Separation technique in a coal deashing process

Claim 2

A process comprising: providing a feed mixture comprising a deashing solvent, insoluble coal products and soluble coal products; providing an additive, said additive consisting essentially of at least one substance selected from the group consisting of: (i) asphaltenes derived either from petroleum, coal shale or tar sand, said asphaltenes being insoluble in aromatic hydrocarbons; (ii) tannins; (iii) "chlorophyll a" having the molecular formula C 55 H 72 MgN 4 O 5 ; (iv) "chlorophyll b" having the molecular formula C 55 H 70 MgN 4 O 6 ; (v) materials of chemical composition corresponding to the emphirical chemical formula C 61 H 46 N 2 O 4 , having molecular weights of about 870 or greater; and (vi) asphaltols from coal dissolution processes or coal pyrolysis processes, said asphaltols being insoluble in aromatic hydrocarbons; admixing predetermined quantities of said additive with said feed mixture to provide a new feed mixture; introducing said new feed mixture into a first separation zone; maintaining said first separation zone at a first temperature level lower than about 750 degrees F. and a pressure level in a range of from about 600 psig to about 1500 psig to separate said new feed mixture in said first separation zone into a first heavy fraction comprising the insoluble coal products, some deashing solvent, some soluble coal products and at least a portion of the additive and a light fraction comprising the deashing solvent and soluble coal products; withdrawing said first heavy fraction from said first separation zone; and withdrawing said first light fraction from said first separation zone.

Claim 3

The process of claim 1 wherein admixing said additive with said feed mixture is further defined as: admixing said additive in an amount sufficient to be present in a range of from about 0.1 percent to about 20 percent by weight of said feed mixture.

Claim 4

The process of claim 1 wherein admixing said additive with said feed mixture is defined further as: admixing said additive in an amount sufficient to be present in a range of from about 0.5 percent to about 15 percent by weight of said feed mixture.

Claim 5

A process comprising: providing a feed mixture comprising a deashing solvent, insoluble coal products and soluble coal products; introducing said feed mixture into a first separating zone; maintaining said first separation zone at a first temperature level lower than about 750 degrees F. and a pressure level in a range of from about 600 psig to about 1500 psig to separate the feed mixture into a first heavy fraction comprising insoluble coal products, some soluble coal products and some deashing solvent in a lower portion of the first separation zone and a first light fraction comprising soluble coal products, deashing solvent and some insoluble coal products in an upper portion of the first separation zone; introducing an additive into said light fraction located within the upper portion of said first separation zone to pass therethrough to scrub said insoluble coal products therefrom, said additive consisting essentially of at least one substance selected from the group consisting of: (i) asphaltenes derived either from petroleum, coal, shale or tar sand, said asphaltenes being insoluble in aromatic hydrocarbons; (ii) tannins; (iii) "chlorophyll a" having the molecular formula C 55 H 72 MgN 4 O 5 ; (iv) "chlorophyll b" having the molecular formula C 55 H 70 MgN 4 O 6 ; (v) materials of chemical composition corresponding to the emphirical chemical formula C 61 H 46 N 2 O 4 , having molecular weights of about 870 or greater; and (vi) asphaltols from coal dissolution processes or coal pyrolysis processes, said asphaltols being insoluble in aromatic hydrocarbons; withdrawing said first light fraction, substantially free of the insoluble coal products, from said first separation zone; and withdrawing said first heavy fraction comprising insoluble coal products, some soluble coal products, some deashing solvent and at least a portion of the additive from said first separation zone.

Claim 6

A process comprising: providing a feed mixture comprising a deashing solvent, insoluble coal products and soluble coal products; introducing said feed mixture into a first separating zone; maintaining said first separation zone at a first temperature level lower than about 750 degrees F. and a pressure level in a range of from about 600 psig to about 1500 psig to separate the feed mixture into a first heavy fraction comprising insoluble coal products, some soluble coal products and some deashing solvent in a lower portion of the first separation zone and a first light fraction comprising soluble coal products, deashing solvent and some insoluble coal products in an upper portion of the first separation zone; introducing an additive into said light fraction located within the upper portion of said first separation zone to pass therethrough to scrub said insoluble coal products therefrom, said additive consisting essentially of at least one substance selected from the group consisting of: (i) asphaltenes derived either from petroleum, coal, shale or tar sand, said asphaltenes being insoluble in aromatic hydrocarbons; (ii) tannins; (iii) "chlorophyll a" having the molecular formula C 55 H 72 MgN 4 O 5 ; (iv) "chlorophyll b" having the molecular formula C 55 H 70 MgN 4 O 6 ; (v) materials of chemical composition corresponding to the emphirical chemical formula C 61 H 46 N 2 O 4 , having molecular weights of about 870 or greater; and (vi) asphaltols from coal dissolution processes or coal pyrolysis processes, said asphaltols being insoluble in aromatic hydrocarbons; withdrawing said first light fraction, substantially free of the insoluble coal products, from said first separation zone; and withdrawing said first heavy fraction comprising insoluble coal products, some soluble coal products, some deashing solvent and at least a portion of the additive from said first separation zone.

