Frequency following circuit

Claim 2

An electrical circuit apparatus for use in electronic music generation comprising: means for providing an electrical input signal of complex waveform carrying a fundamental frequency component; means for converting said input signal to a signal bearing successive indications of the occurrence of a periodic reference point of the fundamental frequency component of said input signal; period-to-voltage converter means responsive to said indications of the converted input signal, for repeatedly generating an analog voltage level, each said analog voltage level having a magnitude representative of the period between successive reference points; and output means for producing a signal output having a signal level magnitude determined by a said analog voltage level, said output means making a determination of the relative difference of the signal level magnitudes of successive analog voltage levels generated by said period-to-voltage converter means, and said output means updating said signal output in response to said determination.

Claim 3

Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said periodic reference point occurs in each cycle of the fundamental frequency.

Claim 4

An electrical circuit apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said output means maintains said signal output when the relative difference in magnitudes of successive analog voltage levels exceeds a certain threshold difference.

Claim 5

An electrical circuit apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said output means determines whether the relative magnitudes of said successive analog voltage levels are within a predetermined range difference.

Claim 6

An electrical circuit apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said output means determines whether the magnitudes of said successive analog voltage levels are a certain percentage of one another.

Claim 7

Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said converting means includes peak picker means for detecting the highest peak in each cycle of the fundamental frequency component of the input signal, said peak picker means generating an electrical signal bearing an indication of a said detected peak substantially in time with said peak of said input signal.

Claim 8

Apparatus according to claim 6 wherein said peak picker means includes means for sharpening the highest peaks and depressing lower peaks in each cycle of the fundamental frequency component.

Claim 9

An electrical circuit apparatus for use in electronic music generation comprising: means for providing an electrical input signal of complex waveform carrying a fundamental frequency component; means for converting said input signal to a signal bearing successive indications of the occurrence of a periodic reference point of the fundamental frequency component of said input signal, said periodic reference point occurring in each cycle of the fundamental frequency; period-to-voltage converter means responsive to said indications of the converted input signal, for repeatedly generating an analog voltage level, each said analog voltage level having a magnitude representative of the period between successive reference points; and output means for producing a signal output having a magnitude determined by a said analog voltage level, said output means making a determination of the relative difference of the magnitudes of successive analog voltage levels generated by said period-to-voltage converter means, for updating said signal output in response to said determination, said output means including: (i) store means for storing a voltage level generated by said period-to-voltage converter means and for providing the stored analog voltage level as said signal output; and (ii) correlation means for determining the relative difference in the magnitudes of successive analog voltage levels generated by said period-to-voltage converter means, for updating the analog voltage levels stored in said store means.

Claim 10

An electrical circuit apparatus for use in electronic music generation comprising: means for providing an electrical input signal of complex waveform carrying a fundamental frequency component; means for converting said input signal to a signal bearing successive indications of the occurrence of a periodic reference point of the fundamental frequency component of said input signal, said periodic reference point occurring in each cycle of the fundamental frequency; period-to-voltage converter means responsive to said indications of the converted input signal, for repeatedly generating an analog voltage level, each said analog voltage level having a magnitude representative of the period between successive reference points; and output means for producing a signal output having a magnitude determined by a said analog voltage level, said output means making a determination of the relative difference of the magnitudes of successive analog voltage levels generated by said period-to-voltage converter means, for updating said signal output in response to said determination, said output means including: (i) store means for storing a voltage level generated by said period-to-voltage converter means and for providing the stored analog voltage level as said signal output; and (ii) correlation means for determining the relative difference in the magnitudes of successive analog voltage levels generated by said period-to-voltage converter means, for updating the analog voltage levels stored in said store means.

Claim 11

Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said correlation means controls the initial storage of an analog voltage level in said store means.

Claim 12

Apparatus according to claim 9 wherein said output means includes a first storage device for storing a first analog voltage level generated by said period-to-voltage converter means during one cycle; a second storage device for storing a second voltage level generated by said period-to-voltage converter means during a cycle following said one cycle; and wherein said correlation means compares the magnitudes of said first and said second analog voltage levels; and update means responsive to said correlation means, for updating said stored analog voltage level.

Claim 13

Apparatus according to claim 10 wherein said update means commands storage of said second analog voltage level in said store means.

Claim 14

An electrical circuit apparatus for use in electronic music generation comprising: input means for providing an electrical input signal of complex waveform carrying a fundamental frequency component; peak picker means for converting said input signal to a signal of successive signal peaks occurring substantially in synchronism with the peaks of the fundamental frequency component of said input signal, said peak picker means monitoring the rate of change of the waveform of said input signal for detection of peaks in said waveform, said peak picker means sharpening the highest detected peaks and depressing the lower detected peaks in each cycle of the fundamental frequency component; period-to-voltage converter means responsive to said signal peaks of the converter input signal, for repeatedly generating an analog voltage level, each said analog voltage level having a magnitude representative of the period between successive peaks of the fundamental frequency component; and output means connected to said period-to-voltage converter means, for producing a signal output having a signal level magnitude determined by a said analog voltage level, said output means for making a determination of the relative difference of the signal level magnitudes of successive analog voltage levels generated by said period-to-voltage converter means, and said output means updating said signal output responsive to said determination.

Claim 15

An electrical circuit apparatus for use in electronic music generation comprising: input means for providing an electrical input signal of complex waveform carrying a fundamental frequency component; peak picker means for converting said input signal to a signal of successive signal peaks occurring substantially in synchronism with the peaks of the fundamental frequency component of said input signal, said peak picker means monitoring the rate of change of the waveform of said input signal for detection of peaks in said waveform, said peak picker means sharpening the highest detected peaks and depressing the lower detected peaks in each cycle of the fundamental frequency component; period-to-voltage converter means responsive to said signal peaks of the converter input signal, for repeatedly generating an analog voltage level, each said analog voltage level having a magnitude representative of the period between successive peaks of the fundamental frequency component; and output means connected to said period-to-voltage converter means, for producing a signal output having a signal level magnitude determined by a said analog voltage level, said output means for making a determination of the relative difference of the signal level magnitudes of successive analog voltage levels generated by said period-to-voltage converter means, and said output means updating said signal output responsive to said determination.

Claim 16

Apparatus according to claim 12 wherein said peak picker means includes: operational amplifier means; a capacitive path connecting said input means to the inverting input of said operational amplifier means; and a resistive feedback path connecting the output of said operational amplifier to its inverting input.

Claim 17

Apparatus according to claim 13 wherein said resistive feed back path includes a diode for passing negative valued current from the output of said operational amplifier means to said inverting input; and wherein said peak picker means includes a diode feedback path connecting the output of said operational amplifier to its inverting input, said diode feedback path passing positive valued current from the output of said operational amplifier means to said inverting input.

Claim 18

Apparatus according to claim 14 and further including: capacitor means connected to said resistive feedback path for charging from current flowing from said operational amplifier means; and signal output means producing an output signal substantially proportional to the magnitude of current charging said capacitor means.

Claim 19

An electronic music generator comprising: transducer means for transducing a musical input signal to an electrical signal of complex waveform carrying a fundamental frequency component; means for converting said electrical signal to a signal bearing successive indications of the occurrence of a periodic reference point of the fundamental frequency component of said input signal; period-to-voltage converter means responsive to said indications of the converted electrical signal, for repeatedly generating an analog voltage level, each said analog voltage level having a magnitude representative of the period between successive reference points; output means for producing a signal output having a signal level magnitude determined by a said analog voltage level, said output means making a determination of the relative difference of the signal level magnitudes of successive analog voltage levels generated by said period-to-voltage converter means, and said output means updating said signal output in response to said determination; and sound producer means responsive to said signal output for producing a sound output at a frequency represented by the magnitude of said signal output.

Claim 20

An electronic music generator comprising: transducer means for transducing a musical input signal to an electrical signal of complex waveform carrying a fundamental frequency component; means for converting said electrical signal to a signal bearing successive indications of the occurrence of a periodic reference point of the fundamental frequency component of said input signal; period-to-voltage converter means responsive to said indications of the converted electrical signal, for repeatedly generating an analog voltage level, each said analog voltage level having a magnitude representative of the period between successive reference points; output means for producing a signal output having a signal level magnitude determined by a said analog voltage level, said output means making a determination of the relative difference of the signal level magnitudes of successive analog voltage levels generated by said period-to-voltage converter means, and said output means updating said signal output in response to said determination; and sound producer means responsive to said signal output for producing a sound output at a frequency represented by the magnitude of said signal output.

Claim 21

An electrical circuit apparatus for use in electronic music generation comprising: means for providing an electrical input signal of complex waveform carrying a fundamental frequency component; means for converting said input signal to an electrical signal bearing successive indications of the occurrence of a periodic reference point of the fundamental frequency component of said input signal, said converting means including peak picker means for detecting the highest peak in each cycle of the fundamental frequency component of said input signal, said peak picker means generating said electrical signal bearing an indication of a said detected peak substantially in time with said peak of said input signal, said peak picker means further including: a plurality of peak pickers connected in cascade, each said peak picker having an input and an output, each said peak picker for detecting the highest peak in each cycle of the fundamental frequency component of a signal appearing at its input, each said peak picker generating at its output an electrical signal bearing an indication of a detected peak substantially in time with said peak of the signal appearing at its said input, the first of said plurality of peak pickers receiving said input signal, the last of said peak pickers transmitting at its output said electrical signal, and the remaining outputs of said peak pickers connected to the input of a following peak picker to connect said plurality in cascade; period-to-voltage converter means connected to said converting means for receiving said electrical signal and being responsive to said indications of said electrical signal, for repeatedly generating an analog voltage level, each said analog voltage level having a magnitude representative of the period between successive reference points; and output means for producing a signal output having a magnitude determined by a said analog voltage level, said output means making a determination of the relative difference of the magnitudes of successive analog voltage levels generated by said period-to-voltage converter means, for updating said signal output in response to said determination.

Claim 22

An electrical circuit apparatus for use in electronic music generation comprising: means for providing an electrical input signal of complex waveform carrying a fundamental frequency component; means for converting said input signal to an electrical signal bearing successive indications of the occurrence of a periodic reference point of the fundamental frequency component of said input signal, said converting means including peak picker means for detecting the highest peak in each cycle of the fundamental frequency component of said input signal, said peak picker means generating said electrical signal bearing an indication of a said detected peak substantially in time with said peak of said input signal, said peak picker means further including: a plurality of peak pickers connected in cascade, each said peak picker having an input and an output, each said peak picker for detecting the highest peak in each cycle of the fundamental frequency component of a signal appearing at its input, each said peak picker generating at its output an electrical signal bearing an indication of a detected peak substantially in time with said peak of the signal appearing at its said input, the first of said plurality of peak pickers receiving said input signal, the last of said peak pickers transmitting at its output said electrical signal, and the remaining outputs of said peak pickers connected to the input of a following peak picker to connect said plurality in cascade; period-to-voltage converter means connected to said converting means for receiving said electrical signal and being responsive to said indications of said electrical signal, for repeatedly generating an analog voltage level, each said analog voltage level having a magnitude representative of the period between successive reference points; and output means for producing a signal output having a magnitude determined by a said analog voltage level, said output means making a determination of the relative difference of the magnitudes of successive analog voltage levels generated by said period-to-voltage converter means, for updating said signal output in response to said determination.