Admixtures and method for accelerating the setting of portland cement compositions

Claim 3

The method of claim 1 in which the carbonate compound is sodium carbonate and the α-hydroxy carbonyl compound is sodium hydroxyacetate.

Claim 4

The method according to claim 1 in which the first amount of water-soluble carbonate compound and the second amount of α-hydroxy carbonyl compound are such that the final setting time of the portland cement composition containing the two amounts is greater than the final setting time of a corresponding control portland cement composition in which the water-soluble carbonate compound is omitted, the final setting times being measured by the Vicat Needle test.

Claim 7

The method of claim 4 in which the carbonate compound is sodium carbonate, the α-hydroxy carbonyl compound is sodium hydroxyacetate, and the water-soluble organic retardant is sodium gluconate.

Claim 8

The method of claim 5 in which: (a) the ratio of the weight of the sodium carbonate to the weight of the cement in such composition is in the range of from about 6×10 -4 to about 2×10 -2 ; (b) the ratio of the weight of the sodium hydroxyacetate to the weight of the cement in such composition is in the range of from about 6×10 -4 to about 5×10 -2 ; and (c) the ratio of the weight of the sodium gluconate to the weight of the cement in such composition is in the range of from about 8×10 -5 to about 3×10 -2 .

Claim 13

An admixture for accelerating the setting time of portland cement compositions consisting essentially of a mixture of: (a) a first ponderable amount of a water-soluble carbonate compound selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate; (b) a second ponderable amount of an α-hydroxy carbonyl compound selected from the group consisting of dl-mandelic acid and the water-soluble salts of hydroxyacetic acid, lactic acid, 2-methyllactic acid and dl-mandelic acid; and (c) a third ponderable amount of a water-soluble organic retardant selected from the group consisting of retarding organic compounds having a plurality of hydroxy groups, citric acid, and the sodium, potassium, and calcium salts of citric acid.

Claim 14

An admixture for accelerating the setting time of portland cement compositions consisting essentially of a mixture of: (a) a first ponderable amount of a water-soluble carbonate compound selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate; (b) a second ponderable amount of an α-hydroxy carbonyl compound selected from the group consisting of dl-mandelic acid and the water-soluble salts of hydroxyacetic acid, lactic acid, 2-methyllactic acid and dl-mandelic acid; and (c) a third ponderable amount of a water-soluble organic retardant selected from the group consisting of retarding organic compounds having a plurality of hydroxy groups, citric acid, and the sodium, potassium, and calcium salts of citric acid.

Claim 15

The admixture of claim 9 in which the water-soluble carbonate compound is sodium carbonate, the α-hydroxy carbonyl compound is sodium hydroxyacetate, and the water-soluble organic retardant is sodium gluconate.

Claim 16

An admixture for accelerating the setting time of portland cement compositions consisting of a mixture of: (a) a first ponderable amount of a water-soluble carbonate compound selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate; and (b) a second ponderable amount of an α-hydroxy carbonyl compound selected from the group consisting of dl-mandelic acid and the water-soluble salts of hydroxyacetic acid, lactic acid, 2-methyllactic acid, and dl-mandelic acid.

Claim 17

An admixture for accelerating the setting time of portland cement compositions consisting of a mixture of: (a) a first ponderable amount of a water-soluble carbonate compound selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate; and (b) a second ponderable amount of an α-hydroxy carbonyl compound selected from the group consisting of dl-mandelic acid and the water-soluble salts of hydroxyacetic acid, lactic acid, 2-methyllactic acid, and dl-mandelic acid.

Claim 18

The admixture of claim 11 in which the water-soluble carbonate compound is sodium carbonate, and the α-hydroxy carbonyl compound is sodium hydroxyacetate.

Claim 19

An admixture for accelerating the setting time of portland cement compositions consisting of a mixture of: (a) a first ponderable amount of a water-soluble carbonate compound selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate; (b) a second ponderable amount of an α-hydroxy carbonyl compound selected from the group consisting of dl-mandelic acid and the water-soluble salts of hydroxyacetic acid, lactic acid, 2-methyllactic acid and dl-mandelic acid; and (c) a third ponderable amount of a water-soluble organic retardant selected from the group consisting of retarding organic compounds having a plurality of hydroxy groups, citric acid, and the sodium, potassium, and calcium salts of citric acid.

Claim 20

An admixture for accelerating the setting time of portland cement compositions consisting of a mixture of: (a) a first ponderable amount of a water-soluble carbonate compound selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate; (b) a second ponderable amount of an α-hydroxy carbonyl compound selected from the group consisting of dl-mandelic acid and the water-soluble salts of hydroxyacetic acid, lactic acid, 2-methyllactic acid and dl-mandelic acid; and (c) a third ponderable amount of a water-soluble organic retardant selected from the group consisting of retarding organic compounds having a plurality of hydroxy groups, citric acid, and the sodium, potassium, and calcium salts of citric acid.

Claim 21

The admixture of claim 13 in which the water-soluble carbonate compound is sodium carbonate, the α-hydroxy carbonyl compound is sodium hydroxyacetate, and the water-soluble organic retardant is sodium gluconate.

Claim 22

A fast-setting, premixed portland cement composition comprising: (a) portland cement; (b) aggregate; (c) a first ponderable amount of a water-soluble carbonate compound selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate; and (d) a second ponderable amount of an α-hydroxy carbonyl compound selected from the group consisting of dl-mandelic acid and the water-soluble salts of hydroxyacetic acid, lactic acid, 2-methyllactic acid, and dl-mandelic acid, the second amount being effective to accelerate the portland cement and aggregate mixture in the absence of any other admixture; the first and the second amounts being effective in combination to accelerate the portland cement and aggregate mixture, and essentially the only constituents of the accelerated portland cement composition influencing its setting time being the water-soluble carbonate compound, the α-hydroxy carbonyl compound, and portland cement.

Claim 23

A fast-setting, premixed portland cement composition comprising: (a) portland cement; (b) aggregate; (c) a first ponderable amount of a water-soluble carbonate compound selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate; and (d) a second ponderable amount of an α-hydroxy carbonyl compound selected from the group consisting of dl-mandelic acid and the water-soluble salts of hydroxyacetic acid, lactic acid, 2-methyllactic acid, and dl-mandelic acid, the second amount being effective to accelerate the portland cement and aggregate mixture in the absence of any other admixture; the first and the second amounts being effective in combination to accelerate the portland cement and aggregate mixture, and essentially the only constituents of the accelerated portland cement composition influencing its setting time being the water-soluble carbonate compound, the α-hydroxy carbonyl compound, and portland cement.

Claim 24

The composition of claim 15 in which the carbonate compound is sodium carbonate, and the α-hydroxy carbonyl compound is sodium hydroxyacetate.

Claim 25

The composition of claim 15 in which the first amount of water-soluble carbonate compound and the second amount of α-hydroxy carbonyl compound are such that the final setting time of the portland cement composition containing the two amounts is greater than the final setting time of a corresponding control portland cement composition in which the water-soluble carbonate compound is omitted, the final setting times being measured by the Vicat Needle test.

Claim 26

A fast-setting, premixed portland cement composition comprising: (a) portland cement; (b) aggregate; (c) a first ponderable amount of a water-soluble carbonate compound selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate; (d) a second ponderable amount of an α-hydroxy carbonyl compound selected from the group consisting of dl-mandelic acid and the water-soluble salts of hydroxyacetic acid, lactic acid, 2-methyllactic acid and dl-mandelic acid; and (e) a third ponderable amount of a water-soluble organic retardant selected from the group consisting of retarding organic compounds having a plurality of hydroxy groups, citric acid, and the sodium, potassium, and calcium salts of citric acid; the first, the second, and the third amounts being effective in combination to accelerate the portland cement and aggregate mixture, and essentially the only constituents of the accelerated portland cement composition influencing its setting time being the water-soluble carbonate compound, the α-hydroxy carbonyl compound, the water-soluble organic retardant, and portland cement.

Claim 27

A fast-setting, premixed portland cement composition comprising: (a) portland cement; (b) aggregate; (c) a first ponderable amount of a water-soluble carbonate compound selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate; (d) a second ponderable amount of an α-hydroxy carbonyl compound selected from the group consisting of dl-mandelic acid and the water-soluble salts of hydroxyacetic acid, lactic acid, 2-methyllactic acid and dl-mandelic acid; and (e) a third ponderable amount of a water-soluble organic retardant selected from the group consisting of retarding organic compounds having a plurality of hydroxy groups, citric acid, and the sodium, potassium, and calcium salts of citric acid; the first, the second, and the third amounts being effective in combination to accelerate the portland cement and aggregate mixture, and essentially the only constituents of the accelerated portland cement composition influencing its setting time being the water-soluble carbonate compound, the α-hydroxy carbonyl compound, the water-soluble organic retardant, and portland cement.

Claim 28

The composition of claim 18 in which the carbonate compound is sodium carbonate, the α-hydroxy carbonyl compound is sodium hydroxyacetate; and the water-soluble organic retardant is sodium gluconate.

Claim 29

The composition of claim 19 in which: (i) the ratio of the weight of the sodium carbonate to the weight of the cement is in the range of from about 6×10 -4 to about 2×10 -2 ; (ii) the ratio of the weight of the sodium hydroxyacetate to the weight of the cement is in the range of from about 6×10 -4 to about 5×10 -2 ; and (iii) the ratio of the weight of the sodium gluconate to the weight of the cement is in the range of from about 8×10 -5 to about 3×10 -2 .

Claim 30

A fast-setting, premixed portland cement composition consisting of: (a) portland cement; (b) aggregate; (c) a first ponderable amount of a water-soluble carbonate compound selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate; and (d) a second ponderable amount of an α-hydroxy carbonyl compound selected from the group consisting of dl-mandelic acid and the water-soluble salts of hydroxyacetic acid, lactic acid, 2-methyllactic acid, and dl-mandelic acid, the second amount being effective to accelerate the portland cement and aggregate mixture in the absence of any other admixture; the first and the second amounts being effective in combination to accelerate the portland cement and aggregate mixture.

Claim 31

A fast-setting, premixed portland cement composition consisting of: (a) portland cement; (b) aggregate; (c) a first ponderable amount of a water-soluble carbonate compound selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate; and (d) a second ponderable amount of an α-hydroxy carbonyl compound selected from the group consisting of dl-mandelic acid and the water-soluble salts of hydroxyacetic acid, lactic acid, 2-methyllactic acid, and dl-mandelic acid, the second amount being effective to accelerate the portland cement and aggregate mixture in the absence of any other admixture; the first and the second amounts being effective in combination to accelerate the portland cement and aggregate mixture.

Claim 32

The composition of claim 21 in which the carbonate compound is sodium carbonate and the α-hydroxy carbonyl compound is sodium hydroxyacetate.

Claim 33

The composition of claim 21 in which the first amount of water-soluble carbonate compound and the second amount of α-hydroxy carbonyl compound are such that the final setting time of the portland cement composition containing the two amounts is greater than the final setting time of a corresponding control portland cement composition in which the water-soluble carbonate compound is omitted, the final setting times being measured by the Vicat Needle test.

Claim 34

A fast-setting, premixed portland cement composition comprising: (a) portland cement; (b) aggregate; (c) a first ponderable amount of a water-soluble carbonate compound selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate; (d) a second ponderable amount of an α-hydroxy carbonyl compound selected from the group consisting of dl-mandelic acid and the water-soluble salts of hydroxyacetic acid, lactic acid, 2-methyllactic acid and dl-mandelic acid; and (e) a third ponderable amount of a water-soluble organic retardant selected from the group consisting of retarding organic compounds having a plurality of hydroxy groups, citric acid, and the sodium, potassium, and calcium salts of citric acid; the first, the second, and the third amounts being effective in combination to accelerate the portland cement and aggregate mixture.

Claim 35

A fast-setting, premixed portland cement composition comprising: (a) portland cement; (b) aggregate; (c) a first ponderable amount of a water-soluble carbonate compound selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate; (d) a second ponderable amount of an α-hydroxy carbonyl compound selected from the group consisting of dl-mandelic acid and the water-soluble salts of hydroxyacetic acid, lactic acid, 2-methyllactic acid and dl-mandelic acid; and (e) a third ponderable amount of a water-soluble organic retardant selected from the group consisting of retarding organic compounds having a plurality of hydroxy groups, citric acid, and the sodium, potassium, and calcium salts of citric acid; the first, the second, and the third amounts being effective in combination to accelerate the portland cement and aggregate mixture.

Claim 36

The composition of claim 24 in which the carbonate compound is sodium carbonate, the α-hydroxy carbonyl compound is sodium hydroxyacetate, and the water-soluble organic retardant is sodium gluconate.

Claim 37

The composition of claim 25 in which: (i) the ratio of the weight of the sodium carbonate to the weight of the cement is in the range of from about 6×10 -4 to about 2×10 -2 ; (ii) the ratio of the weight of the sodium hydroxyacetate to the weight of the cement is in the range of from about 6×10 -4 to about 5×10 -2 ; and (iii) the ratio of the weight of the sodium gluconate to the weight of the cement is in the range of from about 8×10 -5 to about 3×10 -2 .

Claim 38

A fast-setting, premixed mortar consisting of the following ingredients in approximately the proportions recited: ______________________________________ Approximate Parts Ingredient by Weight ______________________________________ portland cement 80 sand 20 sodium hydroxyacetate 0.7 sodium carbonate 0.2 sodium gluconate 0.005. ______________________________________

Claim 39

A fast-setting, premixed mortar consisting of the following ingredients in approximately the proportions recited: ______________________________________ Approximate Parts Ingredient by Weight ______________________________________ portland cement 80 sand 20 sodium hydroxyacetate 0.7 sodium carbonate 0.2 sodium gluconate 0.005. ______________________________________

Claim 40

A fast-setting, premixed mortar consisting of the following ingredients in approximately the proportions recited: ______________________________________ Approximate Parts Ingredient by Weight ______________________________________ portland cement 80 sand 20 sodium hydroxyacetate 0.7 sodium carbonate 0.2 stone dust 0.05 sodium gluconate 0.005. ______________________________________

Claim 41

A fast-setting, premixed mortar consisting of the following ingredients in approximately the proportions recited: ______________________________________ Approximate Parts Ingredient by Weight ______________________________________ portland cement 80 sand 20 sodium hydroxyacetate 0.7 sodium carbonate 0.2 stone dust 0.05 sodium gluconate 0.005. ______________________________________