Claim 7

The process of claim 4 wherein introducing said additive is further defined as: introducing said additive in an amount sufficient to be present in a range of from about 0.1 percent to about 20 percent by weight of said feed mixture.

Claim 8

The process of claim 4 wherein introducing the additive is defined further as: introducing said additive in an amount sufficient to be present in a range of from about 0.5 percent to about 15 percent by weight of said feed mixture.

Claim 9

A process comprising: providing a feed mixture comprising a deashing solvent, insoluble coal products and soluble coal products; introducing said feed mixture into a first separation zone; maintaining said first separation zone at a first temperature level lower than about 750 degrees F. and a pressure level in a range of from about 600 psig to about 1500 psig to separate said feed mixture into a first heavy fraction comprising insoluble coal products, some deashing solvent and some soluble coal products and a first light fraction comprising the soluble coal products, deashing solvent and some insoluble coal products; withdrawing said first heavy fraction from said first separation zone; withdrawing said first light fraction from said first separation zone; providing an additive, said additive consisting essentially of at least one substance selected from the group consisting of: (i) asphaltenes derived either from petroleum, coal, shale or tar sand, said asphaltenes being insoluble in aromatic hydrocarbons; (ii) tannins; (iii) "chlorophyll a" having the molecular formula C 55 H 72 MgN 4 O 5 ; (iv) "chlorophyll b" having the molecular formula C 55 H 70 MgN 4 O 6 ; (v) materials of chemical composition corresponding to the emphirical chemical formula C 61 H 46 N 2 O 4 , having molecular weights of about 870 or greater; and (vi) asphaltols from coal dissolution processes or coal pyrolysis processes, said asphaltols being insoluble in aromatic hydrocarbons; admixing said withdrawn first light fraction with predetermined quantities of said additive to provide a mixture; introducing said mixture into a second separation zone; maintaining said second separation zone at a temperature level higher than the temperature level in the first separation zone and a pressure level in a range of from about 300 psig to about 1490 psig to separate said mixture into a second heavy fraction comprising the remaining insoluble coal products, at least a portion of the additive, some deashing solvent and some soluble coal products and a second light fraction comprising the soluble coal products and the deashing solvent; withdrawing said second heavy fraction from said second separation zone; and withdrawing said second light fraction from said second separation zone.

Claim 10

A process comprising: providing a feed mixture comprising a deashing solvent, insoluble coal products and soluble coal products; introducing said feed mixture into a first separation zone; maintaining said first separation zone at a first temperature level lower than about 750 degrees F. and a pressure level in a range of from about 600 psig to about 1500 psig to separate said feed mixture into a first heavy fraction comprising insoluble coal products, some deashing solvent and some soluble coal products and a first light fraction comprising the soluble coal products, deashing solvent and some insoluble coal products; withdrawing said first heavy fraction from said first separation zone; withdrawing said first light fraction from said first separation zone; providing an additive, said additive consisting essentially of at least one substance selected from the group consisting of: (i) asphaltenes derived either from petroleum, coal, shale or tar sand, said asphaltenes being insoluble in aromatic hydrocarbons; (ii) tannins; (iii) "chlorophyll a" having the molecular formula C 55 H 72 MgN 4 O 5 ; (iv) "chlorophyll b" having the molecular formula C 55 H 70 MgN 4 O 6 ; (v) materials of chemical composition corresponding to the emphirical chemical formula C 61 H 46 N 2 O 4 , having molecular weights of about 870 or greater; and (vi) asphaltols from coal dissolution processes or coal pyrolysis processes, said asphaltols being insoluble in aromatic hydrocarbons; admixing said withdrawn first light fraction with predetermined quantities of said additive to provide a mixture; introducing said mixture into a second separation zone; maintaining said second separation zone at a temperature level higher than the temperature level in the first separation zone and a pressure level in a range of from about 300 psig to about 1490 psig to separate said mixture into a second heavy fraction comprising the remaining insoluble coal products, at least a portion of the additive, some deashing solvent and some soluble coal products and a second light fraction comprising the soluble coal products and the deashing solvent; withdrawing said second heavy fraction from said second separation zone; and withdrawing said second light fraction from said second separation zone.

Claim 11

The process of claim 7 wherein admixing predetermined quantities of said additive is further defined as: admixing said additive with said withdrawn first light fraction in an amount sufficient to be present in a range of from about 0.1 percent to about 20 percent by weight of said feed mixture.

Claim 12

The process of claim 7 wherein admixing predetermined quantities of said additive is defined further as: admixing said additive with the withdrawn first light fraction in an amount sufficient to be present in a range of from about 0.5 percent to about 15 percent by weight of said feed mixture.

Claim 13

A process comprising: providing a feed mixture comprising a deashing solvent, insoluble coal products; introducing said feed mixture into a first separation zone; maintaining said first separation zone at a first temperature level lower than about 750 degrees F. and a pressure level in a range of from about 600 psig to about 1500 psig to separate said feed mixture into a first heavy fraction comprising insoluble coal products, some deashing solvent and some soluble coal products and a first light fraction comprising soluble coal products, deashing solvent and some insoluble coal products; withdrawing said first heavy fraction from said first separation zone; withdrawing said first light fraction from said first separation zone; introducing said withdrawn first light fraction into a second separation zone; maintaining said second separation zone at a temperature level higher than the temperature level in the first separation zone and a pressure level in a range of from about 300 psig to about 1490 psig to separate the first light fraction into a second heavy fraction comprising the remaining insoluble coal products in a lower portion of the second separation zone and a second light fraction comprising soluble coal products, deashing solvent and some insoluble coal products; introducing an additive into said second light fraction located within an upper portion of said second separation zone to pass therethrough to scrub insoluble coal products therefrom, said additive consisting essentially of at least one substance selected from the group consisting of: (i) asphaltenes derived either from petroleum, coal, shale or tar sand, said asphaltenes being insoluble in aromatic hydrocarbons; (ii) tannins; (iii) "chlorophyll a" having the molecular formula C 55 H 72 MgN 4 O 5 ; (iv) "chlorophyll b" having the molecular formula C 55 H 70 MgN 4 O 6 ; (v) materials of chemical composition corresponding to the emphirical chemical formula C 61 H 46 N 2 O 4 , having molecular weights of about 870 or greater; and (vi) asphaltols from coal dissolution processes or coal pyrolysis processes, said asphaltols being insoluble in aromatic hydrocarbons; withdrawing said second light fraction, substantially free of insoluble coal products, from the second separation zone; and withdrawing said second heavy fraction comprising the insoluble coal products and at least a portion of the additive.

Claim 14

A process comprising: providing a feed mixture comprising a deashing solvent, insoluble coal products; introducing said feed mixture into a first separation zone; maintaining said first separation zone at a first temperature level lower than about 750 degrees F. and a pressure level in a range of from about 600 psig to about 1500 psig to separate said feed mixture into a first heavy fraction comprising insoluble coal products, some deashing solvent and some soluble coal products and a first light fraction comprising soluble coal products, deashing solvent and some insoluble coal products; withdrawing said first heavy fraction from said first separation zone; withdrawing said first light fraction from said first separation zone; introducing said withdrawn first light fraction into a second separation zone; maintaining said second separation zone at a temperature level higher than the temperature level in the first separation zone and a pressure level in a range of from about 300 psig to about 1490 psig to separate the first light fraction into a second heavy fraction comprising the remaining insoluble coal products in a lower portion of the second separation zone and a second light fraction comprising soluble coal products, deashing solvent and some insoluble coal products; introducing an additive into said second light fraction located within an upper portion of said second separation zone to pass therethrough to scrub insoluble coal products therefrom, said additive consisting essentially of at least one substance selected from the group consisting of: (i) asphaltenes derived either from petroleum, coal, shale or tar sand, said asphaltenes being insoluble in aromatic hydrocarbons; (ii) tannins; (iii) "chlorophyll a" having the molecular formula C 55 H 72 MgN 4 O 5 ; (iv) "chlorophyll b" having the molecular formula C 55 H 70 MgN 4 O 6 ; (v) materials of chemical composition corresponding to the emphirical chemical formula C 61 H 46 N 2 O 4 , having molecular weights of about 870 or greater; and (vi) asphaltols from coal dissolution processes or coal pyrolysis processes, said asphaltols being insoluble in aromatic hydrocarbons; withdrawing said second light fraction, substantially free of insoluble coal products, from the second separation zone; and withdrawing said second heavy fraction comprising the insoluble coal products and at least a portion of the additive.

Claim 15

The process of claim 10 wherein introducing an additive is further defined as: introducing said additive in an amount sufficient to be present in a range of from about 0.1 percent to about 20 percent by weight of said feed mixture.

Claim 16

The process of claim 10 wherein introducing an additive is defined further as: introducing said additive in an amount sufficient to be present in a range of from about 0.5 percent to about 15 percent by weight of said feed mixture.