Patent US4263873A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4263873A
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Animal litter and method of preparation
Assignee: SHELTER SHIELD INCORPORATED A CORP OF
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Filing: 1979-03-19
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Granted: 1981-04-28
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Expires: 1999-03-19
Abstract
Abstract The animal litter comprises a cellulose litter material that contains a pheromone-like attractant substance which makes the litter attractive to animals seeking a place to defecate and/or urinate. The litter material is pelletized to give the litter a consistency comparable to that of fine gravel. The pellets formed from the litter material hydrate slowly but positively and are disposable in water. The density of the pellets is such that they retain their structural integrity on hydration. The pellets are formed from ground paper which has been moistened with sufficient water to hold the particles together but not so much as to cause the pellets to feel moist. An acid salt may either be added in the water or as a dry powder to the ground paper. This salt carried by the water in the pellets neutralizes the animal urine (and the ammonia-like compounds formed from it) while maintaining the pH of the litter at a level acceptable to the animals. A pheromone-like attractant substance is added to the pellets either with the water or by spraying it on the finished pellets. A further step comprises compacting the saturated, ground paper into pellets having the previously enumerated properties.
Inventors
- 👤 George Christianson
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 13:22
CPC Classifications
A; A01; A01K; A01K1/00; A01K1/015; A01K1/0152; A01K1/0155
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 35
Claim 1
Independent Claim
64 words
An animal litter, which comprises a moisture absorbent paper material having a density in the range of 0.75 cubic centimeters per gram to 1.1 cubic centimeters per gram that contains a pheromone-like attractant substance which makes the litter attractive to animals seeking a place to defecate and/or urinate and wherein the pheromone-like attractant substance is 100-5,000 parts per million (by weight) of the litter.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
64 words
An animal litter, which comprises a moisture absorbent paper material having a density in the range of 0.75 cubic centimeters per gram to 1.1 cubic centimeters per gram that contains a pheromone-like attractant substance which makes the litter attractive to animals seeking a place to defecate and/or urinate and wherein the pheromone-like attractant substance is 100-5,000 parts per million (by weight) of the litter.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
32 words
The animal litter of claim 1, wherein the water content of the paper material is 10-25% (by dry weight) of the litter, the water content being comparable to that of moist soil.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
57 words
The animal litter of claim 2, wherein the paper material is pelletized so that a. the consistency of the paper material is comparable to that of moist soil; b. the pellets hydrate readily and are disposable in water; and c. the pellets are sufficiently dense within said density range that they retain their structural integrity on hydration.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
20 words
The animal litter of claim 3, wherein the individual pellets have a density of approximately one cubic centimeter per gram.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
12 words
The animal litter of claim 4, wherein the pellets comprise scrap paper.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
15 words
The animal litter of claim 5, wherein the pellets are made of hot melt paper.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
34 words
The animal litter of claim 1, 2 of 3, wherein the paper material contains an acid salt that neutralizes animal urine while maintaining the pH of the litter at a level acceptable to animals.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
25 words
The animal litter of claim 3, wherein the paper material contains an acid salt which maintains the pH of the litter between 4 and 4.5.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
14 words
The animal litter of claim 9, wherein the acid salt is sodium acid sulfate.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
72 words
An animal litter, which comprises a moisture absorbent paper material that is pelletized so that a. the consistency of the litter is comparable to that of moist soil; b. the pellets hydrate readily and are disposable in water; and c. the pellets have a density in the range of 0.75 cubic centimeters per gram to 1.1 cubic centimeters per gram and are sufficiently dense that they retain their structural integrity on hydration.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
72 words
An animal litter, which comprises a moisture absorbent paper material that is pelletized so that a. the consistency of the litter is comparable to that of moist soil; b. the pellets hydrate readily and are disposable in water; and c. the pellets have a density in the range of 0.75 cubic centimeters per gram to 1.1 cubic centimeters per gram and are sufficiently dense that they retain their structural integrity on hydration.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
12 words
The animal litter of claim 10, wherein the pellets comprise scrap paper.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
15 words
The animal litter of claim 11, wherein the pellets are made of hot melt paper.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
33 words
The animal litter of claim 10 or 12, wherein the water content of the litter is 10-25% (by dry weight) of the litter, the water content being comparable to that of moist soil.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
121 words
A method of preparing an animal litter, which comprises the steps of a. adding a pheromone-like attractant substance to water to form an aqueous solution, the pheromone-like attractant substance having the property of making the litter attractive to animals seeking a place to defecate and/or urinate; b. adding an acid salt to ground paper either before or after step a, the acid salt having the property of neutralizing animal urine while maintaining the pH of the litter at a level acceptable to animals; and c. mixing the aqueous solution with the ground paper in quantities such that the paper has a water content of 10-25% (by dry weight) of the litter, the water content being comparable to that of moist soil.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
121 words
A method of preparing an animal litter, which comprises the steps of a. adding a pheromone-like attractant substance to water to form an aqueous solution, the pheromone-like attractant substance having the property of making the litter attractive to animals seeking a place to defecate and/or urinate; b. adding an acid salt to ground paper either before or after step a, the acid salt having the property of neutralizing animal urine while maintaining the pH of the litter at a level acceptable to animals; and c. mixing the aqueous solution with the ground paper in quantities such that the paper has a water content of 10-25% (by dry weight) of the litter, the water content being comparable to that of moist soil.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
110 words
A method of preparing an animal litter, which comprises the steps of a. adding a pheromone-like attractant substance and an acid salt to water to form an aqueous solution, the pheromone-like attractant substance having the property of making the litter attractive to animals seeking a place to defecate and/or urinate, the acid salt having the property of neutralizing animal urine while maintaining the pH of the litter at a level acceptable to animals; and b. mixing the aqueous solution with ground paper in quantities such that the paper has a water content of 10-25% (by dry weight) of the litter, the water content being comparable to that of moist soil.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
110 words
A method of preparing an animal litter, which comprises the steps of a. adding a pheromone-like attractant substance and an acid salt to water to form an aqueous solution, the pheromone-like attractant substance having the property of making the litter attractive to animals seeking a place to defecate and/or urinate, the acid salt having the property of neutralizing animal urine while maintaining the pH of the litter at a level acceptable to animals; and b. mixing the aqueous solution with ground paper in quantities such that the paper has a water content of 10-25% (by dry weight) of the litter, the water content being comparable to that of moist soil.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
61 words
The method of claim 14, further comprising compacting the ground paper into pellets after the aqueous solution has been absorbed therein so that a. the consistency of the litter is comparable to that of moist soil; b. the pellets hydrate readily and are disposable in water; and c. the pellets are sufficiently dense that they retain their structural integrity on hydration.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
61 words
The method of claim 15, further comprising compacting the ground paper into pellets after the aqueous solution has been absorbed therein so that a. the consistency of the litter is comparable to that of moist soil; b. the pellets hydrate readily and are disposable in water; and c. the pellets are sufficiently dense that they retain their structural integrity on hydration.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 16 or 17, wherein the individual pellets have a density of approximately one cubic centimeter per gram.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 16 or 17, wherein the pheromone-like attractant substance is 100-5,000 parts per million (by weight) of the litter.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 16 or 17, wherein the ground paper is made from hot melt paper.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 16 or 17, wherein the acid salt in the litter is sodium acid sulfate in sufficient quantity to maintain the pH between 4 and 4.5.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
54 words
The method of claim 18, wherein a. the pheromone-like attractant substance is 100-5,000 parts per million (by weight) of the litter; b. the ground paper is made from hot melt paper; and c. the acid salt in the litter is sodium acid sulfate in sufficient quantity to maintain the pH between 4 and 4.5.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
143 words
An animal litter, which comprises a moisture-absorbent litter material of pelletized scrap hot melt paper that contains a pheromone-like attractant substance which makes the litter attractive to animals seeking a place to defecate and/or urinate wherein the water content of the litter is 10-25% (by dry weight) of the litter, the water content and consistency of the litter being comparable to that of moist soil and in which the pellets hydrate readily and are disposable in water and in which the pellets are sufficiently dense that they retain their structural integrity on hydration, the pellets having a density of approximately one cubic centimeter per gram, wherein the pheromone-like attractant substance is 100-5,000 parts per million (by weight) of the litter, and the litter material contains sodium acid sulfate to neutralize animal urine while maintaining the pH of the litter between 4 and 4.5.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
143 words
An animal litter, which comprises a moisture-absorbent litter material of pelletized scrap hot melt paper that contains a pheromone-like attractant substance which makes the litter attractive to animals seeking a place to defecate and/or urinate wherein the water content of the litter is 10-25% (by dry weight) of the litter, the water content and consistency of the litter being comparable to that of moist soil and in which the pellets hydrate readily and are disposable in water and in which the pellets are sufficiently dense that they retain their structural integrity on hydration, the pellets having a density of approximately one cubic centimeter per gram, wherein the pheromone-like attractant substance is 100-5,000 parts per million (by weight) of the litter, and the litter material contains sodium acid sulfate to neutralize animal urine while maintaining the pH of the litter between 4 and 4.5.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
50 words
An animal litter comprising a plurality of individual pellets of ground paper having a density in the range of 0.75 cubic centimeters per gram to 1.1 cubic centimeters per gram and having a moisture content of 10-25% (by dry weight) of the litter and a thickness of from 0.16-0.80 centimeters.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
50 words
An animal litter comprising a plurality of individual pellets of ground paper having a density in the range of 0.75 cubic centimeters per gram to 1.1 cubic centimeters per gram and having a moisture content of 10-25% (by dry weight) of the litter and a thickness of from 0.16-0.80 centimeters.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
28 words
The animal litter of claim 24 in which said moisture content is 15-16% (by dry weight) of the litter and said density is one cubic centimeter per gram.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
25 words
The animal litter of claim 25 in which the cross section of said pellets is generally circular and the diameter thereof is said 0.16-0.80 centimeters.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
17 words
The animal litter of claim 26 in which said pellets have a length of approximately 1.25 centimeters.
Claim 34
Independent Claim
139 words
A method of preparing an animal litter, which comprises the steps of adding a pheromone-like attractant substance to water to form an aqueous solution and mixing said aqueous solution with ground paper in quantities such that the paper has a water content of 10-25% (by dry weight) of the litter, and compacting the ground paper into pellets after the aqueous solution has been absorbed therein so that a. the consistency of the litter is comparable to that of moist soil; b. the pellets hydrate readily and are disposable in water; and c. the pellets are sufficiently dense that they retain their structural integrity on hydration, wherein the pheromone-like attractant substance is 100-5,000 parts per million (by weight) of the litter, and the litter material contains an acid salt in sufficient quantity to maintain the pH between 4 and 4.5.
Claim 35
Independent Claim
139 words
A method of preparing an animal litter, which comprises the steps of adding a pheromone-like attractant substance to water to form an aqueous solution and mixing said aqueous solution with ground paper in quantities such that the paper has a water content of 10-25% (by dry weight) of the litter, and compacting the ground paper into pellets after the aqueous solution has been absorbed therein so that a. the consistency of the litter is comparable to that of moist soil; b. the pellets hydrate readily and are disposable in water; and c. the pellets are sufficiently dense that they retain their structural integrity on hydration, wherein the pheromone-like attractant substance is 100-5,000 parts per million (by weight) of the litter, and the litter material contains an acid salt in sufficient quantity to maintain the pH between 4 and 4.5.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-04-27 | 1984-10-27 | 1985-04-28 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-04-27 | 1988-10-27 | 1989-04-28 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-04-27 | 1992-10-27 | 1993-04-28 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |