US4162186A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Alkaline surfactant system for de-inking printed fibrous material
Assignee: Shell USA Inc
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Filing: 1978-02-23
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Granted: 1979-07-24
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Expires: 1998-02-23
Abstract
Abstract A de-inking process for removing ink and other substances from printed paper which process is capable of providing de-inked paper stock having improved brightness. The process utilizes an aqueous de-inking solution containing a mixture of certain surfactants, at least one surfactant being a water-soluble nonionic surfactant and the other surfactant being an oil-soluble nonionic surfactant. De-inking is carried out at a temperature in the range of about room temperature to about the boiling temperature of the solution by forming a slurry of the printed paper in the solution having a predetermined fibrous material solids content. The total nonionic surfactant concentration in the de-inking solution can be about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent, preferably about 0.5 to about 2.5 weight percent, based on the amount of fibrous material solids present. The weight ratio of the water-soluble surfactant to the oil-soluble surfactant in the mixture is in a range of about 6:1 to about 3:1, preferably about 4:1.
Inventors
- 👤 Donald C. Wood
- 👤 Robert L. McLaughlin
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-05 23:45
CPC Classifications
D; D21; D21C; D21C5/00; D21C5/02; D21C5/025; D21C5/027; Y; Y02; Y02W; Y02W30/00; Y02W30/50; Y02W30/64
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 21
Claim 1
Independent Claim
222 words
A process for de-inking printed fibrous material which comprises the steps of: (a) adding said printed fibrous material in substantially dry form to an aqueous, surfactant-containing de-inking solution in an amount to form a slurry containing no more than about 10 weight percent of fibrous material solids, the aforesaid surfactants constituting a mixture of at least one water-soluble nonionic surfactant and at least one oil-soluble nonionic surfactant present in said slurry in an amount of about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent, based on the weight of said fibrous material solids, the weight ratio of said water-soluble nonionic surfactant to said oil-soluble nonionic surfactant in said mixture being in a range of about 6:1 to about 3:1, said water-soluble nonionic surfactant being ethoxylated aliphatic alcohols containing from 9 to 15 carbon atoms and having an average of about 7 to about 15 ethyleneoxy units per mole of alcohol, and said oil-soluble nonionic surfactant being ethoxylated aliphatic alcohols containing from 9 to 15 carbon atoms and having an average of about 0.5 to about 3.5 ethyleneoxy units per mole of alcohol; and (b) agitating said slurry at a temperature in the range of about room temperature to about the boiling temperature of the solution to reduce said fibrous material substantially to individual fibers and to separate the ink present on the fibers therefrom.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
222 words
A process for de-inking printed fibrous material which comprises the steps of: (a) adding said printed fibrous material in substantially dry form to an aqueous, surfactant-containing de-inking solution in an amount to form a slurry containing no more than about 10 weight percent of fibrous material solids, the aforesaid surfactants constituting a mixture of at least one water-soluble nonionic surfactant and at least one oil-soluble nonionic surfactant present in said slurry in an amount of about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent, based on the weight of said fibrous material solids, the weight ratio of said water-soluble nonionic surfactant to said oil-soluble nonionic surfactant in said mixture being in a range of about 6:1 to about 3:1, said water-soluble nonionic surfactant being ethoxylated aliphatic alcohols containing from 9 to 15 carbon atoms and having an average of about 7 to about 15 ethyleneoxy units per mole of alcohol, and said oil-soluble nonionic surfactant being ethoxylated aliphatic alcohols containing from 9 to 15 carbon atoms and having an average of about 0.5 to about 3.5 ethyleneoxy units per mole of alcohol; and (b) agitating said slurry at a temperature in the range of about room temperature to about the boiling temperature of the solution to reduce said fibrous material substantially to individual fibers and to separate the ink present on the fibers therefrom.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the de-inking solution is at a temperature in excess of about 140° F., and is alkaline.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process in accordance with claim 2 wherein the de-inking solution is at a temperature of about 160° F. to about 180° F. and has a pH of about 11 to about 12.5.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
31 words
The process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the printed fibrous material is newsprint, and wherein the de-inking solution is at a temperatue of about 70° F. to about 120° F.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
41 words
The process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the printed fibrous material is newsprint, and wherein the de-inking solution is at a temperature of about 70° F. to about 90° F. and has a pH of about 6 to about 7.5.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of water-soluble nonionic surfactant to oil-soluble nonionic surfactant is about 4:1.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the water-soluble nonionic surfactant is a mixture of ethoxylated primary linear C 12-15 alcohols containing about 7 to about 15 ethyleneoxy units per mole of alcohol.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
31 words
The process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the water-soluble nonionic surfactant is a mixture of ethoxylated primary linear C 9-11 alcohols containing about 8 ethyleneoxy units per mole of alcohol.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
56 words
The process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the water-soluble nonionic surfactant is a mixture of ethoxylated primary linear C 9-11 alcohols containing about 8 ethyleneoxy units per mole of alcohol and wherein the oil-soluble nonionic surfactant is a mixture of ethoxylated primary linear C 9-11 alcohols containing about 2.5 ethyleneoxy units per mile of alcohol.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process in accordance with claim 9 wherein said water-soluble nonionic surfactant and said oil-soluble nonionic surfactant are present in a respective weight ratio of about 4:1.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
23 words
The process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the amount of nonionic surfactant present provides a critical micelle concentration in the de-inking solution.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said mixture of surfactants has a hydrophile-lipophile balance of about 10.9 to about 11.8.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the de-inking solution has a pH of about 6 to about 12.5.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process in accordance with claim 13 wherein the de-inking solution contains sodium hydroxide.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
199 words
A process for de-inking printed fibrous material which comprises the steps of: (a) adding said printed fibrous material in sustantially dry form to an aqueous, biodegradable surfactant-containing de-inking solution having a pH of about 7 to about 12.5, in an amount to form a slurry containing about 3 to about 8 weight percent of fibrous material solids and about 0.5 to about 2.5 weight percent, based on the weight of said fibrous material solids, of a mixture of at least one water-soluble nonionic surfactant and at least one oil-soluble nonionic surfactant wherein the weight ratio of said water-soluble nonionic surfactant to said oil-soluble nonionic surfactant in said mixture is about 4:1, said surfactants are ethoxylated aliphatic monohydroxy alcohols containing from 9 to 15 carbon atoms, said water-soluble surfactant contains at least about 7 ethyleneoxy units per mole of monohydroxy alcohol, and said oil-soluble surfactant contains about 0.5 to about 3.5 ethyleneoxy units per mole of monohydroxy alcohol; and (b) agitating said slury at a temperature in the range of about room temperature to about the boiling temperature of the solution to reduce said fibrous material substantially to individual fibers and to separate the ink present on the fibers therefrom.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
199 words
A process for de-inking printed fibrous material which comprises the steps of: (a) adding said printed fibrous material in sustantially dry form to an aqueous, biodegradable surfactant-containing de-inking solution having a pH of about 7 to about 12.5, in an amount to form a slurry containing about 3 to about 8 weight percent of fibrous material solids and about 0.5 to about 2.5 weight percent, based on the weight of said fibrous material solids, of a mixture of at least one water-soluble nonionic surfactant and at least one oil-soluble nonionic surfactant wherein the weight ratio of said water-soluble nonionic surfactant to said oil-soluble nonionic surfactant in said mixture is about 4:1, said surfactants are ethoxylated aliphatic monohydroxy alcohols containing from 9 to 15 carbon atoms, said water-soluble surfactant contains at least about 7 ethyleneoxy units per mole of monohydroxy alcohol, and said oil-soluble surfactant contains about 0.5 to about 3.5 ethyleneoxy units per mole of monohydroxy alcohol; and (b) agitating said slury at a temperature in the range of about room temperature to about the boiling temperature of the solution to reduce said fibrous material substantially to individual fibers and to separate the ink present on the fibers therefrom.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process in accordance with claim 15 wherein the de-inking solution is at a temperature in excess of about 140° F.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
23 words
The process in accordance with claim 15 wherein the de-inking solution is at a temperature of about 160° F. to about 180° F.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
83 words
The process in accordance with claim 15 wherein said water-soluble nonionic surfactant is a mixture of ethoxylated primary linear C 9-11 alcohols containing about 8 ethyleneoxy units per mole of alcohol, wherein said oil-soluble nonionic surfactant is a mixture of ethoxylated primary linear C 9-11 alcohols containing about 2.5 ethyleneoxy units per mole of alcohol, and wherein the de-inking solution is at a temperature of about 160° F. to about 180° F. and has a pH value of about 11 to about 12.5.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
72 words
The process in accordance with claim 15 wherein said water-soluble nonionic surfactant is a mixture of ethoxylated primary linear C 9-11 alcohols containing about 8 ethyleneoxy units per mole of alcohol, wherein said oil-soluble nonionic surfactant is a mixture of ethoxylated primary linear C 9-11 alcohols containing about 2.5 ethyleneoxy units per mole of alcohol, and wherein the de-inking solution is at a temperature of about 70° F. to about 90° F.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1982-07-23 | 1983-01-22 | 1983-07-24 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1986-07-23 | 1987-01-22 | 1987-07-24 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1990-07-23 | 1991-01-22 | 1991-07-24 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |