Patent US4169077A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4169077A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Bark extended phenol-formaldehyde resins and multiple alkali addition process for the preparation thereof
Assignee: Champion International Corp
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Filing: 1978-05-30
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Granted: 1979-09-25
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Expires: 1998-05-30
Abstract
Abstract A modified phenol-formaldehyde resin is formed by reacting phenol and formaldehyde in the presence of alkali and finely divided wood bark, preferably where the bark is pre-treated with alkali. The molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol ranges from about 3 to 1.6. The molar ratio of alkali to phenol ranges from about 0.5 to about 1.0, said alkali being added to the formaldehyde-phenol mixture in three stages, each stage containing about one-third of the total alkali used. The amount of bark employed ranges from about 10 to about 40% of the amount of phenol. Adhesives prepared from these resins are suitable for use in the manufacture of plywood having both western mill and southern pine mill veneers.
Inventors
- 👤 Seymour Hartman
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 15:14
CPC Classifications
C; C08; C08G; C08G8/00; C08G8/28; C09; C09J; C09J161/00; C09J161/04; C09J161/06; C09J161/14; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/31504; Y10T428/31942; Y10T428/31949; Y10T428/31957; Y10T428/3196
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 24
Claim 1
Independent Claim
186 words
A modified phenol-formaldehyde resin prepared by a process consisting essentially of the steps of (1) refluxing a mixture of finely divided wood bark having a particle size of 60 to 200 mesh, a first portion of alkali and water, (2) cooling said mixture to a temperature between about 40° and about 60° C.; adding phenol, formaldehyde and water and a second portion of alkali to said mixture and refluxing it until the viscosity reaches about 1,000 cps, (3) cooling the mixture to a temperature between about 40° and about 60° C.; adding a third portion of alkali to said mixture and refluxing it until the viscosity reaches about 1,000 cps, (4) cooling said mixture to about room temperature and adding a final portion of alkali with stirring to yield a mixture having a final viscosity ranging from about 200 to 1,000 cps; the molar ratio of total alkali to phenol ranging from about 0.5 to about 1.0; the molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol ranging from about 3 to about 1.6 and the weight ratio of bark to phenol ranging from about 10 to about 40%.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
186 words
A modified phenol-formaldehyde resin prepared by a process consisting essentially of the steps of (1) refluxing a mixture of finely divided wood bark having a particle size of 60 to 200 mesh, a first portion of alkali and water, (2) cooling said mixture to a temperature between about 40° and about 60° C.; adding phenol, formaldehyde and water and a second portion of alkali to said mixture and refluxing it until the viscosity reaches about 1,000 cps, (3) cooling the mixture to a temperature between about 40° and about 60° C.; adding a third portion of alkali to said mixture and refluxing it until the viscosity reaches about 1,000 cps, (4) cooling said mixture to about room temperature and adding a final portion of alkali with stirring to yield a mixture having a final viscosity ranging from about 200 to 1,000 cps; the molar ratio of total alkali to phenol ranging from about 0.5 to about 1.0; the molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol ranging from about 3 to about 1.6 and the weight ratio of bark to phenol ranging from about 10 to about 40%.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
14 words
A phenol-formaldehyde resin according to claim 1 in which the alkali is sodium hydroxide.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
35 words
A phenol-formaldehyde resin according to claim 1 wherein the amount of alkali introduced in steps (1) and (2) combined in step (3) and in step (4) each constitute about one-third of the total alkali used.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
23 words
A phenol-formaldehyde resin according to claim 2 in which, in steps (2) and (3), the temperature ranges from about 50° to 55° C.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
20 words
A phenol-formaldehyde resin according to claim 2 in which the molar ratio of sodium hydroxide to phenol is about 0.9.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
19 words
A phenol-formaldehyde resin according to claim 2 in which the molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol is about 2.0:1.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
23 words
A phenol-formaldehyde resin according to claim 1 in which the weight ratio of the bark to phenol ranges from about 10 to 20%.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
149 words
A modified phenol-formaldehyde resin prepared by a process consisting essentially of the steps of (1) refluxing a mixture of finely divided wood bark, a first portion of alkali, water, phenol and formaldehyde until the viscosity reaches about 1,000 cps, (2) cooling said mixture to a temperature between about 40° and about 60° C.; adding a second portion of alkali to said mixture and refluxing it until the viscosity reaches about 1,000 cps, (3) cooling said mixture to about room temperature and adding a final portion of alkali with stirring to yield a mixture having a final viscosity ranging from about 200 to 1,000 cps; the total molar ratio of alkali to phenol ranging from about 0.5 to about 1.0; the molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol ranging from about 3 to about 1.6; and the weight ratio of the bark to phenol ranging from about 10 to about 40%.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
149 words
A modified phenol-formaldehyde resin prepared by a process consisting essentially of the steps of (1) refluxing a mixture of finely divided wood bark, a first portion of alkali, water, phenol and formaldehyde until the viscosity reaches about 1,000 cps, (2) cooling said mixture to a temperature between about 40° and about 60° C.; adding a second portion of alkali to said mixture and refluxing it until the viscosity reaches about 1,000 cps, (3) cooling said mixture to about room temperature and adding a final portion of alkali with stirring to yield a mixture having a final viscosity ranging from about 200 to 1,000 cps; the total molar ratio of alkali to phenol ranging from about 0.5 to about 1.0; the molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol ranging from about 3 to about 1.6; and the weight ratio of the bark to phenol ranging from about 10 to about 40%.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
32 words
A phenol-formaldehyde resin according to claim 8 wherein the amount of alkali introduced in step (1), in step (2) and in step (3) each constitute about one-third of the total alkali used.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
14 words
A phenol-formaldehyde resin according to claim 8 in which the alkali is sodium hydroxide.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
177 words
A process for preparing a phenol-formaldehyde resin, said process consisting essentially of the steps of (1) refluxing a mixture of finely divided wood bark, a first portion of alkali and water, (2) cooling said mixture to a temperature between about 40° and about 60° C.; adding phenol, formaldehyde, water and a second portion of alkali to said mixture and refluxing it until the viscosity reaches about 1,000 cps, (3) cooling said mixture to a temperature between about 40° and about 60° C.; adding a third portion of alkali to said mixture and refluxing it until the viscosity reaches about 1,000 cps, (4) cooling said mixture to about room temperature and adding a final portion of alkali with stirring to yield a mixture with a final viscosity ranging from about 200 to 1,000 cps; the total molar ratio of alkali to phenol ranging from about 0.5 to about 1.0; the molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol ranging from about 3 to about 1.6; and the weight ratio of bark to phenol ranging from about 10 to about 40%.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
177 words
A process for preparing a phenol-formaldehyde resin, said process consisting essentially of the steps of (1) refluxing a mixture of finely divided wood bark, a first portion of alkali and water, (2) cooling said mixture to a temperature between about 40° and about 60° C.; adding phenol, formaldehyde, water and a second portion of alkali to said mixture and refluxing it until the viscosity reaches about 1,000 cps, (3) cooling said mixture to a temperature between about 40° and about 60° C.; adding a third portion of alkali to said mixture and refluxing it until the viscosity reaches about 1,000 cps, (4) cooling said mixture to about room temperature and adding a final portion of alkali with stirring to yield a mixture with a final viscosity ranging from about 200 to 1,000 cps; the total molar ratio of alkali to phenol ranging from about 0.5 to about 1.0; the molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol ranging from about 3 to about 1.6; and the weight ratio of bark to phenol ranging from about 10 to about 40%.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process according to claim 11 wherein the amount of alkali introduced in steps (1) and (2) combined, in step (3) and in step (4) each constitute about one-third of the total alkali used.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
13 words
A process according to claim 11 in which the alkali is sodium hydroxide.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process according to claim 13 in which, in steps (2) and (3) the temperature ranges from about 50° to about 55° C.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process according to claim 13 in which the molar ratio of sodium hydroxide to phenol is about 0.9.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
18 words
A process according to claim 13 in which the molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol is about 2.0:1.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process according to claim 9 in which the weight ratio of bark to phenol ranges from 10 to 20%.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
146 words
A process for preparing a modified phenol-formaldehyde resin, which process consists essentially of the steps of (1) refluxing a mixture of finely divided wood bark, alkali, water, phenol and formaldehyde until the viscosity reaches about 1,000 cps, (2) cooling said mixture to a temperature between about 40° and about 60° C.; adding a second portion of alkali to said mixture and refluxing it until the viscosity reaches about 1,000 cps, (3) cooling said mixture to about room temperature and adding a final portion of alkali with stirring, to yield a mixture having a final viscosity ranging from about 200 to 1,000 cps; the total molar ratio of alkali to phenol ranging from about 0.5 to about 1.0; the molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol ranging from about 3 to about 1.6; and the weight ratio of bark to phenol ranging from about 10 to about 40%.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
146 words
A process for preparing a modified phenol-formaldehyde resin, which process consists essentially of the steps of (1) refluxing a mixture of finely divided wood bark, alkali, water, phenol and formaldehyde until the viscosity reaches about 1,000 cps, (2) cooling said mixture to a temperature between about 40° and about 60° C.; adding a second portion of alkali to said mixture and refluxing it until the viscosity reaches about 1,000 cps, (3) cooling said mixture to about room temperature and adding a final portion of alkali with stirring, to yield a mixture having a final viscosity ranging from about 200 to 1,000 cps; the total molar ratio of alkali to phenol ranging from about 0.5 to about 1.0; the molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol ranging from about 3 to about 1.6; and the weight ratio of bark to phenol ranging from about 10 to about 40%.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
31 words
A process according to claim 18 wherein the amount of alkali introduced in step (1), in step (2) and in step (3) each constitute about one-third of the total alkali used.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
13 words
A process according to claim 18 in which the alkali is sodium hydroxide.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1982-09-24 | 1983-03-26 | 1983-09-25 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1986-09-24 | 1987-03-26 | 1987-09-25 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1990-09-24 | 1991-03-26 | 1991-09-25 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |