US4045092A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Fuel composition and method of manufacture
Assignee: Keller Corp
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Filing: 1975-09-22
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Granted: 1977-08-30
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Expires: 1995-09-22
Abstract
Abstract An economical fuel composition that can be readily transported and stored and that has good nonpollution properties characterized by a combustible, pseudo-thixotropic liquid-solid suspensoid including a critical proportion of coal particles having a critical settling velocity substantially uniformly dispersed in a solution of methyl fuel including methanol, water and other alcohol-soluble constituents of the coal. The critically sized and shaped coal particles are worked in the presence of the methyl fuel to become wet along all surfaces, such that the coal particles are maintained in suspension by even low intensity stirring in storage and do not separate out upon flow through a pipe line. The suspensoid has shear thinning rheological properties so as to be pumpable with a lower apparent viscosity than its at rest viscosity.
Inventors
- 👤 Leonard J. Keller
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 21:39
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10L; C10L1/00; C10L1/32; C10L1/326; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T137/00; Y10T137/0318; Y10T137/0391
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 15
Claim 1
Independent Claim
145 words
A fuel composition comprising a combustible, pseudo-thixotropic liquid-solid suspensoid including a critical proportion of combustible carbonaceous particles having a critical settling velocity substantially uniformly dispersed in a solution of methyl fuel including methanol, water and other alcohol soluble constituents of said carbonaceous particles; said carbonaceous particles being present in a proportion of 50-80 percent by weight; said carbonaceous particles being sized and shaped to have a settling velocity in water of less than 21/2 centimeters per second and worked in the presence of said methanol so as to be wet by said methanol along all surfaces; said carbonaceous particles being held in suspension in said liquid-solid suspensoid by even low intensity stirring in storage and not separating out when pumped through a pipe line; said suspensoid having shear thinning rheological properties so as to be pumpable with a lower apparent viscosity than its at-rest viscosity.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
145 words
A fuel composition comprising a combustible, pseudo-thixotropic liquid-solid suspensoid including a critical proportion of combustible carbonaceous particles having a critical settling velocity substantially uniformly dispersed in a solution of methyl fuel including methanol, water and other alcohol soluble constituents of said carbonaceous particles; said carbonaceous particles being present in a proportion of 50-80 percent by weight; said carbonaceous particles being sized and shaped to have a settling velocity in water of less than 21/2 centimeters per second and worked in the presence of said methanol so as to be wet by said methanol along all surfaces; said carbonaceous particles being held in suspension in said liquid-solid suspensoid by even low intensity stirring in storage and not separating out when pumped through a pipe line; said suspensoid having shear thinning rheological properties so as to be pumpable with a lower apparent viscosity than its at-rest viscosity.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
27 words
The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein said combustible carbonaceous particles are of -8 mesh size with a majority of the particles being of -100 mesh size.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
21 words
The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein said liquid-solid suspensoid includes a shear thinning additive for more pronounced shear thinning properties.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
23 words
The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein there is included a sulfur-fixing additive for fixing sulfur in the slag and ash during combustion.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
28 words
The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein said fuel composition is cooled to a temperature of less than 32° F for being pumped through a subterranean pipe line.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
29 words
The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein no more than one percent of said combustible carbonaceous particles have sizes of less than 10 microns (0.01 millimeter) in lateral dimensions.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
31 words
The fuel composition of claim 6 wherein there are some combustible carbonaceous particles having a size less than 0.1 micron (0.0001 millimeters) for Brownian movement phenonmeon to improve thixotropy and suspension.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
157 words
A method of preparing a fuel composition comprising the steps of: a. preparing combustible carbonaceous particles of -8 mesh sizes with a majority of the carbonaceous particles being of -100 mesh size and having settling velocities of no more than 21/2 centimeters per second in water; b. working said combustible carbonaceous particles in the presence of methyl fuel including methanol so as to dissolve water and other alcohol-soluble impurities therefrom and activate and wet the surfaces of said combustible carbonaceous particles; and c. preparing a combustible, pseudo-thixotropic liquid-solid suspensoid having said worked combustible carbonaceous particles that have been worked to dissolve the alcohol-soluble impurities therefrom substantially uniformly distributed in the methyl fuel solution containing the alcohol soluble impurities dissolved from said combustible carbonaceous particles; said suspensoid including 50-80 percent by weight of said worked combustible carbonaceous particles and having shear thinning rheological properties so as to be pumpable with a lower apparent viscosity than its at-rest viscosity.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
157 words
A method of preparing a fuel composition comprising the steps of: a. preparing combustible carbonaceous particles of -8 mesh sizes with a majority of the carbonaceous particles being of -100 mesh size and having settling velocities of no more than 21/2 centimeters per second in water; b. working said combustible carbonaceous particles in the presence of methyl fuel including methanol so as to dissolve water and other alcohol-soluble impurities therefrom and activate and wet the surfaces of said combustible carbonaceous particles; and c. preparing a combustible, pseudo-thixotropic liquid-solid suspensoid having said worked combustible carbonaceous particles that have been worked to dissolve the alcohol-soluble impurities therefrom substantially uniformly distributed in the methyl fuel solution containing the alcohol soluble impurities dissolved from said combustible carbonaceous particles; said suspensoid including 50-80 percent by weight of said worked combustible carbonaceous particles and having shear thinning rheological properties so as to be pumpable with a lower apparent viscosity than its at-rest viscosity.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
57 words
The method of claim 8 wherein said combustible carbonaceous particles comprise coal; the steps a. and b. are performed by crushing coal, slurrying the crushed coal with said methyl fuel, storing the resulting slurry; thereafter comminuting said coal in said methyl fuel and screening the comminuted coal; returning any oversized coal to storage; and performing step c.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method of claim 9 wherein said slurry contains less than about 50 percent by weight coal and is thickened by returning the excess methyl fuel by an over flow to storage.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
122 words
The method of claim 8 wherein said combustible carbonaceous particles comprise coal; the steps a. and b. are performed by the steps of: a. crushing said coal; b. compacting said crushed coal into slabs and the like to reformulate the particles of coal; c. transforming the compressed coal into schistose-like particles of coal having a desired plate-like characteristic of thin particles of substantially parallel planes of cleaveage so as to have the desired low settling velocity; d. slurrying the crushed schistose-like particles of coal with said methyl fuel to form a slurry; e. storing the resulting slurry; f. thereafter comminuting said coal in said methyl fuel and screening the comminuted coal, returning any oversize coal to storage; and g. performing step c.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method of claim 11 wherein said slurry contains less than 50 percent by weight of said coal particles and is thickened by returning excess methyl fuel via an overflow to storage.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method of claim 8 wherein said carbonaceous particles comprise coal; said suspensoid containing said coal particles in methyl fuel are cooled to a temperature below 32° F and pumped through a subterranean pipe line.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1980-08-29 | 1981-02-28 | 1981-08-30 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1984-08-29 | 1985-02-28 | 1985-08-30 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1988-08-29 | 1989-02-28 | 1989-08-30 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |