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US4270989A
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Cadmium plating baths and methods for electrodepositing bright cadmium deposits
Assignee: Rohco Inc
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Filing: 1979-12-21
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Granted: 1981-06-02
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Expires: 1999-12-21
Abstract
Abstract Cadmium electroplating baths are described which contain at least one phosphate, carboxylate, sulfonate or sulfate compound containing one or more alkylene oxide groups containing 2 or 3 carbon atoms and wherein at least one of the alkylene oxide groups in the sulfates is attached to an aryl group. The baths also can contain at least one organic brightener compound and particularly pyridine brightener compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkene, mercapto, amino, halogen, aryl, arylalkyl, aminoalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cyano, dialkylamide, aldoxime, benzo (b), pyrrolidinyl groups and the corresponding N-oxide compounds. Semi-bright to bright level cadmium coatings are obtained with these baths.
Inventors
- 👤 William E. Eckles
- 👤 Charles W. McFarland
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-07 07:19
CPC Classifications
C; C25; C25B; C25B11/00; C25B11/02
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 32
Claim 1
Independent Claim
63 words
An aqueous electroplating bath for the electrodeposition of cadmium comprising (a) cadmium ions, (b) a free acid, and (c) at least one phosphate, carboxylate, or sulfate compound containing one or more alkylene oxide groups and wherein the alkylene group contains 2 or 3 carbon atoms, and at least one of the alkylene oxide groups in the sulfates is attached to an aryl group.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
63 words
An aqueous electroplating bath for the electrodeposition of cadmium comprising (a) cadmium ions, (b) a free acid, and (c) at least one phosphate, carboxylate, or sulfate compound containing one or more alkylene oxide groups and wherein the alkylene group contains 2 or 3 carbon atoms, and at least one of the alkylene oxide groups in the sulfates is attached to an aryl group.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
18 words
The plating bath of claim 1 wherein the bath also contains (d) at least one organic brightener compound.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
22 words
The plating bath of claim 2 wherein the brightener compound is selected from the group consisting of pyridines and aromatic carbonyl-containing compounds.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
50 words
The plating bath of claim 3 wherein the pyridine brightener has the formula ##STR12## wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkene, mercapto, amino, halogen, aryl, arylalkyl, aminoalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cyano, dialkylamide, aldoxime, benzo (b), pyrrolidinyl groups and the corresponding N-oxide compounds.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
25 words
The plating bath of claim 2 wherein the bath contains from about 0.05 to about 10 grams of the brightener composition per liter of bath.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
17 words
The plating bath of claim 1 wherein the free acid is sulfuric, fluoboric acid or mixtures thereof.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
23 words
The plating bath of claim 1 wherein the bath also contains (e) at least one aromatic sulfonic acid or condensed aromatic sulfonic acid.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
15 words
The plating bath of claim 1 wherein the bath contains a condensed naphthalene sulfonic acid.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
17 words
The plating bath of claim 1 wherein the bath also contains at least one nonionic polyoxyalkylene compound.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
49 words
The plating bath of claim 9 wherein the nonionic polyoxyalkylene compound is a polyethoxylated naphthol having the formula ##STR13## wherein y is an integer from about six to about 40, and R and R 1 are each independently hydrogen, alkoxy or alkyl groups containing up to seven carbon atoms.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
76 words
The plating bath of claim 1 wherein the phosphate compound has the formula ##STR14## wherein R is an alkyl or aryl group containing up to about 24 carbon atoms, each R' independently is an alkylene group or mixture of alkylene groups containing 2 or 3 carbon atoms, n is an integer from one to about 100, and each X independently is hydrogen, a metal, ammonium or protonated amine, or each OX independently is RO(R'O) n --.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
23 words
The plating bath of claim 11 wherein R is an alkyl phenyl group containing up to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
80 words
The plating bath of claim 1 wherein the carboxylate compound has the formula RO(R'O).sub.n R"COOX (III) wherein R is an alkyl or aryl group containing up to about 24 carbon atoms, R' is an alkylene group or mixture of alkylene groups containing two or three carbon atoms, R" is an alkylene group containing from one to about 20 carbon atoms, n is an integer from one to about 100, and X is hydrogen, a metal, ammonium or a protonated amine.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
53 words
The plating bath of claim 13 wherein the carboxylate compound has the formula R.sup.2 R.sup.3 C(H)O(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 M wherein R 2 and R 3 are each independently lower alkyl groups containing up to about six carbon atoms, n is an integer and M is an alkali metal or ammonium ion.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
69 words
The plating bath of claim 1 wherein the sulfate compound has the formula RO(R'O).sub.n --SO.sub.2 --Y (IV) wherein R is an aryl or alkylaryl group, R' independently is an alkylene group or mixture of alkylene groups containing two or three carbon atoms, n is an integer from one to about 100, and Y is RO(R'O) n or OM wherein M is hydrogen, a metal, ammonium or a protonated amine.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
15 words
The plating bath of claim 15 wherein R is a naphthalene or sulfonated naphthalene group.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
28 words
The plating bath of claim 1 wherein the phosphate, carboxylate, or sulfate compound is present in amounts of from 0.05 to about 20 grams per liter of bath.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process of electrodepositing a cadmium coating on a substrate which comprises electroplating said substrate with a cadmium plating bath according to any one of claims 1-8.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
82 words
An aqueous electroplating bath for the electrodeposition of cadmium comprising (a) cadmium ions, (b) a free acid, (c) at least one phosphate, carboxylate, sulfonate or sulfate compound containing one or more alkylene oxide groups and wherein the alkylene group contains 2 or 3 carbon atoms, and at least one of the alkylene oxide groups in the sulfates is attached to an aryl group, and (d) at least one organic brightener compound selected from the group consisting of pyridines and aromatic carbonyl-containing compounds.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
82 words
An aqueous electroplating bath for the electrodeposition of cadmium comprising (a) cadmium ions, (b) a free acid, (c) at least one phosphate, carboxylate, sulfonate or sulfate compound containing one or more alkylene oxide groups and wherein the alkylene group contains 2 or 3 carbon atoms, and at least one of the alkylene oxide groups in the sulfates is attached to an aryl group, and (d) at least one organic brightener compound selected from the group consisting of pyridines and aromatic carbonyl-containing compounds.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
50 words
The plating bath of claim 19 wherein the pyridine brightener has the formula ##STR15## wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkene, mercapto, amino, halogen, aryl, arylalkyl, aminoalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cyano, dialkylamide, aldoxime, benzo (b), pyrrolidinyl groups and the corresponding N-oxide compounds.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
76 words
An aqueous electroplating bath for the electrodeposition of cadmium comprising (a) cadmium ions, (b) a free acid, (c) at least one phosphate, carboxylate, sulfonate or sulfate compound containing one or more alkylene oxide groups and wherein the alkylene group contains 2 or 3 carbon atoms, and at least one of the alkylene oxide groups in the sulfates is attached to an aryl group, and (d) at least one aromatic sulfonic acid or condensed aromatic sulfonic acid.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
76 words
An aqueous electroplating bath for the electrodeposition of cadmium comprising (a) cadmium ions, (b) a free acid, (c) at least one phosphate, carboxylate, sulfonate or sulfate compound containing one or more alkylene oxide groups and wherein the alkylene group contains 2 or 3 carbon atoms, and at least one of the alkylene oxide groups in the sulfates is attached to an aryl group, and (d) at least one aromatic sulfonic acid or condensed aromatic sulfonic acid.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
15 words
The plating bath of claim 21 wherein the bath contains a condensed naphthalene sulfonic acid.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
71 words
An aqueous electroplating bath for the electrodeposition of cadmium comprising (a) cadmium ions, (b) a free acid, (c) at least one phosphate, carboxylate, sulfonate or sulfate compound containing one or more alkylene oxide groups and wherein the alkylene group contains 2 or 3 carbon atoms, and at least one of the alkylene oxide groups in the sulfates is attached to an aryl group, and (d) at least one nonionic polyoxyalkylene compound.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
71 words
An aqueous electroplating bath for the electrodeposition of cadmium comprising (a) cadmium ions, (b) a free acid, (c) at least one phosphate, carboxylate, sulfonate or sulfate compound containing one or more alkylene oxide groups and wherein the alkylene group contains 2 or 3 carbon atoms, and at least one of the alkylene oxide groups in the sulfates is attached to an aryl group, and (d) at least one nonionic polyoxyalkylene compound.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
49 words
The plating bath of claim 23 wherein the nonionic polyoxyalkylene compound is a polyethoxylated naphthol having the formula ##STR16## wherein y is an integer from about six to about 40, and R and R 1 are each independently hydrogen, alkoxy or alkyl groups containing up to seven carbon atoms.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
82 words
The plating bath of any one of claims 19, 21 or 23 wherein the phosphate compound has the formula ##STR17## wherein R is an alkyl or aryl group containing up to about 24 carbon atoms, each R' independently is an alkylene group or mixture of alkylene groups containing 2 or 3 carbon atoms, n is an integer from one to about 100, and each X independently is hydrogen, a metal, ammonium or protonated amine, or each OX independently is RO(R'O) n --.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
86 words
The plating bath of any one of claims 19, 21 or 23 wherein the carboxylate compound has the formula RO(R'O).sub.n R"COOX (III) wherein R is an alkyl or aryl group containing up to about 24 carbon atoms, R' is an alkylene group or mixture of alkylene groups containing two or three carbon atoms, R" is an alkylene group containing from one to about 20 carbon atoms, n is an integer from one to about 100, and X is hydrogen, a metal, ammonium or a protonated amine.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
75 words
The plating bath of any one of claims 19, 21 or 23 wherein the sulfate compound has the formula RO(R'O).sub.n --SO.sub.2 Y (IV) wherein R is an aryl or alkylaryl group, R' independently is an alkylene group or mixture of alkylene groups containing two or three carbon atoms, n is an integer from one to about 100, and Y is RO(R'O) n or OM wherein M is hydrogen, a metal, ammonium or a protonated amine.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
35 words
The plating bath of any one of claims 19, 21 or 23 wherein the phosphate, carboxylate, sulfonate, or sulfate compound is present in amounts of from 0.05 to about 20 grams per liter of bath.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-06-01 | 1984-12-01 | 1985-06-02 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-06-01 | 1988-12-01 | 1989-06-02 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-06-01 | 1992-12-01 | 1993-06-02 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |