Olefin polymerization process

Claim 2

A process which comprises contacting a C 2 -C 4 mono-olefin feed with a catalyst under polymerization conditions to include a temperature in the range of 250°-480° F., a pressure in the range of 400-1500 psig, and a space velocity in the range of 0.5 to 4.0 liquid weight hourly, said catalyst comprising: a dried and calcined laminar 2:1 layer-lattice aluminosilicate mineral possessing layer-lattice unit cells, each cell having an inherent negative charge balanced by cations exterior to said unit cell, said mineral corresponding to the following overall formula prior to drying and calcining: ##EQU2## Where Y is selected from the class consisting of nickel, cobalt and mixtures thereof; Q is at least 0.95 mol fraction silicon ions, the remainder consisting of tetravalent ions having an ionic radius not to exceed 0.65 A; C is at least one charge-balancing cation; and where e has a numerical value from 2 to 3 inclusive; w has a numerical value from 0.01 to 2 inclusive, with the proviso that the quantity ew have a numerical value from 0.02 to 4 inclusive; f has a value of 4 or less; x has a numerical value from 0.05 to 2.0 inclusive; y is the valence of the cation C; d is the number of cations C where the product dy=x+3(e-2)w; and recovering therefrom a low pour oligomer product having more than 75% by weight of the oligomer boiling above 200° F.

Claim 3

The process of claim 1 wherein said catalyst is in the sulfided form.

Claim 4

The catalyst of claim 2 wherein said mono-olefin feed comprises a mixture of C 3 and C 4 mono-olefins.

Claim 5

The process of claim 1 wherein said catalyst also contains a hydrogenation component selected from the group consisting of Group VI and Group VIII deposited thereon.

Claim 6

The process of claim 4 wherein said hydrogenation component is selected from the group consisting of nickel and cobalt and wherein the concentration of said hydrogenation component is in the range of 0.01 to 5 weight percent of said catalyst.

Claim 7

A process which comprises contacting a C 2 -C 5 olefin feed containing at least one tertiary alpha olefin with a catalyst under polymerization conditions to include a temperature in the range of 120° to 380° F., a pressure in the range of 400 to 1500 psig, and a space velocity in the range of 0.5 to 4.0 liquid weight hourly, said catalyst comprising: a dried and calcined laminar 2:1 layer-lattice aluminosilicate mineral possessing layer-lattice unit cells, each cell having an inherent negative charge balanced by cations exterior to said unit cell, said mineral corresponding to the following overall formula prior to drying and calcining: ##EQU3## Where Y is selected from the class consisting of nickel, cobalt and mixtures thereof; Q is at least 0.95 mol fraction silicon ions, the remainder consisting of tetravalent ions having an ionic radius not to exceed 0.65 A; C is at least one charge-balancing cation; and where e has a numerical value from 2 to 3 inclusive; w has a numerical value from 0.01 to 2 inclusive, with the proviso that the quantity ew have a numerical value from 0.02 to 4 inclusive; f has a value of 4 or less; x has a numerical value from 0.05 to 2.0 inclusive; y is the valence of the cation C; d is the number of cations C where the product dy=x+3(e-2)w; and recovering therefrom a gasoline boiling oligomer containing at least 50 weight percent of said tertiary alpha olefin.

Claim 8

A process which comprises contacting a C 2 -C 5 olefin feed containing at least one tertiary alpha olefin with a catalyst under polymerization conditions to include a temperature in the range of 120° to 380° F., a pressure in the range of 400 to 1500 psig, and a space velocity in the range of 0.5 to 4.0 liquid weight hourly, said catalyst comprising: a dried and calcined laminar 2:1 layer-lattice aluminosilicate mineral possessing layer-lattice unit cells, each cell having an inherent negative charge balanced by cations exterior to said unit cell, said mineral corresponding to the following overall formula prior to drying and calcining: ##EQU3## Where Y is selected from the class consisting of nickel, cobalt and mixtures thereof; Q is at least 0.95 mol fraction silicon ions, the remainder consisting of tetravalent ions having an ionic radius not to exceed 0.65 A; C is at least one charge-balancing cation; and where e has a numerical value from 2 to 3 inclusive; w has a numerical value from 0.01 to 2 inclusive, with the proviso that the quantity ew have a numerical value from 0.02 to 4 inclusive; f has a value of 4 or less; x has a numerical value from 0.05 to 2.0 inclusive; y is the valence of the cation C; d is the number of cations C where the product dy=x+3(e-2)w; and recovering therefrom a gasoline boiling oligomer containing at least 50 weight percent of said tertiary alpha olefin.

Claim 9

The process of claim 6 wherein at least 75%, on a weight basis, of the butene-1 contained in said olefin feed is isomerized to butene-2.

Claim 10

The process of claim 7 wherein said tertiary alpha olefin is isobutylene and wherein oligomerization of said isobutylene will be at least 50 weight percent.

Claim 11

The process of claim 6 wherein said catalyst is in the sulfided form.

Claim 12

The process of claim 9 wherein said tertiary alpha olefin is selected from the group consisting of isobutylene and 2-methyl-butene-1.

Claim 13

A process which comprises contacting a C 4 hydrocarbon mixture containing butene-1 and isobutylene with a catalyst under polymerization conditions to include a temperature in the range of 120° to 380° F., a pressure in the range of 400 to 1500 psig, and a space velocity in the range of 0.5 to 4.0 liquid weight hourly, said catalyst being in the sulfided form and comprising: a dried and calcined laminar 2:1 layer-lattice aluminosilicate mineral possessing layer-lattice unit cells, each cell having an inherent negative charge balanced by cations exterior to said unit cell, said mineral corresponding to the following overall formula prior to drying and calcining: ##EQU4## Where Y is selected from the class consisting of nickel, cobalt and mixtures thereof; Q is at least 0.95 mol fraction silicon ions, the remainder consisting of tetravalent ions having an ionic radius not to exceed 0.65 A; C is at least one charge-balancing cation; and where e has a numerical value from 2 to 3 inclusive; w has a numerical value from 0.01 to 2 inclusive, with the proviso that the quantity ew have a numerical value from 0.02 to 4 inclusive; f has a value of 4 or less; x has a numerical value from 0.05 to 2.0 inclusive; y is the valence of the cation C; d is the number of cations C where the product dy=x+3(e-2)w; and recovering therefrom a gasoline boiling range oligomer having a clear research octane number of 100.5 to 103, isobutylene oligomerization being from 50 to 80% by weight, and at least 75% of the butene-1 being isomerized to butene-2.

Claim 14

A process which comprises contacting a C 4 hydrocarbon mixture containing butene-1 and isobutylene with a catalyst under polymerization conditions to include a temperature in the range of 120° to 380° F., a pressure in the range of 400 to 1500 psig, and a space velocity in the range of 0.5 to 4.0 liquid weight hourly, said catalyst being in the sulfided form and comprising: a dried and calcined laminar 2:1 layer-lattice aluminosilicate mineral possessing layer-lattice unit cells, each cell having an inherent negative charge balanced by cations exterior to said unit cell, said mineral corresponding to the following overall formula prior to drying and calcining: ##EQU4## Where Y is selected from the class consisting of nickel, cobalt and mixtures thereof; Q is at least 0.95 mol fraction silicon ions, the remainder consisting of tetravalent ions having an ionic radius not to exceed 0.65 A; C is at least one charge-balancing cation; and where e has a numerical value from 2 to 3 inclusive; w has a numerical value from 0.01 to 2 inclusive, with the proviso that the quantity ew have a numerical value from 0.02 to 4 inclusive; f has a value of 4 or less; x has a numerical value from 0.05 to 2.0 inclusive; y is the valence of the cation C; d is the number of cations C where the product dy=x+3(e-2)w; and recovering therefrom a gasoline boiling range oligomer having a clear research octane number of 100.5 to 103, isobutylene oligomerization being from 50 to 80% by weight, and at least 75% of the butene-1 being isomerized to butene-2.

Claim 15

A process which comprises contacting a hydrocarbon feed containing propylene and isobutylene with a catalyst under polymerization conditions to include a temperature in the range of 120° to 380° F., a pressure in the range of 400 to 1500 psig, and a space velocity in the range of 0.5 to 4.0 liquid weight hourly, said catalyst comprising: a dried and calcined laminar 2:1 layer-lattice aluminosilicate mineral possessing layer-lattice unit cells, each cell having an inherent negative charge balanced by cations exterior to said unit cell, said mineral corresponding to the following overall formula prior to drying and calcining: ##EQU5## Where Y is selected from the class consisting of nickel, cobalt and mixtures thereof; Q is at least 0.95 mol fraction silicon ions, the remainder consisting of tetravalent ions having an ionic radius not to exceed 0.65 A; C is at least one charge-balancing cation; and where e has a numerical value from 2 to 3 inclusive; w has a numerical value from 0.01 to 2 inclusive, with the proviso that the quantity ew have a numerical value from 0.02 to 4 inclusive; f has a value of 4 or less; x has a numerical value from 0.05 to 2.0 inclusive; y is the valence of the cation C; d is the number of cations C where the product dy=x+3(e-2)w; and recovering therefrom a gasoline boiling oligomer containing from 85 to 98 weight percent of said isobutylene and from 12 to 40 weight percent of said propylene contained in said feed, the liquid oligomer product having a clear research octane number in the range of 98-100.

Claim 16

A process which comprises contacting a hydrocarbon feed containing propylene and isobutylene with a catalyst under polymerization conditions to include a temperature in the range of 120° to 380° F., a pressure in the range of 400 to 1500 psig, and a space velocity in the range of 0.5 to 4.0 liquid weight hourly, said catalyst comprising: a dried and calcined laminar 2:1 layer-lattice aluminosilicate mineral possessing layer-lattice unit cells, each cell having an inherent negative charge balanced by cations exterior to said unit cell, said mineral corresponding to the following overall formula prior to drying and calcining: ##EQU5## Where Y is selected from the class consisting of nickel, cobalt and mixtures thereof; Q is at least 0.95 mol fraction silicon ions, the remainder consisting of tetravalent ions having an ionic radius not to exceed 0.65 A; C is at least one charge-balancing cation; and where e has a numerical value from 2 to 3 inclusive; w has a numerical value from 0.01 to 2 inclusive, with the proviso that the quantity ew have a numerical value from 0.02 to 4 inclusive; f has a value of 4 or less; x has a numerical value from 0.05 to 2.0 inclusive; y is the valence of the cation C; d is the number of cations C where the product dy=x+3(e-2)w; and recovering therefrom a gasoline boiling oligomer containing from 85 to 98 weight percent of said isobutylene and from 12 to 40 weight percent of said propylene contained in said feed, the liquid oligomer product having a clear research octane number in the range of 98-100.