Patent US4213797A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4213797A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Radiant energy to electric energy converter
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1978-03-23
•
Granted: 1980-07-22
•
Expires: 1998-03-23
Abstract
Abstract Radiant energy is converted into electric energy by irradiating a capacitor including an ionic dielectric. The dielectric is a sintered crystal superionic conductor, e.g., lanthanum trifluoride, lanthanum trichloride, or silver bromide, so that a multiplicity of crystallites exist between electrodes of the capacitor. The radiant energy cyclically irradiates the dielectric so that the dielectric exhibits a cyclic photocapacitive like effect. Adjacent crystallites have abutting surfaces that enable the crystallites to effectively form a multiplicity of series capacitor elements between the electrodes. Each of the capacitor elements has a dipole layer only on or near its surface. The capacitor is initially charged to a voltage just below the dielectric breakdown voltage by connecting it across a DC source causing a current to flow through a charging resistor to the dielectric. The device can be utilized as a radiant energy detector or as a solar energy cell.
Inventors
- 👤 Arden Sher
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 02:53
CPC Classifications
H; H10; H10F; H10F30/00; H10F30/20; H01; H01G; H01G7/00
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 86
Claim 1
Independent Claim
89 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be cyclically irradiated by said radiant energy, the properties of said dielectric being dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, the capacitance of the capacitor being modulated in response to the cyclic irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the capacitance modulation.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
89 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be cyclically irradiated by said radiant energy, the properties of said dielectric being dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, the capacitance of the capacitor being modulated in response to the cyclic irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the capacitance modulation.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
38 words
The apparatus of claim 1 further including means for initially charging the capacitor to a voltage sufficient to cause a current to flow in the load, said voltage being less than the breakdown voltage of the capacitor dielectric.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
55 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the dielectric includes a multiplicity of crystallites between the electrodes, adjacent ones of said crystallites having abutting surfaces that enable the crystallites to effectively form a multiplicity of series capacitor elements between the electrodes, each of said capacitor elements having a dipole layer only on or near its surface.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
38 words
The apparatus of claim 3 further including means for initially charging the capacitor to a voltage sufficient to cause a current to flow in the load, said voltage being less than the breakdown voltage of the capacitor dielectric.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
27 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein one of the electrodes includes window means for the radiant energy, the radiant energy irradiating the dielectric through the window means.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
84 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be cyclically irradiated by said radiant energy, said dielectric being selected from the group consisting of the superionic conductors, the capacitance of the capacitor being modulated in response to the cyclic irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the capacitance modulation.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
84 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be cyclically irradiated by said radiant energy, said dielectric being selected from the group consisting of the superionic conductors, the capacitance of the capacitor being modulated in response to the cyclic irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the capacitance modulation.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the dielectric is selected from the group consisting of the rare earth trifluorides and trichlorides.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
38 words
The apparatus of claim 7 further including means for initially charging the capacitor to a voltage sufficient to cause a current to flow in the load, said voltage being less than the breakdown voltage of the capacitor dielectric.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
16 words
The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the dielectric is a sintered rare earth trifluoride or trichloride.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
13 words
The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the dielectric is sintered crystal lanthanum trifluoride.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
38 words
The apparatus of claim 9 further including means for initially charging the capacitor to a voltage sufficient to cause a current to flow in the load, said voltage being less than the breakdown voltage of the capacitor dielectric.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
27 words
The apparatus of claim 6 wherein one of the electrodes includes window means for the radiant energy, the radiant energy irradiating the dielectric through the window means.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
12 words
The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the dielectric is sintered silver bromide.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
87 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be irradiated by the radiant energy, the properties of said dielectric being dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, the capacitance of the capacitor being modulated in response to the irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the capacitance modulation.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
87 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be irradiated by the radiant energy, the properties of said dielectric being dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, the capacitance of the capacitor being modulated in response to the irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the capacitance modulation.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
38 words
The apparatus of claim 14 further including means for initially charging the capacitor to a voltage sufficient to cause a current to flow in the load, said voltage being less than the breakdown voltage of the capacitor dielectric.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
55 words
The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the dielectric includes a multiplicity of crystallites between the electrodes, adjacent ones of said crystallites having abutting surfaces that enable the crystallites to effectively form a multiplicity of series capacitor elements between the electrodes, each of said capacitor elements having a dipole layer only on or near its surface.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
38 words
The apparatus of claim 16 further including means for initially charging the capacitor to a voltage sufficient to cause a current to flow in the load, said voltage being less than the breakdown voltage of the capacitor dielectric.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
81 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing the dielectric to be irradiated by the radiant energy, said dielectric being selected from the group consisting of the superionic conductors, the capacitance of the capacitor being modulated in response to the irradiation, means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the capacitance modulation.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
81 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing the dielectric to be irradiated by the radiant energy, said dielectric being selected from the group consisting of the superionic conductors, the capacitance of the capacitor being modulated in response to the irradiation, means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the capacitance modulation.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
38 words
The apparatus of claim 18 further including means for initially charging the capacitor to a voltage sufficient to cause a current to flow in the load, said voltage being less than the breakdown voltage of the capacitor dielectric.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the dielectric is selected from the group consisting of the rare earth trifluorides and trichlorides.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
38 words
The apparatus of claim 20 further including means for initially charging the capacitor to a voltage sufficient to cause a current to flow in the load, said voltage being less than the breakdown voltage of the capacitor dielectric.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
27 words
The apparatus of claim 19 wherein one of the electrodes includes window means for the radiant energy, the radiant energy irradiating the dielectric through the window means.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
12 words
The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the dielectric is sintered silver bromide.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
16 words
The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the dielectric is a sintered rare earth trifluoride or trichloride.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
13 words
The apparatus of claim 24 wherein the dielectric is sintered crystal lanthanum trifluoride.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
38 words
The apparatus of claim 24 further including means for initially charging the capacitor to a voltage sufficient to cause a current to flow in the load, said voltage being less than the breakdown voltage of the capacitor dielectric.
Claim 31
Independent Claim
82 words
A method of converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising illuminating a capacitor having electrodes and an ionic dielectric with a source of the radiant energy, the properties of said dielectric being dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, the capacitance of the capacitor thereof being modulated in response to the illuminating radiant energy, and connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the capacitance modulation.
Claim 32
Independent Claim
82 words
A method of converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising illuminating a capacitor having electrodes and an ionic dielectric with a source of the radiant energy, the properties of said dielectric being dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, the capacitance of the capacitor thereof being modulated in response to the illuminating radiant energy, and connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the capacitance modulation.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 27 wherein the capacitor is cyclically irradiated by the radiant energy.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
55 words
The method of claim 27 wherein the dielectric includes a multiplicity of crystallites between the electrodes, adjacent ones of said crystallites having abutting surfaces that enable the crystallites to effectively form a multiplicity of series capacitor elements between the electrodes, each of said capacitor elements having a dipole layer only on or near its surface.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 29 further including initially charging the capacitor to a voltage sufficient to cause a current to flow in the load, said voltage being less than the breakdown voltage of the capacitor dielectric.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 27 further including initially charging the capacitor to a voltage sufficient to cause a current to flow in the load, said voltage being less than the breakdown voltage of the capacitor dielectric.
Claim 37
Independent Claim
73 words
A method of converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising illuminating a capacitor having electrodes and an ionic dielectric with a source of radiant energy, said dielectric being selected from the group consisting of the superionic conductors, the capacitance of the capacitor being modulated in response to the irradiation, and connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the capacitance modulation.
Claim 38
Independent Claim
73 words
A method of converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising illuminating a capacitor having electrodes and an ionic dielectric with a source of radiant energy, said dielectric being selected from the group consisting of the superionic conductors, the capacitance of the capacitor being modulated in response to the irradiation, and connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the capacitance modulation.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 32 wherein the capacitor is cyclically irradiated by the radiant energy.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 32 wherein the dielectric is selected from the group consisting of the rare earth trifluorides and trichlorides.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 34 further including initially charging the capacitor to a voltage sufficient to cause a current to flow in the load, said voltage being less than the breakdown voltage of the capacitor dielectric.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 34 wherein the dielectric is a sintered rare earth trifluoride or trichloride.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 32 wherein the dielectric is a sintered crystal lanthanum trifluoride.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 32 further including initially charging the capacitor to a voltage sufficient to cause a current to flow in the load, said voltage being less than the breakdown voltage of the capacitor dielectric.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
91 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be cyclically irradiated by said radiant energy, the properties of said dielectric being dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, the dielectric exhibiting a photocapacitive effect and being modulated in response to the cyclic irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the dielectric modulation.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
91 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be cyclically irradiated by said radiant energy, the properties of said dielectric being dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, the dielectric exhibiting a photocapacitive effect and being modulated in response to the cyclic irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the dielectric modulation.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
115 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be cyclically irradiated by said radiant energy, the properties of said dielectric being dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, the dielectric exhibiting a capacitive effect in response to excitation of trapping electron energy states by the radiant energy at the surface of the dielectric irradiated by the radiant energy and being modulated in response to the cyclic irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the dielectric modulation.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
115 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be cyclically irradiated by said radiant energy, the properties of said dielectric being dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, the dielectric exhibiting a capacitive effect in response to excitation of trapping electron energy states by the radiant energy at the surface of the dielectric irradiated by the radiant energy and being modulated in response to the cyclic irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the dielectric modulation.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
108 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be cyclically irradiated by said radiant energy, the properties of said dielectric being dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, the dielectric exhibiting a photocapacitive effect in response to a photochemical reaction near the surface of the dielectric irradiated by the radiant energy and being modulated in response to the cyclic irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the dielectric modulation.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
108 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be cyclically irradiated by said radiant energy, the properties of said dielectric being dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, the dielectric exhibiting a photocapacitive effect in response to a photochemical reaction near the surface of the dielectric irradiated by the radiant energy and being modulated in response to the cyclic irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the dielectric modulation.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
115 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be cyclically irradiated by said radiant energy, the properties of said dielectric being dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, the dielectric exhibiting a photocapacitive effect in response to electrons injected into the dielectric from one of said electrodes in response to said electrode being irradiated by the radiant energy and being modulated in response to the cyclic irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the dielectric modulation.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
115 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be cyclically irradiated by said radiant energy, the properties of said dielectric being dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, the dielectric exhibiting a photocapacitive effect in response to electrons injected into the dielectric from one of said electrodes in response to said electrode being irradiated by the radiant energy and being modulated in response to the cyclic irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the dielectric modulation.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
86 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be cyclically irradiated by said radiant energy, said dielectric being selected from the group consisting of the superionic conductors, the dielectric exhibiting a photocapacitive effect and being modulated in response to the cyclic irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the dielectric modulation.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
86 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be cyclically irradiated by said radiant energy, said dielectric being selected from the group consisting of the superionic conductors, the dielectric exhibiting a photocapacitive effect and being modulated in response to the cyclic irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the dielectric modulation.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
110 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be cyclically irradiated by said radiant energy, said dielectric being selected from the group consisting of the superionic conductors, the dielectric exhibiting a photocapacitive effect in response to excitation of trapping electron energy states by the radiant energy at the surface of the dielectric irradiated by the radiant energy and being modulated in response to the cyclic irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the dielectric modulation.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
110 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be cyclically irradiated by said radiant energy, said dielectric being selected from the group consisting of the superionic conductors, the dielectric exhibiting a photocapacitive effect in response to excitation of trapping electron energy states by the radiant energy at the surface of the dielectric irradiated by the radiant energy and being modulated in response to the cyclic irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the dielectric modulation.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
103 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be cyclically irradiated by said radiant energy, said dielectric being selected from the group consisting of the superionic conductors, the dielectric exhibiting a photocapacitive effect in response to a photochemical reaction near the surface of the dielectric irradiated by the radiant energy and being modulated in response to the cyclic irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the dielectric modulation.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
103 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be cyclically irradiated by said radiant energy, said dielectric being selected from the group consisting of the superionic conductors, the dielectric exhibiting a photocapacitive effect in response to a photochemical reaction near the surface of the dielectric irradiated by the radiant energy and being modulated in response to the cyclic irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the dielectric modulation.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
89 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be irradiated by the radiant energy, the properties of said dielectric being dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, the dielectric exhibiting a photocapacitive effect and being modulated in response to the irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the dielectric modulation.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
89 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be irradiated by the radiant energy, the properties of said dielectric being dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, the dielectric exhibiting a photocapacitive effect and being modulated in response to the irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the dielectric modulation.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
113 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be irradiated by the radiant energy, the properties of said dielectric being dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, the dielectric exhibiting a photocapacitive effect in response to excitation of trapping electron energy states by the radiant energy at the surface of the dielectric irradiated by the radiant energy and being modulated in response to the irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the dielectric modulation.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
113 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be irradiated by the radiant energy, the properties of said dielectric being dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, the dielectric exhibiting a photocapacitive effect in response to excitation of trapping electron energy states by the radiant energy at the surface of the dielectric irradiated by the radiant energy and being modulated in response to the irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the dielectric modulation.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
106 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be irradiated by the radiant energy, the properties of said dielectric being dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, the dielectric exhibiting a photocapacitive effect in response to a photochemical reaction near the surface of the dielectric irradiated by the radiant energy and being modulated in response to the irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the dielectric modulation.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
106 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be irradiated by the radiant energy, the properties of said dielectric being dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, the dielectric exhibiting a photocapacitive effect in response to a photochemical reaction near the surface of the dielectric irradiated by the radiant energy and being modulated in response to the irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the dielectric modulation.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
113 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be irradiated by the radiant energy, the properties of said dielectric being dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, the dielectric exhibiting a photocapacitive effect in response to electrons injected into the dielectric from one of said electrodes in response to said electrode being irradiated by the radiant energy and being modulated in response to the irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the dielectric modulation.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
113 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing said dielectric to be irradiated by the radiant energy, the properties of said dielectric being dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, the dielectric exhibiting a photocapacitive effect in response to electrons injected into the dielectric from one of said electrodes in response to said electrode being irradiated by the radiant energy and being modulated in response to the irradiation, and means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the dielectric modulation.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
83 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing the dielectric to be irradiated by the radiant energy, said dielectric being selected from the group consisting of the superionic conductors, the dielectric exhibiting a photocapacitive effect and being modulated in response to the irradiation, means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the dielectric modulation.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
83 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing the dielectric to be irradiated by the radiant energy, said dielectric being selected from the group consisting of the superionic conductors, the dielectric exhibiting a photocapacitive effect and being modulated in response to the irradiation, means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the dielectric modulation.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
107 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing the dielectric to be irradiated by the radiant energy, said dielectric being selected from the group consisting of the superionic conductors, the dielectric exhibiting a photocapacitive effect in response to excitation of trapping electron energy states by the radiant energy at the surface of the dielectric irradiated by the radiant energy and being modulated in response to the irradiation, means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the dielectric modulation.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
107 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing the dielectric to be irradiated by the radiant energy, said dielectric being selected from the group consisting of the superionic conductors, the dielectric exhibiting a photocapacitive effect in response to excitation of trapping electron energy states by the radiant energy at the surface of the dielectric irradiated by the radiant energy and being modulated in response to the irradiation, means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to the dielectric modulation.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
99 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing the dielectric to be irradiated by the radiant energy, said dielectric being selected from the group consisting of the superionic conductors, the dielectric exhibiting a photocapacitive effect in response to a photochemical reaction near the surface of the dielectric irradiated by the radiant energy and being modulated in response to the irradiation, means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to dielectric modulation.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
99 words
Apparatus for converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising a capacitor including an ionic dielectric and a pair of electrodes, means for causing the dielectric to be irradiated by the radiant energy, said dielectric being selected from the group consisting of the superionic conductors, the dielectric exhibiting a photocapacitive effect in response to a photochemical reaction near the surface of the dielectric irradiated by the radiant energy and being modulated in response to the irradiation, means for connecting a load to the electrodes so the load is responsive to current derived from the capacitor in response to dielectric modulation.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
64 words
In a method of converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising illuminating a capacitor having an ionic dielectric with a source of the radiant energy, the improvement being that the properties of said dielectric are dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, and that the dielectric exhibits a photocapacitive effect and is modulated in response to the illuminating radiant energy.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
64 words
In a method of converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising illuminating a capacitor having an ionic dielectric with a source of the radiant energy, the improvement being that the properties of said dielectric are dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, and that the dielectric exhibits a photocapacitive effect and is modulated in response to the illuminating radiant energy.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
88 words
In a method of converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising illuminating a capacitor having an ionic dielectric with a source of the radiant energy, the improvement being that the properties of said dielectric are dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, and that the dielectric exhibits a photocapacitive effect in response to excitation of trapping electron energy states by the radiant energy at the surface of the dielectric irradiated by the radiant energy and is modulated in response to the illuminating radiant energy.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
88 words
In a method of converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising illuminating a capacitor having an ionic dielectric with a source of the radiant energy, the improvement being that the properties of said dielectric are dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, and that the dielectric exhibits a photocapacitive effect in response to excitation of trapping electron energy states by the radiant energy at the surface of the dielectric irradiated by the radiant energy and is modulated in response to the illuminating radiant energy.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
81 words
In a method of converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising illuminating a capacitor having an ionic dielectric with a source of the radiant energy, the improvement being that the properties of said dielectric are dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, and that the dielectric exhibits a photocapacitive effect in response to a photochemical reaction near the surface of the dielectric irradiated by the radiant energy and is modulated in response to the illuminating radiant energy.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
81 words
In a method of converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising illuminating a capacitor having an ionic dielectric with a source of the radiant energy, the improvement being that the properties of said dielectric are dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, and that the dielectric exhibits a photocapacitive effect in response to a photochemical reaction near the surface of the dielectric irradiated by the radiant energy and is modulated in response to the illuminating radiant energy.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
89 words
In a method of converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising illuminating a capacitor having an ionic dielectric with a source of the radiant energy, the improvement being that the properties of said dielectric are dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, and that the dielectric exhibits a photocapacitive effect in response to electrons injected into the dielectric from an electrode of the capacitor in response to the electrode being irradiated by the radiant energy and is modulated in response to the illuminating radiant energy.
Claim 80
Dependent Claim
89 words
In a method of converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising illuminating a capacitor having an ionic dielectric with a source of the radiant energy, the improvement being that the properties of said dielectric are dominated by a dipole layer only on or near its surface, and that the dielectric exhibits a photocapacitive effect in response to electrons injected into the dielectric from an electrode of the capacitor in response to the electrode being irradiated by the radiant energy and is modulated in response to the illuminating radiant energy.
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
56 words
In a method of converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising illuminating a capacitor having an ionic dielectric with a source of radiant energy, the improvement being that said dielectric is selected from the group consisting of the superionic conductors, and that the dielectric exhibits a photocapacitive effect and is modulated in response to the irradiation.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
56 words
In a method of converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising illuminating a capacitor having an ionic dielectric with a source of radiant energy, the improvement being that said dielectric is selected from the group consisting of the superionic conductors, and that the dielectric exhibits a photocapacitive effect and is modulated in response to the irradiation.
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
80 words
In a method of converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising illuminating a capacitor having an ionic dielectric with a source of radiant energy, the improvement being that said dielectric is selected from the group consisting of the superionic conductors, and that the dielectric exhibits a photocapacitive effect in response to excitation of trapping electron energy states by the radiant energy at the surface of the dielectric irradiated by the radiant energy and is modulated in response to the irradiation.
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
80 words
In a method of converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising illuminating a capacitor having an ionic dielectric with a source of radiant energy, the improvement being that said dielectric is selected from the group consisting of the superionic conductors, and that the dielectric exhibits a photocapacitive effect in response to excitation of trapping electron energy states by the radiant energy at the surface of the dielectric irradiated by the radiant energy and is modulated in response to the irradiation.
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
73 words
In a method of converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising illuminating a capacitor having an ionic dielectric with a source of radiant energy, the improvement being that said dielectric is selected from the group consisting of the superionic conductors, and that the dielectric exhibits a photocapacitive effect in response to a photochemical reaction near the surface of the dielectric irradiated by the radiant energy and is modulated in response to the irradiation.
Claim 86
Dependent Claim
73 words
In a method of converting radiant energy into electric energy comprising illuminating a capacitor having an ionic dielectric with a source of radiant energy, the improvement being that said dielectric is selected from the group consisting of the superionic conductors, and that the dielectric exhibits a photocapacitive effect in response to a photochemical reaction near the surface of the dielectric irradiated by the radiant energy and is modulated in response to the irradiation.
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