Patent US5636364A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4156594A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Thixotropic gel fuels
Assignee: ENERGY & MINERALS RESEARCH Co A CORP OF PA
•
Filing: 1977-12-05
•
Granted: 1979-05-29
•
Expires: 1997-12-05
Abstract
Abstract A thixotropic gel fuel composition capable of being used in standard type oil burners comprising about 5 to about 75 volume percent of a solid carboniferous combustible material suspended in a liquid fuel and about 1 to about 10 weight percent of a substantially completely combustible gelling agent, the composition having a yield stress of about 20 to about 300 dynes per square centimeter. The composition may also contain ash modifiers.
Inventors
- 👤 William B. Tarpley, Jr.
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-05 16:03
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10L; C10L1/00; C10L1/32; C10L1/322; C10L7/00; C10L7/02
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 21
Claim 1
Independent Claim
115 words
A thixotropic gel fuel composition capable of being used in standard type oil burners comprising about 5 to about 75 volume percent of a solid carboniferous combustible material suspended in a liquid fuel, and about 1 to about 10 weight percent of a substantially completely combustible gelling agent which stably suspends the solid material in the liquid fuel, the gelling agent being selected from the group consisting of natural and synthetic gums and resins, modified castor oil polymers, butyl rubber, para-tertiary-butyl styrene polymers, amine reacted carboxypolymethylene resins, methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymers and polyvinyl sulfonate, the composition having a solid-like immobility below a yield stress of about 20 to about 300 dynes per square centimeter.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
115 words
A thixotropic gel fuel composition capable of being used in standard type oil burners comprising about 5 to about 75 volume percent of a solid carboniferous combustible material suspended in a liquid fuel, and about 1 to about 10 weight percent of a substantially completely combustible gelling agent which stably suspends the solid material in the liquid fuel, the gelling agent being selected from the group consisting of natural and synthetic gums and resins, modified castor oil polymers, butyl rubber, para-tertiary-butyl styrene polymers, amine reacted carboxypolymethylene resins, methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymers and polyvinyl sulfonate, the composition having a solid-like immobility below a yield stress of about 20 to about 300 dynes per square centimeter.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
20 words
A composition according to claim 1 wherein the liquid fuel has a lower ignition point than the solid combustible material.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
24 words
A composition according to claim 1 wherein the liquid fuel is selected from the group consisting of fuel oils, alcohols and waste organic solvents.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
29 words
A composition according to claim 1 wherein the solid combustible material is coal having a particle size between about 325 mesh and about 80 weight percent minus 200 mesh.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
22 words
A composition according to claim 1 wherein the gum is selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropyl cellulose, carageenan and methyl cellulose.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method of producing heat by burning the composition of claim 1 in a standard type oil burner.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method of producing heat by burning the composition of claim 2 in a standard type oil burner.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method of producing heat by burning the composition of claim 3 in a standard type oil burner.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method of producing heat by burning the composition of claim 4 in a standard type oil burner.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method of producing heat by burning the composition of claim 5 in a standard type oil burner.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
95 words
A thixotropic gel fuel composition having solid-like immobility at rest which is capable of being used in a standard type oil burner comprising about 5 to about 75 volume percent of a solid combustible material suspended in a liquid fuel, about 1 to about 10 weight percent of a substantially completely combustible gelling agent which stably suspends the solid material in the liquid fuel and an effective amount of an ash modifier to modify the melting point of any ash produced by the burning of the composition to minimize ash fouling of the burning apparatus.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
95 words
A thixotropic gel fuel composition having solid-like immobility at rest which is capable of being used in a standard type oil burner comprising about 5 to about 75 volume percent of a solid combustible material suspended in a liquid fuel, about 1 to about 10 weight percent of a substantially completely combustible gelling agent which stably suspends the solid material in the liquid fuel and an effective amount of an ash modifier to modify the melting point of any ash produced by the burning of the composition to minimize ash fouling of the burning apparatus.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
20 words
A composition according to claim 11 wherein the liquid fuel has a lower ignition point than the solid combustible material.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
24 words
A composition according to claim 11 wherein the liquid fuel is selected from the group consisting of fuel oils, alcohols and waste organic solvents.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
29 words
A composition according to claim 11 wherein the solid combustible material is coal having a particle size between about 325 mesh and about 80 weight percent minus 200 mesh.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
46 words
A composition according to claim 11 wherein the gelling agent is selected from the group consisting of carbon black, natural and synthetic gums and resins, modified castor oil polymers, butyl rubber, para-tertiary-butyl sytrene polymers, amine reacted carboxypolymethylene resins, methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymers and polyvinyl sulfonate.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
51 words
A composition according to claim 11 wherein the ash modifier modifies the ash to have a higher melting point and is selected from the group consisting of silica, titania, zirconia, dolomite, kaolin, attapulgite, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and magnesium and calcium compounds which upon heating yield magnesium oxide and calcium oxide.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
30 words
A composition according to claim 11 wherein the ash modifier is a bentonite or hectorite clay containing sodium and/or potassium to modify the ash to have a lower melting point.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
26 words
A composition according to claim 11 wherein the ash modifier is present in an amount approximately equivalent to the ash content of the solid combustible material.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
23 words
A composition according to claim 11 wherein the composition has a yield stress of about 20 to about 300 dynes per square centimeter.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US2754267A
Cited
US3095334A
Cited
US3313730A
Cited
US3539406A
Cited
US3907134A
Cited
US4045092A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1982-05-28 | 1982-11-27 | 1983-05-29 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1986-05-28 | 1986-11-27 | 1987-05-29 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1990-05-28 | 1990-11-27 | 1991-05-29 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |