US4184941A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Catalytic electrode
Assignee: PPG Industries Inc
•
Filing: 1978-07-24
•
Granted: 1980-01-22
•
Expires: 1998-07-24
Abstract
Abstract Disclosed is a method of preparing an electrodic surface on a metal substrate by depositing nickel and iron onto the substrate to form a nickel-iron surface and then leaching iron out of the surface to form a porous nickel surface. Also disclosed is an electrode prepared by depositing nickel and iron onto a metal substrate to form a nickel-iron surface, thereafter leaching the iron out of the surface to form a porous nickel surface.
Inventors
- 👤 William W. Carlin
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-03 09:12
CPC Classifications
C; C25; C25B; C25B11/00; C25B11/04; C25B11/051; C25B11/073; C25B11/075; C23; C23C; C23C18/00; C23C18/16; C23C18/48; C23C18/50
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 65
Claim 1
Independent Claim
38 words
A method of preparing an electrodic surface on a metal substrate comprising: (a) depositing nickel and iron onto said substrate to form a nickel-iron surface; and (b) leaching iron out of said surface to form a porous surface.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
38 words
A method of preparing an electrodic surface on a metal substrate comprising: (a) depositing nickel and iron onto said substrate to form a nickel-iron surface; and (b) leaching iron out of said surface to form a porous surface.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 1 comprising depositing said iron-nickel surface from an electroless plating bath.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 2 wherein said electroless plating bath is a hypophosphite bath.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 3 comprising depositing said iron-nickel surface from the hypophosphite electroless plating bath until the surface is more than about 5 microns thick.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 1 comprising leaching iron out of said surface while leaving nickel substantially in place.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method of claim 5 comprising measuring the potential of the iron-nickel surface and maintaining leachant in contact with the surface until the cathodic electrode potential of the surface stabilizes at 0.238 volt versus a silver-silver chloride electrode.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 5 wherein the leachant is a mineral acid.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 7 wherein the mineral acid is hydrochloric acid.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 8 wherein the mineral acid is hydrochloric acid.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 1 comprising first depositing nickel onto said substrate to form a nickel film and thereafter codepositing iron and nickel atop said nickel film.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 10 comprising depositing the nickel film from an electroless plating bath.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 11 wherein the electroless plating bath is a hypophosphite bath.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 12 comprising depositing the nickel film out of the hypophosphite electroless plating bath until the nickel film is at least about 5 microns thick.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
34 words
An electrode prepared by the method comprising: (a) depositing nickel and iron onto a metal substrate to form a nickel-iron surface; and (b) leaching iron out of said surface to form a porous surface.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
34 words
An electrode prepared by the method comprising: (a) depositing nickel and iron onto a metal substrate to form a nickel-iron surface; and (b) leaching iron out of said surface to form a porous surface.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electrode of claim 14 prepared by depositing said iron-nickel surface from an electroless plating bath.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode of claim 15 wherein the electroless plating bath is a hypophosphite bath.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
27 words
The electrode of claim 16 prepared by depositing said iron-nickel surface from the hypophosphite electroless plating bath until the surface is more than about 5 microns thick.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
19 words
The electrode of claim 14 prepared by leaching iron out of said surface while leaving nickel substantially in place.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
39 words
The electrode of claim 18 prepared by measuring the potential of the iron-nickel surface and maintaining leachant in contact with the surface until the cathodic electrode potential of the surface stabilizes at 0.238 volt versus a silver-silver chloride electrode.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
12 words
The electrode of claim 18 wherein the leachant is a mineral acid.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
12 words
The electrode of claim 20 wherein the mineral acid is hydrochloric acid.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
28 words
The electrode of claim 14 prepared by first depositing nickel onto said substrate to form a nickel film and thereafter codepositing iron and nickel atop said nickel film.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electrode of claim 22 prepared by depositing the nickel film from an electroless plating bath.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode of claim 23 wherein the electroless plating bath is a hypophosphite bath.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
29 words
The electrode of claim 24 prepared by depositing the nickel film out of the hypophosphite electroless plating bath until the nickel film is at least about 5 microns thick.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
53 words
A method of preparing an electrodic surface on a metal substrate comprising: (a) first depositing nickel onto said substrate to form a nickel film; (b) thereafter depositing nickel and iron atop said nickel film to form a nickel-iron surface; and (c) leaching iron out of said nickel-iron surface to form a porous surface.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
53 words
A method of preparing an electrodic surface on a metal substrate comprising: (a) first depositing nickel onto said substrate to form a nickel film; (b) thereafter depositing nickel and iron atop said nickel film to form a nickel-iron surface; and (c) leaching iron out of said nickel-iron surface to form a porous surface.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 26 comprising depositing said iron-nickel surface from an electroless plating bath.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 27 wherein said electroless plating bath is a hypophosphite bath.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 28 comprising depositing said iron-nickel surface from the hypophosphite electroless plating bath until the surface is more than about 5 microns thick.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 26 comprising leaching iron out of said surface while leaving nickel substantially in place.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 30 wherein the leachant is a mineral acid.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 31 wherein the mineral acid is hydrochloric acid.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 32 wherein the mineral acid is hydrochloric acid
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method of claim 30 comprising measuring the potential of the iron-nickel surface and maintaining leachant in contact with the surface until the cathodic electrode potential of the surface stabilizes at 0.238 volt versus a silver-silver chloride electrode.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 26 comprising depositing the nickel film from an electroless plating bath.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 35 wherein the electroless plating bath is a hypophosphite bath.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 36 comprising depositing the nickel film out of the hypophosphite electroless plating bath until the nickel film is at least about 5 microns thick.
Claim 41
Independent Claim
44 words
A method of preparing an electrodic surface on a metal substrate comprising: (a) depositing nickel and iron onto said substrate from an electroless plating bath whereby to form a nickel-iron surface; and (b) leaching iron out of said surface to form a porous surface.
Claim 42
Independent Claim
44 words
A method of preparing an electrodic surface on a metal substrate comprising: (a) depositing nickel and iron onto said substrate from an electroless plating bath whereby to form a nickel-iron surface; and (b) leaching iron out of said surface to form a porous surface.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 38 wherein said electroless plating bath is a hypophosphite bath.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 39 comprising depositing said iron-nickel surface from the hypophosphite electroless plating bath until the surface is more than about 5 microns thick.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 38 comprising leaching iron out of said surface while leaving nickel substantially in place.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
39 words
The method of claim 41 comprising measuring the potential of the iron-nickel surface and maintaining leachant in contact with the nickel-iron surface until the cathodic electrode potential of the surface stabilizes at 0.238 volt versus a silver-silver chloride electrode.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 41 wherein the leachant is a mineral acid.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 43 wherein the mineral acid is hydrochloric acid.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 44 wherein the mineral acid is hydrochloric acid.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 38 comprising first depositing nickel onto said substrate to form a nickel film and thereafter codepositing iron and nickel atop said nickel film.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 46 comprising depositing the nickel film from an electroless plating bath.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 47 wherein the electroless plating bath is a hypophosphite bath.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 48 comprising depositing the nickel film out of the hypophosphite electroless plating bath until the nickel film is at least about 5 microns thick.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
48 words
An electrode prepared by the method comprising: (a) depositing nickel onto a metal substrate to form a nickel film thereon; (b) depositing nickel and iron atop said nickel film to form a nickel-iron surface; and (c) leaching iron out of said nickel-iron surface to form a porous surface.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
48 words
An electrode prepared by the method comprising: (a) depositing nickel onto a metal substrate to form a nickel film thereon; (b) depositing nickel and iron atop said nickel film to form a nickel-iron surface; and (c) leaching iron out of said nickel-iron surface to form a porous surface.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electrode of claim 50 prepared by depositing said iron-nickel surface from an electroless plating bath.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode of claim 51 wherein the electroless plating bath is a hypophosphite bath.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
27 words
The electrode of claim 52 prepared by depositing said iron-nickel surface from the hypophosphite electroless plating bath until the surface is more than about 5 microns thick.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
20 words
The electrode of claim 50 prepared by leaching iron out of said nickel-iron surface while leaving nickel substantially in place.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
12 words
The electrode of claim 54 wherein the leachant is a mineral acid.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
12 words
The electrode of claim 55 wherein the mineral acid is hydrochloric acid.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
39 words
The electrode of claim 54 prepared by measuring the potential of the iron-nickel surface and maintaining leachant in contact with the surface until the cathodic electrode potential of the surface stabilizes at 0.238 volt versus a silver-silver chloride electrode.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electrode of claim 50 prepared by depositing the nickel surface from an electroless plating bath.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode of claim 58 wherein the electroless plating bath is a hypophosphite bath.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
29 words
The electrode of claim 59 prepared by depositing the nickel film out of the hypophosphite electroless plating bath until the nickel film is at least about 5 microns thick.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1983-01-21 | 1983-07-23 | 1984-01-22 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1987-01-21 | 1987-07-23 | 1988-01-22 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1991-01-21 | 1991-07-23 | 1992-01-22 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |