Patent US4248680A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4248680A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Electrolytic process and apparatus
Assignee: PPG Industries Inc
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Filing: 1979-01-24
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Granted: 1981-02-03
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Expires: 1999-01-24
Abstract
Abstract Disclosed is an electrolytic cell having an anode, a cathode, and a synthetic fluoro-carbon-resin permionic membrane between the anode and cathode. The improvement is characterized by the fluorocarbon-resin permionic membrane being a fluorinated copolymer having carboxylic acid ion exchange groups and the cathode having a catalytic, non-ferrous surface. Also disclosed is a process of producing an alkali metal hydroxide by electrolyzing an aqueous alkali metal chloride brine in an electrolytic cell having the anode separated from a catalytic, non-ferrous cathode by a synthetic fluorocarbon-resin permionic membrane having carboxylic acid ion exchange groups.
Inventors
- 👤 William W. Carlin
- 👤 William B. Darlington
- 👤 Donald W. DuBois
- 👤 Roseanne M. Woo
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 22:39
CPC Classifications
C; C25; C25B; C25B1/00; C25B1/01; C25B1/34; C25B1/46
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 30
Claim 1
Independent Claim
77 words
In a process of producing alkali metal hydroxide comprising electrolyzing an aqueous alkali metal chloride brine in an electrolytic cell having an anode, a cathode comprising a substrate with a catalytic surface thereon, said anode being separated from cathode by a synthetic fluorocarbon resin permionic membrane, the improvement wherein a. said flurocarbon resin perminoic membrane is a fluorinated copolymer having carboxylic acid ion exchange groups; and b. said cathode catalytic surface is a non-ferrous, porous, catalytic, surface.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
77 words
In a process of producing alkali metal hydroxide comprising electrolyzing an aqueous alkali metal chloride brine in an electrolytic cell having an anode, a cathode comprising a substrate with a catalytic surface thereon, said anode being separated from cathode by a synthetic fluorocarbon resin permionic membrane, the improvement wherein a. said flurocarbon resin perminoic membrane is a fluorinated copolymer having carboxylic acid ion exchange groups; and b. said cathode catalytic surface is a non-ferrous, porous, catalytic, surface.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the cathode comprises an electroconductive ferrous substate, and a non ferrous, porous, catalytic surface thereon.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 2 wherein the non-ferrous, porous, catalytic surface comprises nickel.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 3 wherein the non-ferrous, porous, catalytic surface comprises nickel and molybdenum.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 2 wherein the non-ferrous, porous, catalytic surface comprises cobalt oxide.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 5 wherein the non-ferrous, porous, catalytic surface further comprises tungsten and phosphorus.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
185 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the fluorinated polymer has the moieties ##STR3## where X is --F, --Cl, H or --CF 3 ; X' and X" respectively are --F, --Cl, --H, --CF 3 or CF 3 (CF 2 ) m --; m is 1 to 5; Y is --A, --φ--A, --P--A, --O(CF 2 ) n (P,Q,R)--A, wherein at least one of P, Q, R are present and P is --(CF 2 ) a (CXX,) b (CF 2 c; Q is --(CF 2 --O--CXX') d ; R is --(CXX'--O--CF 2 ) e and φ is a phenylene group; X and X' are defined above; n is 0 or 1; a, b, c, d, and e respectively 0 to 6; A is --COOH or a functional group which can be coverted to --COOH chosen from the group consisting of --CN, --COF, --COOR, --COOM, --CONR 2 R 3 ; R 1 is a C 1-10 alkyl group; M is chosen from the group consisting of alkali metals and a quaternary ammonium group, and R 2 and R 3 respectively are hydrogen atom or a C 1-10 alkyl group.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
46 words
The process of claim 7 wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of ##STR4## where x, y, and z are respectively 1 to wherein x, y, and z respectively are 1 to 10; Z and R respectively are --F and a C 1-10 perfluoroalkyl group.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
77 words
In a process of producing alkali metal hydroxide comprising electrolyzing an aqueous alkali metal chloride brine in an electrolytic cell having an anode, a cathode comprising a substrate with a catalytic surface thereon, said anode separated from cathode by a synthetic fluorocarbon resin permionic membrane, the improvement wherein a. said fluorocarbon resin permionic membrane is a fluroinated copolymer having carboxylic acid ion exchange groups; and b. said cathode catalytic surface is a non-ferrous, porous catalytic, nickel surface.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
77 words
In a process of producing alkali metal hydroxide comprising electrolyzing an aqueous alkali metal chloride brine in an electrolytic cell having an anode, a cathode comprising a substrate with a catalytic surface thereon, said anode separated from cathode by a synthetic fluorocarbon resin permionic membrane, the improvement wherein a. said fluorocarbon resin permionic membrane is a fluroinated copolymer having carboxylic acid ion exchange groups; and b. said cathode catalytic surface is a non-ferrous, porous catalytic, nickel surface.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 9 wherein the non-ferrous, porous, catalytic, nickel surface consists essentially of nickel and molybdenum.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
76 words
In a process of producing alkali metal hydroxide, comprising electrolyzing alkali metal chloride brine in an electrolytic cell having an anode, a cathode comprising a substrate with a catalytic surface thereon, said anode being separated from said cathode by a synthetic fluorocarbon resin permionic membrane, the improvement where: (a) said fluorocarbon is a fluorinated copolymer having carboxylic acid ion exchange groups; and (b) said cathode catalytic surface is a non-ferrous, porous, catalytic surface comprising cobalt oxide.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
76 words
In a process of producing alkali metal hydroxide, comprising electrolyzing alkali metal chloride brine in an electrolytic cell having an anode, a cathode comprising a substrate with a catalytic surface thereon, said anode being separated from said cathode by a synthetic fluorocarbon resin permionic membrane, the improvement where: (a) said fluorocarbon is a fluorinated copolymer having carboxylic acid ion exchange groups; and (b) said cathode catalytic surface is a non-ferrous, porous, catalytic surface comprising cobalt oxide.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 11 wherein the non-ferrous, porous, catalytic surface further comprises tungsten and phosphorous.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
56 words
In an electrolytic cell having an anode, a cathode comprising a substrate with a catalytic surface thereon, and a synthetic flurocarbon resin perminoic membrane therebetween, the improvement wherein: a. said flurocarbon resin permionic membrane is a fluorinated copolymer having carboxylic acid ion exchange groups; and b. said cathode, catalytic surface is a non-ferrous, porous, catalytic surface.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
56 words
In an electrolytic cell having an anode, a cathode comprising a substrate with a catalytic surface thereon, and a synthetic flurocarbon resin perminoic membrane therebetween, the improvement wherein: a. said flurocarbon resin permionic membrane is a fluorinated copolymer having carboxylic acid ion exchange groups; and b. said cathode, catalytic surface is a non-ferrous, porous, catalytic surface.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
21 words
The electrolytic cell of claim 13 wherein the cathode comprises an electroconductive, ferrous substate, and a non-ferrous, porous catalytic surface thereon.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrolytic cell of claim 14 wherein the non-ferrous, porous, catalytic surface comprises nickel.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electrolytic cell of claim 15 wherein the non-ferrous, porous, catalytic surface comprises nickel and molybdenum.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
15 words
The electrolytic cell of claim 14 wherein the non-ferrous, porous, catalytic surface comprises cobalt oxide.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrolytic cell of claim 17 wherein the non-ferrous, porous, catalytic surface further comprises tungsten and phosphorous.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
191 words
The electrolytic cell of claim 13 wherein the fluorinated polymer has the moieties ##STR5## where X is --F, --Cl, --H or --CF 3 ; X; and X" respectively are --F, --Cl, --H, --CF 3 or CF 3 (CF 2 ) m --; m is 1 to 5; Y is --A, --φ--A, --P--A, --O(CF 2 ) n (P,Q,R)--A, wherein at least one of P, Q, and R are present and P is --(CF 2 ) a (CXX') b (CF 2 ) c ; Q is --(CF 2 --O--CXX') d ; R is --(CXX'--O--CF 2 ) e ahd θ a phenylene group; X and X' are defined above; n is 0 or 1; a, b, c, d, and e are respectively 0 to 6; A is --COOH or a functional group which can be coverted to --COOH chosen from the group consisting of --CN, --COF, --COOR, --COOM, --CONR 2 R 3 ; R 1 is a C 1-10 alkyl group; M is chosen from the group consisting of an alkali metal and a quaternary ammonium group, and R 2 and R 3 are respectively a hydrogen atom or a C 1-10 alkyl group.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
38 words
The electrolytic cell of claim 19 wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of ##STR6## wherein x, y, and z respectively are 1 to 10; Z and R respectively are --F and a C 1-10 perfluoroalkyl group.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
56 words
In an electrolytic cell having an anode, a cathode comprising a substrate with a catalytic surface thereon, and a synthetic fluorocarbon resin permionic membrane therebetween, the improvement wherein: a. said fluorocarbon resin permionic membrane is a fluorinated copolymer having carboxylic acid ion exchange groups and b. said cathode surface is a porous, non-ferrous catalytic nickel surface.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
56 words
In an electrolytic cell having an anode, a cathode comprising a substrate with a catalytic surface thereon, and a synthetic fluorocarbon resin permionic membrane therebetween, the improvement wherein: a. said fluorocarbon resin permionic membrane is a fluorinated copolymer having carboxylic acid ion exchange groups and b. said cathode surface is a porous, non-ferrous catalytic nickel surface.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
19 words
The electrolytic cell of claim 21 wherein the porous, non-ferrous, catalytic nickel surface consists essentially of nickel and molybdenum.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
56 words
In an electrolytic cell having an anode, a cathode comprising a substrate with a catalytic surface thereon, and a synthetic fluorocarbon resin permionic resin therebetween, the improvement wherein: (a) said fluorocarbon is a fluorinated copolymer having carboxylic acid ion exchange groups; and (b) said cathode catalytic surface is a non-ferrous, porous, catalytic surface comprising cobalt oxide.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
56 words
In an electrolytic cell having an anode, a cathode comprising a substrate with a catalytic surface thereon, and a synthetic fluorocarbon resin permionic resin therebetween, the improvement wherein: (a) said fluorocarbon is a fluorinated copolymer having carboxylic acid ion exchange groups; and (b) said cathode catalytic surface is a non-ferrous, porous, catalytic surface comprising cobalt oxide.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrolytic cell of claim 23 wherein the non-ferrous, porous, catalytic surface further comprises tungsten and phosphorous.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-02-03 | 1984-08-04 | 1985-02-03 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-02-03 | 1988-08-04 | 1989-02-03 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-02-03 | 1992-08-04 | 1993-02-03 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |