Patent US4196401A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4196401A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Method and apparatus for injecting gas into a laser cavity
Assignee: United States Department of the Navy
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Filing: 1978-04-17
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Granted: 1980-04-01
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Expires: 1998-04-17
Abstract
Abstract Laser gas injected into a multiple-pulsed electric discharge laser (EDL) must be removed as quickly as possible following each laser pulse. This `clearing time` can limit the average laser output power. Fast, efficient mass transport is needed and it, in turn, requires the establishment of a uniform velocity flowfield. Such a uniform flowfield can be established by injecting the laser gas through arrays of porous tubes formed with eccentric walls tailored in wall thickness to introduce a non-uniform injection velocity around the circumference of each tube. Preferably, the tubes have a cross-sectional shape formed of displaced circular inner and outer contours to provide a progressively thickening wall. Tailoring is designed to establish an optimum, non-uniform injection velocity distribution capable of producing a nearly irrotational flow that rapidly develops into a uniform flowfield downstream of the tube array. Because of the enhanced heat transfer characteristics of the porous tubes, a beneficially uniform gas temperature also is maintained to assure good optical medium homogeneity.
Inventors
- 👤 Joel M. Avidor
- 👤 Charles J. Knight
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 16:18
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01S; H01S3/00; H01S3/09; H01S3/097; H01S3/09707; H01S3/02; H01S3/03; H01S3/036
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 9
Claim 1
Independent Claim
111 words
A method of injecting gas into an annular gas laser of a type having a gas flow field directed radially of its annular lasing cavity comprising: applying the gas axially to porous tubes at a pressure sufficient to produce subsonic injection gas jets directed normal to the tube walls throughout their exterior circumferential surface area, said tubes each being formed to produce jet injection velocities having a non-uniform velocity distribution circumferentially of the tube, said distribution being such that the differing jet velocity components tend to provide an irrotational flow as the jets move into said radial flowfield, said irrotational flow providing a uniform flowfield in close proximity to said tubes.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
111 words
A method of injecting gas into an annular gas laser of a type having a gas flow field directed radially of its annular lasing cavity comprising: applying the gas axially to porous tubes at a pressure sufficient to produce subsonic injection gas jets directed normal to the tube walls throughout their exterior circumferential surface area, said tubes each being formed to produce jet injection velocities having a non-uniform velocity distribution circumferentially of the tube, said distribution being such that the differing jet velocity components tend to provide an irrotational flow as the jets move into said radial flowfield, said irrotational flow providing a uniform flowfield in close proximity to said tubes.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
172 words
Apparatus for injecting a laser gas into an axially-elongate annular laser cavity for establishing a substantially uniform flowfield directed radially of its annulus and parallel to its applied energy field comprising: an array of porous tubes disposed circumferentially around said annular cavity in proximity to its radially-inward wall and in an axially-parallel spaced-relationship one with the other, and header means for supplying pressurized laser gas to said tubes, said tubes each having its tube walls formed of a low porosity material capable of injecting its pressurized gas supply into said cavity radially at a controlled injection velocity rate; said walls further being eccentric in form in that their circumferential extent increases from a relatively thin cross-section to a thicker one with said thicker wall portion being disposed nearest to said inner wall of the cavity, said eccentricity being tailored for producing a non-uniform normally-directed injection velocity distribution circumferentially of each tube whereby said injection velocity components can conglomerate in the nearfield region of said array to provide said substantially uniform radially-directed flowfield.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
172 words
Apparatus for injecting a laser gas into an axially-elongate annular laser cavity for establishing a substantially uniform flowfield directed radially of its annulus and parallel to its applied energy field comprising: an array of porous tubes disposed circumferentially around said annular cavity in proximity to its radially-inward wall and in an axially-parallel spaced-relationship one with the other, and header means for supplying pressurized laser gas to said tubes, said tubes each having its tube walls formed of a low porosity material capable of injecting its pressurized gas supply into said cavity radially at a controlled injection velocity rate; said walls further being eccentric in form in that their circumferential extent increases from a relatively thin cross-section to a thicker one with said thicker wall portion being disposed nearest to said inner wall of the cavity, said eccentricity being tailored for producing a non-uniform normally-directed injection velocity distribution circumferentially of each tube whereby said injection velocity components can conglomerate in the nearfield region of said array to provide said substantially uniform radially-directed flowfield.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
31 words
The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said eccentric increases in the wall thickness of each tube is provided by forming the tube with eccentrically displaced circular inner and outer diameter contours.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
29 words
The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the filtration factor porosity of each provides a pressure drop across its walls of sufficient magnitude to produce said normally-directed injection velocity components.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
18 words
The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the porosity of each tube is of about an 0.5 filtration factor.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
46 words
The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said array of tubes extends circumferentially about said annular laser cavity and said axially spacing of the tubes in the array is a fixed distance determined by the dimensions and porosity of the tubes as well as their supply pressure.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
35 words
The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said circular array is formed of a plurality of separate segments each covering an arcuate extent of the circle, said separate segments each being provided with individual header means.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1983-04-01 | 1983-10-01 | 1984-04-01 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1987-04-01 | 1987-10-01 | 1988-04-01 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1991-04-01 | 1991-10-01 | 1992-04-01 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |