Patent US4235698A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4235698A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Electronic water treatment apparatus
Assignee: Hydrotreat Inc
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Filing: 1978-10-10
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Granted: 1980-11-25
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Expires: 1998-10-10
Abstract
Abstract Disclosed is an electronic fluid treatment device for use in circulating fluid systems for controlling and removal of scale materials. This device includes a series of electrodes in the form of parallel metal sheets. Alternate electrodes are oppositely charged by a low voltage DC power supply thereby generating an electric field between adjacent electrodes. By passing the fluid through this electric field, any mineral particles in the fluid are electrically modified thereby inhibiting crystal growth and agglomeration which results in scale deposits on the inner walls of circulating systems. The planar metal electrodes are directly exposed to the fluid with the planar configuration allowing maximum exposure to the electric field. The metal electrodes may be placed on a support so as to be parallel to the flow of the fluid or longitudinal therewith, using perforated, expanded, or screen mesh metal planar electrodes. The parallel plate electrode configuration may be utilized in both a pressure system by enclosing the parallel plates in a rectangular conduit or in an open circulating fluid system as for example a cooling tower basin.
Inventors
- 👤 Johnny Arnaud
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 14:26
CPC Classifications
C; C02; C02F; C02F1/00; C02F1/48; B; B03; B03C; B03C5/00; B03C5/02; C10; C10G; C10G32/00; C10G32/02; C02F1/46; C02F1/461; C02F1/46104; C02F1/46109; C02F2001/46152; C02F2201/00; C02F2201/46; C02F2201/461; C02F2201/46105; C02F2201/4616; C02F2201/4617; C02F2201/46175; C02F2303/00; C02F2303/22
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 40
Claim 1
Independent Claim
142 words
An electronic fluid treatment apparatus for scale control for use in freely circulating fluid reservoirs comprising: an open ended support having at least one planar surface; means for supporting an electric field having a potential voltage greater than 0.7 volts including: a first plurality of planar electrodes having a positive electrical charge, vertically disposed on said surface in spaced parallel relationship to one another, and, a second plurality of planar electrodes having a negative electrical charge, vertically disposed on said surface in alternating spaced parallel relationship with said first plurality of planar electrodes and electrically insulated therefrom, said first and second plurality of planar electrodes being in direct electrical contact with said fluid; and, a power supply electronically connected to said first and second plurality of electrodes for generating said electric field between each of said alternating first and second planar electrodes.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
142 words
An electronic fluid treatment apparatus for scale control for use in freely circulating fluid reservoirs comprising: an open ended support having at least one planar surface; means for supporting an electric field having a potential voltage greater than 0.7 volts including: a first plurality of planar electrodes having a positive electrical charge, vertically disposed on said surface in spaced parallel relationship to one another, and, a second plurality of planar electrodes having a negative electrical charge, vertically disposed on said surface in alternating spaced parallel relationship with said first plurality of planar electrodes and electrically insulated therefrom, said first and second plurality of planar electrodes being in direct electrical contact with said fluid; and, a power supply electronically connected to said first and second plurality of electrodes for generating said electric field between each of said alternating first and second planar electrodes.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
46 words
An electronic fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein said support comprises first and second planar surfaces located in spaced parallel relationship to one another, wherein said first and second plurality of planar electrodes are located between said first and second planar surfaces.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
22 words
A fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein said at least one planar surface comprises a dielectric insulating material.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
22 words
A fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein said first and second plurality of planar electrodes comprise metal plates.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
15 words
A fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 4 wherein said metal is platinum.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
16 words
A fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 4 wherein said metal is stainless steel.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
15 words
A fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 4 wherein said metal is titanium.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
15 words
A fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 4 wherein said metal is monel.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
26 words
A fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein each of said first and second plurality of planar electrodes comprise a perforated metal sheet.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
27 words
A fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein each of said first and second plurality of planar electrodes comprise a screen mesh metal sheet.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
27 words
A fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein each of said first and second plurality of planar electrodes comprise a sheet of expanded metal.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
32 words
A fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein each of said first and second plurality of planar electrodes are electrically insulated from one another by a dielectric insulating material.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
20 words
A fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein said power supply is a pulsating DC power supply.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
153 words
An electronic fluid treatment apparatus for scale control for use in freely circulating fluid reservoirs comprising: an open ended support having at least one planar surface; means for supporting an electric field having a potential voltage greater than 0.7 volts including: a first plurality of planar electrodes having a positive electrical charge, vertically disposed on said surface in spaced parallel relationship to one another, and, a second plurality of planar electrodes having a negative electrical charge, vertically disposed on said surface in alternating spaced parallel relationship with said first plurality of planar electrodes and electrically insulated therefrom; said first and second plurality of planar electrodes located on said support member parallel to the direction of flow of said circulating fluid, said first and second plurality electrodes being in electrical contact with said fluid; and, a power supply for generating said electric field between each of said alternating first and second plurality of electrodes.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
153 words
An electronic fluid treatment apparatus for scale control for use in freely circulating fluid reservoirs comprising: an open ended support having at least one planar surface; means for supporting an electric field having a potential voltage greater than 0.7 volts including: a first plurality of planar electrodes having a positive electrical charge, vertically disposed on said surface in spaced parallel relationship to one another, and, a second plurality of planar electrodes having a negative electrical charge, vertically disposed on said surface in alternating spaced parallel relationship with said first plurality of planar electrodes and electrically insulated therefrom; said first and second plurality of planar electrodes located on said support member parallel to the direction of flow of said circulating fluid, said first and second plurality electrodes being in electrical contact with said fluid; and, a power supply for generating said electric field between each of said alternating first and second plurality of electrodes.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
31 words
An electronic fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 14 wherein each of said first and second plurality of electrodes comprise apertured planar metal electrodes for providing multi-directional fluid treatment.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
46 words
An electronic fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 14 wherein said support comprises first and second planar surfaces located in spaced parallel relationship to one another, wherein said first and second plurality of planar electrodes are located between said first and second planar surfaces.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
41 words
An electronic fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 16 further including an apertured metal electrode attached to the edge of said first and second planar surfaces so as to be perpendicular with said first and second plurality of electrodes.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
30 words
An electronic fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 14, further including a flange extending from at least one planar surface for supporting said device over a recessed area.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
22 words
An electronic fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 16 wherein said first and second plurality of electrodes comprise metal plates.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
18 words
An electronic apparatus for fluid treatment as set forth in claim 19 wherein said metal is stainless steel.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
16 words
An electronic fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 19 wherein said metal is platinum.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
16 words
An electronic fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 19 wherein said metal is titanium.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
150 words
An electronic fluid treatment apparatus for scale control for use in freely circulating fluid reservoirs comprising: an open ended support having at least one planar surface; means for supporting an electric field having a potential voltage greater than 0.7 volts including: a first plurality of planar electrodes having a positive electrical charge, vertically disposed on said surface in spaced parallel relationship to one another, and, a second plurality of planar electrodes having a negative electrical charge, vertically disposed on said surface in alternating spaced parallel relationship with said first plurality of planar electrodes and electrically insulated therefrom, said first and second plurality of electrodes located on said support member in a longitudinal manner against fluid flow, said first and second plurality of electrodes being in electrical contact with said fluid; and, a power supply for generating said electric field between each of said alternating first and second plurality of electrodes.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
150 words
An electronic fluid treatment apparatus for scale control for use in freely circulating fluid reservoirs comprising: an open ended support having at least one planar surface; means for supporting an electric field having a potential voltage greater than 0.7 volts including: a first plurality of planar electrodes having a positive electrical charge, vertically disposed on said surface in spaced parallel relationship to one another, and, a second plurality of planar electrodes having a negative electrical charge, vertically disposed on said surface in alternating spaced parallel relationship with said first plurality of planar electrodes and electrically insulated therefrom, said first and second plurality of electrodes located on said support member in a longitudinal manner against fluid flow, said first and second plurality of electrodes being in electrical contact with said fluid; and, a power supply for generating said electric field between each of said alternating first and second plurality of electrodes.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
24 words
An electronic fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 23 wherein said first and second plurality of electrodes comprise a screen metal mesh.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
24 words
An electronic fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 23 wherein said first and second plurality of electrodes comprise a perforated metal sheet.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
25 words
An electronic fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 23 wherein said first and second plurality of electrodes comprise a sheet of expanded metal.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
46 words
An electronic fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 23 wherein said support comprises first and second planar surfaces located in spaced parallel relationship to one another, wherein said first and second plurality of planar electrodes are located between said first and second planar surfaces.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
30 words
An electronic fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 23 further including a flange extending from at least one planar surface for supporting the device over a recessed area.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
23 words
An electronic fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 23 wherein said at least one planar surface comprises a dielectric insulating material.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
133 words
An electronic fluid treatment system for scale control in freely circulating fluid reservoirs comprising: a plurality of electronic fluid treatment devices each having an open ended support having at least one planar surface, means for supporting an electric field having a potential voltage greater than 0.7 volts including: a first and second plurality of planar electrodes oppositely charged and located on said support in alternating spaced parallel relationship to one another, said first and second plurality of electrodes being in electrical contact with said fluid; and at least one power supply having conductors electrically connecting each of said first plurality of electrodes to one another, and each of said second plurality to one another, so as to generate said electric field between each of said alternating first and second plurality of said electrodes.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
133 words
An electronic fluid treatment system for scale control in freely circulating fluid reservoirs comprising: a plurality of electronic fluid treatment devices each having an open ended support having at least one planar surface, means for supporting an electric field having a potential voltage greater than 0.7 volts including: a first and second plurality of planar electrodes oppositely charged and located on said support in alternating spaced parallel relationship to one another, said first and second plurality of electrodes being in electrical contact with said fluid; and at least one power supply having conductors electrically connecting each of said first plurality of electrodes to one another, and each of said second plurality to one another, so as to generate said electric field between each of said alternating first and second plurality of said electrodes.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
156 words
An electronic fluid treatment apparatus for scale control for use in freely circulating reservoir systems having fluid flowing in multiple directions comprising: an open ended support having at least one planar surface; means for supporting an electric field having a potential voltage greater than 0.7 volts including: a first plurality of intersecting planar electrodes disposed on said at least one planar surface having a positive electrical charge, and, a second plurality of intersecting planar electrodes disposed on said at least one planar surface in interspaced relationship with said first plurality of said electrodes, and insulated therefrom, said first and second plurality of electrodes being in electrical contact with said fluid, and, a power supply electrically connecting each of said first plurality of said electrodes to one another and each of said second plurality of electrodes to one another so as to generate said electric field between each of said interspaced first and second plurality of electrodes.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
156 words
An electronic fluid treatment apparatus for scale control for use in freely circulating reservoir systems having fluid flowing in multiple directions comprising: an open ended support having at least one planar surface; means for supporting an electric field having a potential voltage greater than 0.7 volts including: a first plurality of intersecting planar electrodes disposed on said at least one planar surface having a positive electrical charge, and, a second plurality of intersecting planar electrodes disposed on said at least one planar surface in interspaced relationship with said first plurality of said electrodes, and insulated therefrom, said first and second plurality of electrodes being in electrical contact with said fluid, and, a power supply electrically connecting each of said first plurality of said electrodes to one another and each of said second plurality of electrodes to one another so as to generate said electric field between each of said interspaced first and second plurality of electrodes.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
23 words
An electronic fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 31 wherein said first and second plurality of electrodes comprise apertured metal sheets.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
22 words
An electronic fluid treatment apparatus as set forth in claim 31 wherein said first and second plurality of electrodes comprise metal plates.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
87 words
Apparatus for fluid treatment in a freely circulating reservoir comprising: a support having at least one planar surface; means for supporting an electric field having a potential voltage greater than 0.7 volts including: a plurality of planar electrodes vertically disposed on said at least one planar surface in spaced parallel relationship to one another wherein said alternating electrodes having positive and negative charges respectively; and, a power supply electrically connected to said plurality of said electrodes for generating said electric field between each of said alternating electrodes.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
87 words
Apparatus for fluid treatment in a freely circulating reservoir comprising: a support having at least one planar surface; means for supporting an electric field having a potential voltage greater than 0.7 volts including: a plurality of planar electrodes vertically disposed on said at least one planar surface in spaced parallel relationship to one another wherein said alternating electrodes having positive and negative charges respectively; and, a power supply electrically connected to said plurality of said electrodes for generating said electric field between each of said alternating electrodes.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1983-11-25 | 1984-05-26 | 1984-11-25 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1987-11-25 | 1988-05-26 | 1988-11-25 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1991-11-25 | 1992-05-26 | 1992-11-25 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |