Space frame construction system

Claim 2

A tube-and-ball truss system for making a structural lattice comprising, in combination, a plurality of hollow metal balls spaced from one another in a three-dimensional array, each ball having an outwardly facing surface extending over a major portion of its area with spaced radial through-openings therein as well as an access opening on one side occupying a minor portion of the ball area, the outwardly facing surface including flat circular land surfaces surrounding the respective through-openings, metal tubes extending straight and rigid between adjacent ones of the balls, the ends of the tubes being in abutting relation to the land surfaces on the balls and in respective alignment with the through-openings therein; the tubes each being in the form of an extrusion having a smoothly continuous outer cylindrical wall and a central axially extending core together with longitudinally continuous angularly spaced webs for supporting the core with respect to the wall, the wall, core and webs being integral; the ends of the core having axially tapped holes; and clamping bolts for securing the tubes to the engaged balls; the bolts having heads inside of the balls and having respective shanks of a diameter which is a small fraction of the outer wall of the tube diameter, the shanks penetrating the through-openings and being in threaded engagement with the respective tapped holes so that upon turning the bolt heads by a tool extended into the access opening the tubes are clamped in tightly abutting relation to the balls, the cores of the tubes being hollow, having a continuous axial bore substantially corresponding in dimension to the diameter of the bolt shanks so that use of a tapping tool suffices to prepare the tubes for snug threaded engagement with the respective bolts.

Claim 3

A tube-and-ball truss system for making a structural lattice comprising, in combination, a plurality of hollow metal balls spaced from one another in a three-dimensional array, each ball having an outwardly facing surface extending over a major portion of its area with spaced radial through-openings therein as well as an access opening on one side occupying a minor portion of the ball area; metal tubes extending straight and rigid between adjacent ones of the balls, the ends of the tubes being in abutting relation to the outwardly facing surfaces of the balls and in respective alignment with the through-openings therein; the tubes each being in the form of an extrusion having a smoothly continuous outer cylindrical wall and a central axially extending core together with longitudinally continuous angularly spaced webs for supporting the core with respect to the wall, the wall, core and webs being integral; the tubes terminating in parallel end surfaces in which the wall, core and web are all flush with one another, the ends of the core having axial tapped holes; the outwardly facing surface of the ball being locally flattened to form land surfaces surrounding the through-openings and arranged perpendicularly with respect to the axes thereof, the land surfaces being of such diameter as to provide flat seating for the flush end surfaces of the tubes; and clamping bolts for securing the tubes to the engaged balls, the bolts having heads inside of the balls and having respective shanks of a diameter which is a small fraction of the outer wall of the tube diameter, the shanks penetrating the through-openings and being in threaded engagement with the respective tapped holes so that upon turning the bolt heads by a tool extended into the access opening the tubes are clamped in tightly abutting relation to the balls, the cores of the tubes being hollow, having a continuous axial bore substantially corresponding in dimension to the diameter of the bolt shanks so that use of a tapping tool suffices to prepare the tubes for snug threaded engagement with the respective bolts.

Claim 4

A tube-and-ball truss system for making a structural lattice comprising, in combination, a plurality of hollow metal balls spaced from one another in a three-dimensional array, each ball having an outwardly facing surface extending over a major portion of its area with spaced radial through-openings therein as well as an access opening on one side occupying a minor portion of the ball area; metal tubes extending straight and rigid between adjacent ones of the balls, the ends of the tubes being in abutting relation to the outwardly facing surfaces of the balls and in respective alignment with the through-openings therein; the tubes each being in the form of an extrusion having a smoothly continuous outer cylindrical wall and a central axially extending core together with longitudinally continuous angularly spaced webs for supporting the core with respect to the wall, the wall, core and webs being integral; the tubes terminating in parallel end surfaces in which the wall, core and web are all flush with one another, the ends of the core having axial tapped holes; the outwardly facing surface of the ball being locally flattened to form land surfaces surrounding the through-openings and arranged perpendicularly with respect to the axes thereof, the land surfaces being of such diameter as to provide flat seating for the flush end surfaces of the tubes; and clamping bolts for securing the tubes to the engaged balls, the bolts having heads inside of the balls and having respective shanks of a diameter which is a small fraction of the outer wall of the tube diameter, the shanks penetrating the through-openings and being in threaded engagement with the respective tapped holes so that upon turning the bolt heads by a tool extended into the access opening the tubes are clamped in tightly abutting relation to the balls, the cores of the tubes being hollow, having a continuous axial bore substantially corresponding in dimension to the diameter of the bolt shanks so that use of a tapping tool suffices to prepare the tubes for snug threaded engagement with the respective bolts.

Claim 5

The combination as claimed in claim 2 in which the lattice includes upper and lower tubes arranged substantially parallel to one another and of equal length, and at least one of the ends of each upper tube having a washer sandwiched thereagainst to slightly increase the effective length of the upper tubes with respect to the lower thereby to archingly camber the lattice.

Claim 6

A tube-and-ball truss system for making a structural lattice comprising, in combination, a plurality of hollow metal balls spaced from one another in a three-dimensional array, each ball having a spherical outwardly facing surface extending over a major portion of its area with spaced radial through-openings therein as well as an access opening on one side occupying a minor portion of the ball area; metal tubes extending straight and rigid between adjacent ones of the balls, the ends of the tubes being in abutting relation to the outwardly facing surfaces of the balls and in respectve alignment with the through-openings therein; the tubes each being in the form of an extrusion having a smoothly continuous outer cylindrical wall and a central axially extending core together with longitudinally continuous angularly spaced webs for supporting the core with respect to the wall, the wall, core and webs being integral; the tubes terminating in parallel end surfaces in which the wall, core and web are all flush with one another, the ends of the core having axially tapped holes; the outwardly facing surface of the ball being spot-faced concentrically with each through-opening to form a flat-bottomed recess having a diameter such as to provide shallow socketed engagement with the flush end surfaces of each tube; and clamping bolts for securing the tubes to the engaged balls, the bolts having heads inside of the balls and having respective shanks of a diameter which is a small fraction of the outer wall of the tube diameter, the shanks penetrating the through-openings and being in threaded engagement with the respective tapped openings so that upon turning the bolt heads by a tool extended into the access opening the tubes are clamped tightly in the respective recesses, the cores of the tubes being hollow, having a continuous axial bore substantially corresponding in dimension to the diameter of the bolt shanks so that use of a tapping tool suffices to prepare the tubes for snug threaded engagement with the respective bolts.

Claim 7

A tube-and-ball truss system for making a structural lattice comprising, in combination, a plurality of hollow metal balls spaced from one another in a three-dimensional array, each ball having a spherical outwardly facing surface extending over a major portion of its area with spaced radial through-openings therein as well as an access opening on one side occupying a minor portion of the ball area; metal tubes extending straight and rigid between adjacent ones of the balls, the ends of the tubes being in abutting relation to the outwardly facing surfaces of the balls and in respectve alignment with the through-openings therein; the tubes each being in the form of an extrusion having a smoothly continuous outer cylindrical wall and a central axially extending core together with longitudinally continuous angularly spaced webs for supporting the core with respect to the wall, the wall, core and webs being integral; the tubes terminating in parallel end surfaces in which the wall, core and web are all flush with one another, the ends of the core having axially tapped holes; the outwardly facing surface of the ball being spot-faced concentrically with each through-opening to form a flat-bottomed recess having a diameter such as to provide shallow socketed engagement with the flush end surfaces of each tube; and clamping bolts for securing the tubes to the engaged balls, the bolts having heads inside of the balls and having respective shanks of a diameter which is a small fraction of the outer wall of the tube diameter, the shanks penetrating the through-openings and being in threaded engagement with the respective tapped openings so that upon turning the bolt heads by a tool extended into the access opening the tubes are clamped tightly in the respective recesses, the cores of the tubes being hollow, having a continuous axial bore substantially corresponding in dimension to the diameter of the bolt shanks so that use of a tapping tool suffices to prepare the tubes for snug threaded engagement with the respective bolts.

Claim 8

A tube-and-ball truss system for making a structural lattice comprising, in combination, a plurality of hollow metal balls spaced from one another in a three-dimensional array, each ball having an outwardly facing spherical surface extending over a major portion of its area with spaced radial through-openings therein as well as a spacious access opening on one side occupying a minor portion of the ball area, circular land surfaces surrounding the respective through-openings, metal tubes extending straight and rigid between adjacent ones of the balls, the tubes each having a smoothly continuous outer cylindrical wall and a central axially extending core continuously secured thereto, the ends of the core having axially tapped holes, and clamping bolts for securing the tubes to the engaged balls, the bolts having heads inside of the balls and having respective shanks of a diameter which is a small fraction of the outer wall of the tube diameter, the shanks penetrating the through-openings and being in threaded engagement with the respective tapped holes so that upon turning the bolt heads by a tool extended into the access opening the tubes are clamped in tightly abutting relation to the outwardly facing surfaces of the balls, the cores of the tubes being hollow, having a continuous axial bore substantially corresponding in dimension to the diameter of the bolt shanks so that use of a tapping tool suffices to prepare the tubes for snug threaded engagement with the respective bolts.

Claim 9

A tube-and-ball truss system for making a structural lattice comprising, in combination, a plurality of hollow metal balls spaced from one another in a three-dimensional array, each ball having an outwardly facing spherical surface extending over a major portion of its area with spaced radial through-openings therein as well as a spacious access opening on one side occupying a minor portion of the ball area, circular land surfaces surrounding the respective through-openings, metal tubes extending straight and rigid between adjacent ones of the balls, the tubes each having a smoothly continuous outer cylindrical wall and a central axially extending core continuously secured thereto, the ends of the core having axially tapped holes, and clamping bolts for securing the tubes to the engaged balls, the bolts having heads inside of the balls and having respective shanks of a diameter which is a small fraction of the outer wall of the tube diameter, the shanks penetrating the through-openings and being in threaded engagement with the respective tapped holes so that upon turning the bolt heads by a tool extended into the access opening the tubes are clamped in tightly abutting relation to the outwardly facing surfaces of the balls, the cores of the tubes being hollow, having a continuous axial bore substantially corresponding in dimension to the diameter of the bolt shanks so that use of a tapping tool suffices to prepare the tubes for snug threaded engagement with the respective bolts.

Claim 10

The combination as claimed in claim 5 in which the land surfaces form a spherical continuation of the outwardly facing spherical surface of each of the balls and in which the ends of each tube are centrally relieved to a sufficient depth to accommodate the curvature of the engaged land surfaces to secure firm and continuous seating of the outer cylindrical wall of the tube thereon.

Claim 11

The combination as claimed in claim 6 in which each relief is concavely spherical for conformingly mating with the engaged spherical surface on the ball.