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US4293450A
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Process for conducting electricity utilizing a specifically defined graphite intercalation compound
Assignee: ACHESON INTERCALTECH Inc
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Filing: 1978-04-18
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Granted: 1981-10-06
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Expires: 1998-04-18
Abstract
Abstract An electrically conductive composition is provided which comprises an intercalation compound of (1) graphite, (2) fluorosulfonic acid, chlorosulfonic acid, or mixtures thereof, and (3) a boron trihalide, a tetrahalide of a Group IV element, a pentahalide of a Group V element, or mixtures thereof. The graphite may be in any one of a variety of physical configurations, e.g. as particulate crystals or present in a carbonaceous fibrous material, at the time of the intercalation reaction. The resulting graphite intercalation compound possesses advantageous electrical conductivity characteristics not possessed by plain graphite and is capable of utilization as a light weight electrical conductor. The graphite intercalation compound may optionally be provided within a metal matrix (e.g. within elemental copper) to form an electrically conductive composite article.
Inventors
- 👤 F. Lincoln Vogel
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 20:33
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01B; H01B1/00; H01B1/04; C; C01; C01B; C01B32/00; C01B32/20; C01B32/21; C01B32/22; C04; C04B; C04B35/00; C04B35/515; C04B35/52; C04B35/536; D; D01; D01F; D01F11/00; D01F11/10; D01F11/12; D01F11/127
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 33
Claim 1
Independent Claim
103 words
A process for conducting electricity comprising providing an electrically conductive composition which comprises a graphite intercalation compound formed under anhydrous conditions of: (a) graphite, (b) a sulfur-containing reactant selected from the group consisting of fluorosulfonic acid, chlorosulfonic acid, and mixtures thereof, and (c) a halide reactant selected from the group consisting of a boron trihalide, a tetrahalide of a Group IV element, a pentahalide of a Group V element, and mixtures thereof, wherein the molar ratio of said sulfur-containing reactant to said halide reactant is within the range of approximately 0.01:1 to 200:1, and connecting an electrical source to said electrically conductive composition.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
103 words
A process for conducting electricity comprising providing an electrically conductive composition which comprises a graphite intercalation compound formed under anhydrous conditions of: (a) graphite, (b) a sulfur-containing reactant selected from the group consisting of fluorosulfonic acid, chlorosulfonic acid, and mixtures thereof, and (c) a halide reactant selected from the group consisting of a boron trihalide, a tetrahalide of a Group IV element, a pentahalide of a Group V element, and mixtures thereof, wherein the molar ratio of said sulfur-containing reactant to said halide reactant is within the range of approximately 0.01:1 to 200:1, and connecting an electrical source to said electrically conductive composition.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
26 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 1 wherein said graphite intercalation compound is present in a filament which is electrically oriented along its axis.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 1 wherein said graphite intercalation compound is present in a metal composite.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 3 in which said metal comprises elemental copper.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 1 wherein said halide reactant is a fluoride.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
51 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 1 wherein said Group IV element tetrahalide is SiF 4 , HfF 4 , TiF 4 , or ZrF 4 , and said Group V element pentahalide is PF 5 , NbF 5 , TaF 5 , AsF 5 or SbF 5 .
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 1 wherein said halide reactant is SbF 5 .
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 1 wherein said halide reactant is AsF 5 .
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
110 words
A process for conducting electricity comprising providing an electrically conductive composition which comprises a graphite intercalation compound in the configuration of a filament which is electrically oriented along its axis formed under anhydrous conditions of: (a) a carbonaceous filament comprising graphitic carbon, (b) a sulfur-containing reactant selected from the group consisting of fluorosulfonic acid, chlorosulfonic acid, and mixtures thereof, and (c) a halide reactant selected from the group consisting of SbF 5 and AsF 5 , and mixtures thereof, wherein the molar ratio of said sulfur-containing reactant to said halide reactant is within the range of approximately 0.01:1 to 200:1, and connecting an electrical source to said electrically conductive composition.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
110 words
A process for conducting electricity comprising providing an electrically conductive composition which comprises a graphite intercalation compound in the configuration of a filament which is electrically oriented along its axis formed under anhydrous conditions of: (a) a carbonaceous filament comprising graphitic carbon, (b) a sulfur-containing reactant selected from the group consisting of fluorosulfonic acid, chlorosulfonic acid, and mixtures thereof, and (c) a halide reactant selected from the group consisting of SbF 5 and AsF 5 , and mixtures thereof, wherein the molar ratio of said sulfur-containing reactant to said halide reactant is within the range of approximately 0.01:1 to 200:1, and connecting an electrical source to said electrically conductive composition.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 9 wherein said sulfur-containing reactant is fluorosulfonic acid.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 9 wherein said sulfur-containing reactant is fluorosulfonic acid, and said halide reactant is SbF 5 .
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 9 wherein said sulfur-containing reactant is fluorosulfonic acid, and said halide reactant is AsF 5 .
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 9 wherein said sulfur-containing reactant is chlorosulfonic acid.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
130 words
A process for conducting electricity comprising: (a) reacting graphite crystals with a sulfur-containing reactant selected from the group consisting of fluorosulfonic acid, chlorosulfonic acid, and mixtures thereof, and with a halide reactant selected from the group consisting of a boron trihalide, a tetrahalide of a Group IV element, a pentahalide of a Group V element, and mixtures thereof, wherein the molar ratio of said sulfur-containing reactant to said halide reactant is within the range of approximately 0.01:1 to 200:1, to obtain an electrically conductive graphite intercalation compound, (b) preparing a composite of said graphite intercalation compound with a metal, (c) forming a conductor from said composite such that said graphite intercalation compound is electrically oriented along the axis of said conductor, and (d) connecting an electrical source to said conductor.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
130 words
A process for conducting electricity comprising: (a) reacting graphite crystals with a sulfur-containing reactant selected from the group consisting of fluorosulfonic acid, chlorosulfonic acid, and mixtures thereof, and with a halide reactant selected from the group consisting of a boron trihalide, a tetrahalide of a Group IV element, a pentahalide of a Group V element, and mixtures thereof, wherein the molar ratio of said sulfur-containing reactant to said halide reactant is within the range of approximately 0.01:1 to 200:1, to obtain an electrically conductive graphite intercalation compound, (b) preparing a composite of said graphite intercalation compound with a metal, (c) forming a conductor from said composite such that said graphite intercalation compound is electrically oriented along the axis of said conductor, and (d) connecting an electrical source to said conductor.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 14 wherein said halide reactant is a fluoride.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
51 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 14 wherein said Group IV element tetrahalide is SiF 4 , HfF 4 , TiF 4 , or ZrF 4 , and said Group V element pentahalide is PF 5 , NbF 5 , TaF 5 , AsF 5 or SbF 5 .
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 14 wherein said halide reactant is SbF 5 .
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 14 wherein said halide reactant is AsF 5 .
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 1 wherein said sulfur-containing reactant is fluorosulfonic acid.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 1 wherein said sulfur-containing reactant is chlorosulfonic acid.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 1 wherein the molar ratio of said sulfur-containing reactant to said halide reactant is within the range of approximately 0.01:1 to 100:1.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 1 wherein the molar ratio of said sulfur-containing reactant to said halide reactant is approximately 11:1.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 9 wherein said sulfur-containing reactant is fluorosulfonic acid.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 9 wherein said sulfur-containing reactant is chlorosulfonic acid.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 9 wherein the molar ratio of said sulfur-containing reactant to said halide reactant is within the range of approximately 0.01:1 to 100:1.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 9 wherein the molar ratio of said sulfur-containing reactant to said halide reactant is approximately 11:1.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 14 wherein said sulfur-containing reactant is fluorosulfonic acid.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 14 wherein said sulfur-containing reactant is chlorosulfonic acid.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 14 wherein the molar ratio of said sulfur-containing reactant to said halide reactant is within the range of approximately 0.01:1 to 100:1.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process for conducting electricity according to claim 14 wherein the molar ratio of said sulfur-containing reactant to said halide reactant is approximately 11:1.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-10-05 | 1985-04-06 | 1985-10-06 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-10-05 | 1989-04-06 | 1989-10-06 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-10-05 | 1993-04-06 | 1993-10-06 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |