US4248939A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Process for double coating paper and product thereof
Assignee: Hercules LLC
•
Filing: 1979-10-12
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Granted: 1981-02-03
•
Expires: 1999-10-12
Abstract
Abstract This invention relates to organic pigment-containing paper coating systems which require less severe calendering conditions to develop the surface and optical properties of paper than coating systems using inorganic pigments alone. It comprises overcoating a pre-applied mineral based coating with an organic pigment based coating.
Inventors
- 👤 Charles L. Parsons
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 13:24
CPC Classifications
D; D21; D21H; D21H19/00; D21H19/80; D21H19/82; D21H19/822; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/31504; Y10T428/31855; Y10T428/3188; Y10T428/31884; Y10T428/31891; Y10T428/31895; Y10T428/31906
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 28
Claim 1
Independent Claim
472 words
A paper coating process comprising: A. applying to the surface of a paper substrate a first coating of a composition comprising an inorganic pigment and a binder; and B. applying onto the surface of said first coating a second coating of a composition comprising an organic pigment and a binder, said organic pigment being water-insoluble graft copolymer particles consisting essentially of the free radical catalyzed graft copolymerization product of (1) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer and (2) a water-soluble prepolymer, the prepolymer moiety of the graft copolymer particles being present on the surface of the particles, said monomer (1) being selected from the group consisting of methyl alpha-chloroacrylate, ethyl alpha-chloroacrylate, methyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, and monomers having the formula ##STR11## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, Y is methyl or chlorine, and n is 0, 1, 2, or 3 and said prepolymer (2) being selected from the group consisting of: a. anionic prepolymers prepared by the addition polymerization of a vinyl monomer or mixtures of vinyl monomers; b. nonionic prepolymers prepared by the addition polymerization of a vinyl monomer or mixtures of vinyl monomers and; c. cationic prepolymers prepared by the addition polymerization of (i) about 5 mole percent to about 95 mole percent of at least one cationic monomer selected from the group consisting of ##STR12## wherein R 1 is hydrogen or methyl, R 2 is hydrogen or a C 1 -C 4 alkyl, R 3 is hydrogen, a C 1 -C 4 alkyl, ##STR13## where Y is hydroxyl or halogen, ##STR14## and (CH 2 CH 2 O) n H where n is an integer 1 or more and X - is an anion, ##STR15## wherein R 1 is hydrogen or a C 1 -C 4 alkyl, R 2 is hydrogen, alkyl or substituted alkyl, and R 3 and X - are as defined in formula (I), ##STR16## wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and X - are as defined in formula (I), ##STR17## wherein R 1 , R 3 and X - are as defined in formula (I), ##STR18## wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and X - are as defined in formula (I), and n is an integer 1, 2 or 3 and ##STR19## wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and X - are as defined in formula (I), and (ii) from about 95 mole percent to about 5 mole percent of at least one ethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomer selected from the group consisting of N-vinyl pyrrolidone, ethylenically unsaturated monomers having amide functionality, and ethylenically unsaturated monomers having hydroxyl functionality, the amount of prepolymer (2) employed in preparing the graft copolymer particles being from about 1 part to about 25 parts by weight for each 100 parts by weight of monomer (1) employed.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
472 words
A paper coating process comprising: A. applying to the surface of a paper substrate a first coating of a composition comprising an inorganic pigment and a binder; and B. applying onto the surface of said first coating a second coating of a composition comprising an organic pigment and a binder, said organic pigment being water-insoluble graft copolymer particles consisting essentially of the free radical catalyzed graft copolymerization product of (1) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer and (2) a water-soluble prepolymer, the prepolymer moiety of the graft copolymer particles being present on the surface of the particles, said monomer (1) being selected from the group consisting of methyl alpha-chloroacrylate, ethyl alpha-chloroacrylate, methyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, and monomers having the formula ##STR11## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, Y is methyl or chlorine, and n is 0, 1, 2, or 3 and said prepolymer (2) being selected from the group consisting of: a. anionic prepolymers prepared by the addition polymerization of a vinyl monomer or mixtures of vinyl monomers; b. nonionic prepolymers prepared by the addition polymerization of a vinyl monomer or mixtures of vinyl monomers and; c. cationic prepolymers prepared by the addition polymerization of (i) about 5 mole percent to about 95 mole percent of at least one cationic monomer selected from the group consisting of ##STR12## wherein R 1 is hydrogen or methyl, R 2 is hydrogen or a C 1 -C 4 alkyl, R 3 is hydrogen, a C 1 -C 4 alkyl, ##STR13## where Y is hydroxyl or halogen, ##STR14## and (CH 2 CH 2 O) n H where n is an integer 1 or more and X - is an anion, ##STR15## wherein R 1 is hydrogen or a C 1 -C 4 alkyl, R 2 is hydrogen, alkyl or substituted alkyl, and R 3 and X - are as defined in formula (I), ##STR16## wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and X - are as defined in formula (I), ##STR17## wherein R 1 , R 3 and X - are as defined in formula (I), ##STR18## wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and X - are as defined in formula (I), and n is an integer 1, 2 or 3 and ##STR19## wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and X - are as defined in formula (I), and (ii) from about 95 mole percent to about 5 mole percent of at least one ethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomer selected from the group consisting of N-vinyl pyrrolidone, ethylenically unsaturated monomers having amide functionality, and ethylenically unsaturated monomers having hydroxyl functionality, the amount of prepolymer (2) employed in preparing the graft copolymer particles being from about 1 part to about 25 parts by weight for each 100 parts by weight of monomer (1) employed.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the monomer (1) is styrene.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
30 words
The process of claim 1 wherein there is employed in combination with monomer (1) a polyethylenically unsaturated monomer in an amount at least sufficient to provide cross-linked graft copolymer particles.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
45 words
The process of claim 3 wherein the polyethylenically unsaturated monomer is selected from divinylbenzene; diallyl phthalate; ethylene glycol dimethacrylate; 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate; 1,6-hexane diol dimethacrylate; polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate; polypropylene glycol dimethacrylate; trivinylbenzene; divinylnaphthalene; diallyl maleate; diallyl fumarate; trimethylol propane trimethacrylate; pentaerythritol tetraacrylate; and mixtures thereof.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process of claim 4 wherein the monomer (1) is styrene, prepolymer (2) is a copolymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid, and the polyethylenically unsaturated monomer is divinylbenzene.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
30 words
The process of claim 4 wherein the monomer (1) is styrene, prepolymer (2) is a copolymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid, and the polyethylenically unsaturated monomer is ethylene glycol dimethacrylate.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
30 words
The process of claim 4 wherein the monomer (1) is styrene, prepolymer (2) is a copolymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid, and the polyethylenically unsaturated monomer is 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
29 words
The process of claim 4 wherein the monomer (1) is styrene, prepolymer (2) is a copolymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid, and the polyethylenically unsaturated monomer is diallyl phthalate.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process of claim 1 wherein monomer (1) is styrene and (i) of prepolymer (2) is the monomer of formula (II) and (ii) of prepolymer (2) is acrylamide.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process of claim 1 wherein monomer (1) is styrene and prepolymer (2) is a copolymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 1 wherein monomer (1) is styrene and prepolymer (2) is poly(vinyl alcohol).
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the prepolymer moiety of the graft copolymer particles has chemically bonded thereto a cellulose reactive group.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 12 wherein the cellulose reactive group is an aldehyde.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
469 words
A coated paper comprising a paper substrate having adhered to at least one surface thereof a first coating composition comprised of an inorganic pigment and a binder and having adhered to said first coating composition a second coating composition comprised of a binder and an organic pigment, said organic pigment being water-insoluble graft copolymer particles consisting essentially of the free radical catalyzed graft copolymerization product of (1) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer and (2) a water-soluble prepolymer, the prepolymer moiety of the graft copolymer particles being present on the surface of the particles, said monomer (1) being selected from the group consisting of methyl alpha-chloroacrylate, ethyl alpha-chloroacrylate, methyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, and monomers having the formula ##STR20## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, Y is methyl or chlorine, and n is 0, 1, 2, or 3 and said prepolymer (2) being selected from the group consisting of: a. anionic prepolymers prepared by the addition polymerization of a vinyl monomer or mixtures of vinyl monomers; b. nonionic prepolymers prepared by the addition polymerization of a vinyl monomer or mixtures of vinyl monomers and; c. cationic prepolymers prepared by the addition polymerization of (i) about 5 mole percent to about 95 mole percent of at least one cationic monomer selected from the group consisting of ##STR21## wherein R 1 is hydrogen or methyl, R 2 is hydrogen or a C 1 -C 4 alkyl, R 3 is hydrogen, a C 1 -C 4 alkyl, ##STR22## where Y is hydroxyl or halogen, ##STR23## and (--CH 2 CH 2 O) n H where n is an integer 1 or more and X - is an anion, ##STR24## wherein R 1 is hydrogen or a C 1 -C 4 alkyl, R 2 is hydrogen, alkyl or substituted alkyl, and R 3 and X - are as defined in formula (I), ##STR25## wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and X - are as defined in formula (I), ##STR26## wherein R 1 , R 3 and X - are as defined in formula (I), ##STR27## wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and X - are as defined in formula (I), and n is an integer 1, 2 or 3 and ##STR28## wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and X - are as defined in formula (I), and (ii) from about 95 mole percent to about 5 mole percent of at least one ethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomer selected from the group consisting of N-vinyl pyrrolidone, ethylenically unsaturated monomers having amide functionality, and ethylenically unsaturated monomers having hydroxyl functionality, the amount of prepolymer (2) employed in preparing the graft copolymer particles being from about 1 part to about 25 parts by weight for each 100 parts by weight of monomer (1) employed.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
469 words
A coated paper comprising a paper substrate having adhered to at least one surface thereof a first coating composition comprised of an inorganic pigment and a binder and having adhered to said first coating composition a second coating composition comprised of a binder and an organic pigment, said organic pigment being water-insoluble graft copolymer particles consisting essentially of the free radical catalyzed graft copolymerization product of (1) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer and (2) a water-soluble prepolymer, the prepolymer moiety of the graft copolymer particles being present on the surface of the particles, said monomer (1) being selected from the group consisting of methyl alpha-chloroacrylate, ethyl alpha-chloroacrylate, methyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, and monomers having the formula ##STR20## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, Y is methyl or chlorine, and n is 0, 1, 2, or 3 and said prepolymer (2) being selected from the group consisting of: a. anionic prepolymers prepared by the addition polymerization of a vinyl monomer or mixtures of vinyl monomers; b. nonionic prepolymers prepared by the addition polymerization of a vinyl monomer or mixtures of vinyl monomers and; c. cationic prepolymers prepared by the addition polymerization of (i) about 5 mole percent to about 95 mole percent of at least one cationic monomer selected from the group consisting of ##STR21## wherein R 1 is hydrogen or methyl, R 2 is hydrogen or a C 1 -C 4 alkyl, R 3 is hydrogen, a C 1 -C 4 alkyl, ##STR22## where Y is hydroxyl or halogen, ##STR23## and (--CH 2 CH 2 O) n H where n is an integer 1 or more and X - is an anion, ##STR24## wherein R 1 is hydrogen or a C 1 -C 4 alkyl, R 2 is hydrogen, alkyl or substituted alkyl, and R 3 and X - are as defined in formula (I), ##STR25## wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and X - are as defined in formula (I), ##STR26## wherein R 1 , R 3 and X - are as defined in formula (I), ##STR27## wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and X - are as defined in formula (I), and n is an integer 1, 2 or 3 and ##STR28## wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and X - are as defined in formula (I), and (ii) from about 95 mole percent to about 5 mole percent of at least one ethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomer selected from the group consisting of N-vinyl pyrrolidone, ethylenically unsaturated monomers having amide functionality, and ethylenically unsaturated monomers having hydroxyl functionality, the amount of prepolymer (2) employed in preparing the graft copolymer particles being from about 1 part to about 25 parts by weight for each 100 parts by weight of monomer (1) employed.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
12 words
The coated paper of claim 14 wherein the monomer (1) is styrene.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
31 words
The coated paper of claim 14 wherein there is employed in combination with monomer (1) a polyethylenically unsaturated monomer in an amount at least sufficient to provide cross-linked graft copolymer particles.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
46 words
The coated paper of claim 16 wherein the polyethylenically unsaturated monomer is selected from divinylbenzene; diallyl phthalate; ethylene glycol dimethacrylate; 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate; 1,6-hexane diol dimethacrylate; polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate; polypropylene glycol dimethacrylate; trivinylbenzene; divinylnaphthalene; diallyl maleate, diallyl fumarate; trimethylol propane trimethacrylate; pentaerythritol tetraacrylate; and mixtures thereof.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
29 words
The coated paper of claim 16 wherein the monomer (1) is styrene, prepolymer (2) is a copolymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid, and the polyethylenically unsaturated monomer is divinylbenzene.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
31 words
The coated paper of claim 16 wherein the monomer (1) is styrene, prepolymer (2) is a copolymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid, and the polyethylenically unsaturated monomer is ethylene glycol dimethacrylate.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
31 words
The coated paper of claim 16 wherein the monomer (1) is styrene, prepolymer (2) is a copolymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid, and the polyethylenically unsaturated monomer is 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
30 words
The coated paper of claim 16 wherein the monomer (1) is styrene, prepolymer (2) is a copolymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid, and the polyethylenically unsaturated monomer is diallyl phthalate.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
29 words
The coated paper of claim 14 wherein monomer (1) is styrene and (i) of prepolymer (2) is the monomer of formula (II) and (ii) of prepolymer (2) is acrylamide.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
22 words
The coated paper of claim 14 wherein monomer (1) is styrene and prepolymer (2) is a copolymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
17 words
The coated paper of claim 14 wherein monomer (1) is styrene and prepolymer (2) is poly(vinyl alcohol).
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
23 words
The coated paper of claim 14 wherein the prepolymer moiety of the graft copolymer particles has chemically bonded thereto a cellulose reactive group.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
14 words
The coated paper of claim 25 wherein the cellulose reactive group is an aldehyde.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-02-03 | 1984-08-04 | 1985-02-03 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-02-03 | 1988-08-04 | 1989-02-03 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-02-03 | 1992-08-04 | 1993-02-03 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |