Patent US4148741A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4148741A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Polymerization and attrition method for producing toner with reduced processing steps
Assignee: Xerox Corp
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Filing: 1976-08-02
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Granted: 1979-04-10
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Expires: 1996-08-02
Abstract
Abstract A method of toner formation utilizing bead polymerization to produce colored particles which may be directly attrited to toner.
Inventors
- 👤 Robert D. Bayley
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 02:40
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G9/00; G03G9/08; G03G9/0802; G03G9/0804; G03G9/0806; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S524/00; Y10S524/901; Y10S524/902
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 22
Claim 1
Independent Claim
147 words
A method of toner formation comprising agitating an aqueous mixture of a pigment and a reactive material to form a coating on the pigment to clad the pigment, wherein said pigment is insoluble in water and capable of being dispersed in a monomer, dispersion of the cladded pigment in monomer, wherein said monomer is capable of being polymerized into a polymeric material by dispersion polymerization and said polymeric material has a melting point within the range suitable for use as a toner, agitation of the monomer containing pigment in water to form droplets in suspension, said droplets having a size of from about 200 to about 600 microns, agitation of said monomer during polymerization to form particles having a size of from 200 to 600 microns, washing and drying the particles and reducing the particle size thereof to 5 to 30 microns by attrition to form toner.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
147 words
A method of toner formation comprising agitating an aqueous mixture of a pigment and a reactive material to form a coating on the pigment to clad the pigment, wherein said pigment is insoluble in water and capable of being dispersed in a monomer, dispersion of the cladded pigment in monomer, wherein said monomer is capable of being polymerized into a polymeric material by dispersion polymerization and said polymeric material has a melting point within the range suitable for use as a toner, agitation of the monomer containing pigment in water to form droplets in suspension, said droplets having a size of from about 200 to about 600 microns, agitation of said monomer during polymerization to form particles having a size of from 200 to 600 microns, washing and drying the particles and reducing the particle size thereof to 5 to 30 microns by attrition to form toner.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said pigment is carbon black.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
10 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said monomer comprises styrene.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said agitation during polymerization is carried out for longer than about 3 hours.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said pigment containing monomer forms about 0.2 to about 40 percent of the total volume of the monomer and water mixture.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 1 wherein an initiator is present during pigment dispersion in the monomer.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 6 wherein said initiator is lauryl peroxide.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 6 wherein said cladded pigment and said initiator are dispersed in said monomer by high shear mixing prior to said agitation to form the suspension.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 1 wherein an effective amount of stabilizer is present during dispersion.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 9 wherein said stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of talcum, tricalcium phosphate and barium sulfate.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 10 wherein said stabilizer is removed after polymerization.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 9 wherein said stabilizer is present in about 0.75 to about 1 percent by weight of the water.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 9 wherein said stabilizer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polyethylene oxide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid and polyacrylamide and polyvinyl alcohol.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said attrition is by jetting.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said monomer additionally has dispersed therein a material selected from the group consisting of crosslinking agents, chain transfer agents and mixtures thereof.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the cladding of the pigment comprises suspension of the pigment in a solution of reactive monomer and water.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 16 wherein said reactive monomer is selected from the group consisting of dimethoxysilanes, trimethoxysilanes, diethoxy silanes, triethoxy silanes and disilizanes.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 16 wherein said reactive monomer comprises a reactive silane.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 16 wherein said reactive monomer is triethoxy silane.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 19 wherein said silane comprises between about 1 and about 3 percent of the water in said solution.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 16 wherein said reactive silane comprises between about 0.1 and 4 weight percent of the water in said solution.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1982-04-09 | 1982-10-09 | 1983-04-10 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1986-04-09 | 1986-10-09 | 1987-04-10 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1990-04-09 | 1990-10-09 | 1991-04-10 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |