing nozzle to fluid dynamically induce a pulsating or fluctuating pressure field having periodic oscillations at the opposite or lee side of the blowing nozzle in the wake or shadow of said blowing nozzle, said entraining fluid acting on the microsphere to pinch and close-off the microsphere at a point proximate to the coaxial blowing nozzle and said entraining fluid acting to detach the microsphere from the coaxial blowing nozzle, surface tension forces causing the detached microsphere to form a spherical shape, and cooling, solidifying and hardening said microsphere to obtain microspheres of 500 to 6,000 microns diameter and 0.5 to 400 microns wall thickness.