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US4161432A
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Electroplating chromium and its alloys
Assignee: International Business Machines Corp
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Filing: 1978-06-08
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Granted: 1979-07-17
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Expires: 1998-06-08
Abstract
Abstract A chromium or chromium alloy plating system and material are disclosed. The chromium is supplied by an aqueous equilibrated solution of a chromium (III) thiocyanate complex. A buffer material which also supplies one of the ligands to the chromium complex is provided. The buffer material is selected from amino acids, peptides, formates, acetates and hypophosphites. DESCRIPTION Related Applications
Inventors
- 👤 Donald J. Barclay
- 👤 William M. Morgan
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 09:15
CPC Classifications
C; C25; C25D; C25D3/00; C25D3/02; C25D3/04; C25D3/06; C25D3/56
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 34
Claim 1
Independent Claim
60 words
In a solution for electroplating chromium in which the source of chromium ions is an aqueous equilibrated solution of chromium(III) thiocyanate complex, the improvement which comprises, a buffer material in the solution, which buffer material provides one of the ligands for the complex, said buffer material being selected from the group consisting of amino acids, peptides, formates, acetates and hypophosphites.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
60 words
In a solution for electroplating chromium in which the source of chromium ions is an aqueous equilibrated solution of chromium(III) thiocyanate complex, the improvement which comprises, a buffer material in the solution, which buffer material provides one of the ligands for the complex, said buffer material being selected from the group consisting of amino acids, peptides, formates, acetates and hypophosphites.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
15 words
The invention as defined in claim 1 where the buffer material is an amino acid.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
13 words
The invention as defined in claim 2 wherein the amino acid is glycine.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
14 words
The invention as defined in claim 2 wherein the amino acid is aspartic acid.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
13 words
The invention as defined in claim 2 wherein the amino acid is arginine.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
13 words
The invention as defined in claim 2 wherein the amino acid is histadine.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
17 words
The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein the buffer includes as amino acid and a peptide.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
13 words
The invention as defined in claim 7 wherein the amino acid is glycine.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
12 words
The invention as defined in claim 7 wherein the peptide is diglycine.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
18 words
The invention as defined in claim 7 wherein the amino acid is glycine and the peptide is diglycine.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
13 words
The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein the buffer is a peptide.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
12 words
The invention as defined in claim 11 wherein the peptide is diglycine.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
12 words
The invention as defined in claim 11 wherein the peptide is triglycine.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
13 words
The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein the acetate is sodium acetate.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
13 words
The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein the formate is sodium formate.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
13 words
The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein the hypophosphite is sodium hypophosphite.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
73 words
In a method of plating chromium wherein an aqueous equilibrated solution of chromium(III) thiocyanate complex provided the source of chromium and wherein a current is passed through the solution to cause electrodeposition of chromium, the improvement which comprises, providing a buffer material in the solution, which buffer material provides one of the ligands for the complex, said buffer material being selected from the group consisting of amino acids, peptides, formates, acetates and hypophosphites.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
73 words
In a method of plating chromium wherein an aqueous equilibrated solution of chromium(III) thiocyanate complex provided the source of chromium and wherein a current is passed through the solution to cause electrodeposition of chromium, the improvement which comprises, providing a buffer material in the solution, which buffer material provides one of the ligands for the complex, said buffer material being selected from the group consisting of amino acids, peptides, formates, acetates and hypophosphites.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
15 words
The invention as defined in claim 17 wherein the buffer material is an amino acid.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
13 words
The invention as defined in claim 18 wherein the amino acid is glycine.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
14 words
The invention as defined in claim 18 wherein the amino acid is aspartic acid.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
13 words
The invention as defined in claim 18 wherein the amino acid is arginine.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
13 words
The invention as defined in claim 18 wherein the amino acid is histadine.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
17 words
The invention as defined in claim 17 wherein the buffer includes an amino acid and a peptide.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
13 words
The invention as defined in claim 23 wherein the amino acid is glycine.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
12 words
The invention as defined in claim 23 wherein the peptide is diglycine.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
18 words
The invention as defined in claim 23 wherein the amino acid is glycine and the peptide is diglycine.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
13 words
The invention as defined in claim 17 wherein the buffer is a peptide.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
12 words
The invention as defined in claim 27 wherein the peptide is diglycine.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
12 words
The invention as defined in claim 27 wherein the peptide is triglycine.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
13 words
The invention as defined in claim 17 wherein the acetate is sodium acetate.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
14 words
The invention as claimed in claim 17 in which the formate is sodium formate.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
14 words
The invention as claimed in claim 17 in which the hypophosphite is sodium hypophosphite.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1982-07-16 | 1983-01-15 | 1983-07-17 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1986-07-16 | 1987-01-15 | 1987-07-17 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1990-07-16 | 1991-01-15 | 1991-07-17 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |