Protecting pavement materials against the effects of freezing and thawing of water or brine solutions

Claim 1

A spalling reducing composition for application to the surface of cured concrete and bituminous concrete while such surface is subject to the accumulation of water, snow or ice under ambient temperature conditions which are conducive to freezing water absorbed into the porous concrete and bituminous concrete comprising, soluble sodium carboxy methyl cellulose and a protecting agent, said protecting agent having the capacity of reacting with calcium ions in a solution containing such ions so as to aid in maintaining said sodium carboxy methyl cellulose in a soluble state when in the presence of calcium ions, said sodium carboxy methyl cellulose and said protecting agent being present in a range of ratios by weight from approximately 20 parts sodium carboxy methyl cellulose to 1 part protecting agent and from 1 part sodium carboxy methyl cellulose to 7 parts protecting agent.

Claim 14

The method of protecting concrete and bituminous concrete which are subject to accumulations of water, snow, and ice from spalling caused by the freezing and thawing of liquids which have been absorbed within the concrete and bituminous concrete comprising, the steps of: A. dissolving a protecting agent in water to form a saturated solution, said protecting agent having the capability of reacting with calcium ions in a solution containing such ions, B. mixing said protecting agent solution with a de-icing agent selected from the group consisting of urea, sodium chloride, or a combination of urea and sodium chloride to uniformly coat the surface of the de-icing agent to form a mixture, C. blending sodium carboxy methyl cellulose with said mixture to form a uniform granular free flowing blend having a composition in percent by dry weight within the ranges of: ______________________________________ Approximate % dry weight of composition (±.1%) ______________________________________ Protecting agent 32.0 to .5 Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose 26.6 to .5 De-icing agent 41.4 to 99.0 ______________________________________ D. spreading said uniform blend onto the concrete or bituminous concrete surface so as to be present when water, snow, or ice contacts such surface and ambient temperatures are sufficiently low to cause water to freeze.

Claim 15

The method of protecting concrete and bituminous concrete which are subject to accumulations of water, snow, and ice from spalling caused by the freezing and thawing of liquids which have been absorbed within the concrete and bituminous concrete comprising, the steps of: A. dissolving a protecting agent in water to form a saturated solution, said protecting agent having the capability of reacting with calcium ions in a solution containing such ions, B. mixing said protecting agent solution with a de-icing agent selected from the group consisting of urea, sodium chloride, or a combination of urea and sodium chloride to uniformly coat the surface of the de-icing agent to form a mixture, C. blending sodium carboxy methyl cellulose with said mixture to form a uniform granular free flowing blend having a composition in percent by dry weight within the ranges of: ______________________________________ Approximate % dry weight of composition (±.1%) ______________________________________ Protecting agent 32.0 to .5 Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose 26.6 to .5 De-icing agent 41.4 to 99.0 ______________________________________ D. spreading said uniform blend onto the concrete or bituminous concrete surface so as to be present when water, snow, or ice contacts such surface and ambient temperatures are sufficiently low to cause water to freeze.

Claim 19

The method of reducing the amount of spalling damage to cured concrete and cured bituminous concrete subject to the accumulation of water, snow, and ice comprising the steps of: A. blending sodium carboxy methyl cellulose and a protecting agent which precipitates, sequesters, or chelates calcium ions in the concrete to form a flowable uniform blend having from approximately 1.0 part sodium carboxy methyl cellulose to 1.0 to 7.0 parts protecting agent, B. applying said blend to the concrete or bituminous concrete so as to be present when water, snow, or ice is contacting the same and at a time when ambient temperatures are sufficiently low to freeze water.

Claim 20

The method of reducing the amount of spalling damage to cured concrete and cured bituminous concrete subject to the accumulation of water, snow, and ice comprising the steps of: A. blending sodium carboxy methyl cellulose and a protecting agent which precipitates, sequesters, or chelates calcium ions in the concrete to form a flowable uniform blend having from approximately 1.0 part sodium carboxy methyl cellulose to 1.0 to 7.0 parts protecting agent, B. applying said blend to the concrete or bituminous concrete so as to be present when water, snow, or ice is contacting the same and at a time when ambient temperatures are sufficiently low to freeze water.

Claim 23

A method of reducing the amount of spalling of concrete and bituminous concrete roads, highways, driveways and walkways which results when such surfaces are subject to accumulations of water, snow and ice during ambient temperatures which cause freezing of water based solutions absorbed into the pores of concrete and bituminous concrete comprising the steps of: A. applying sodium chloride to the concrete or bituminous concrete to melt ice and snow contacting the surface and thereby forming a brine solution, B. spreading soluble sodium carboxy methyl cellulose on said brine solution in amounts equalling 100 to 10,000 ppm sodium carboxy methyl cellulose in the brine solution and so as to be present at a time when ambient temperatures are sufficiently low to cause the brine solution to freeze, whereby the presence of sodium carboxy methyl cellulose reduces the amount of spalling of the concrete or bituminous concrete.

Claim 24

A method of reducing the amount of spalling of concrete and bituminous concrete roads, highways, driveways and walkways which results when such surfaces are subject to accumulations of water, snow and ice during ambient temperatures which cause freezing of water based solutions absorbed into the pores of concrete and bituminous concrete comprising the steps of: A. applying sodium chloride to the concrete or bituminous concrete to melt ice and snow contacting the surface and thereby forming a brine solution, B. spreading soluble sodium carboxy methyl cellulose on said brine solution in amounts equalling 100 to 10,000 ppm sodium carboxy methyl cellulose in the brine solution and so as to be present at a time when ambient temperatures are sufficiently low to cause the brine solution to freeze, whereby the presence of sodium carboxy methyl cellulose reduces the amount of spalling of the concrete or bituminous concrete.

Claim 25

A method of reducing the amount of spalling of concrete and bituminous concrete roads, highways, driveways and walkways which results when such surfaces are subject to accumulations of water, snow and ice during ambient temperatures which cause freezing of water based solutions absorbed into the pores of concrete and bituminous concrete comprising the steps of: A. mixing sodium carboxy methyl cellulose with a de-icing agent selected from the group of urea, sodium chloride, or a combination of urea and sodium chloride, to form a free flowing blend in which the sodium carboxy methyl cellulose is evenly distributed over the surface of said de-icing agent, B. spreading said free flowing blend on the concrete or bituminous concrete so as to be present when water, ice, or snow is contacting the same and at a time when ambient temperatures are sufficiently low to freeze water, whereby the presence of said sodium carboxy methyl cellulose reduces the amount of spalling of the concrete or bituminous concrete.

Claim 26

A method of reducing the amount of spalling of concrete and bituminous concrete roads, highways, driveways and walkways which results when such surfaces are subject to accumulations of water, snow and ice during ambient temperatures which cause freezing of water based solutions absorbed into the pores of concrete and bituminous concrete comprising the steps of: A. mixing sodium carboxy methyl cellulose with a de-icing agent selected from the group of urea, sodium chloride, or a combination of urea and sodium chloride, to form a free flowing blend in which the sodium carboxy methyl cellulose is evenly distributed over the surface of said de-icing agent, B. spreading said free flowing blend on the concrete or bituminous concrete so as to be present when water, ice, or snow is contacting the same and at a time when ambient temperatures are sufficiently low to freeze water, whereby the presence of said sodium carboxy methyl cellulose reduces the amount of spalling of the concrete or bituminous concrete.