Oxidizing hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide

Claim 1

A method for recovering gaseous products from a first in situ oil shale retort in a subterranean formation containing oil shale, said first in situ retort containing an explosively expanded and fragmented permeable mass of particles containing oil shale and having a combustion zone and a retorting zone advancing therethrough, the method comprising the steps of: (a) introducing into the first in situ oil shale retort on the trailing side of the combustion zone a combustion zone feed comprising oxygen to advance the combustion zone through the fragmented mass of particles and produce combustion gas in the combustion zone; (b) passing said combustion gas and any unreacted portion of the combustion zone feed through a retorting zone in the fragmented mass of particles on the advancing side of the combustion zone, wherein oil shale is retorted and gaseous products, including hydrocarbons, are produced; (c) withdrawing an off gas comprising said gaseous products, combustion gases and any gaseous unreacted portion of the combustion zone feed, and including hydrocarbons, hydrogen and carbon monoxide from the first in situ oil shale retort from the advancing side of the retorting zone; and (d) reducing the hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration of such off gas by the steps of: (i) introducing at least a portion of the off gas from the first retort into a second in situ oil shale retort in a subterranean formation containing a fragmented permeable mass of formation particles containing combusted oil shale; (ii) concurrently introducing oxygen containing gas into the second retort for reacting oxygen in the oxygen containing gas with the hydrocarbons, hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the introduced off gas in the presence of combusted oil shale in the second retort to yield gas having a hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration relatively lower than the hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration of the introduced off gas; and (iii) withdrawing from the second retort such gas having relatively lower hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration.

Claim 2

A method for recovering gaseous products from a first in situ oil shale retort in a subterranean formation containing oil shale, said first in situ retort containing an explosively expanded and fragmented permeable mass of particles containing oil shale and having a combustion zone and a retorting zone advancing therethrough, the method comprising the steps of: (a) introducing into the first in situ oil shale retort on the trailing side of the combustion zone a combustion zone feed comprising oxygen to advance the combustion zone through the fragmented mass of particles and produce combustion gas in the combustion zone; (b) passing said combustion gas and any unreacted portion of the combustion zone feed through a retorting zone in the fragmented mass of particles on the advancing side of the combustion zone, wherein oil shale is retorted and gaseous products, including hydrocarbons, are produced; (c) withdrawing an off gas comprising said gaseous products, combustion gases and any gaseous unreacted portion of the combustion zone feed, and including hydrocarbons, hydrogen and carbon monoxide from the first in situ oil shale retort from the advancing side of the retorting zone; and (d) reducing the hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration of such off gas by the steps of: (i) introducing at least a portion of the off gas from the first retort into a second in situ oil shale retort in a subterranean formation containing a fragmented permeable mass of formation particles containing combusted oil shale; (ii) concurrently introducing oxygen containing gas into the second retort for reacting oxygen in the oxygen containing gas with the hydrocarbons, hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the introduced off gas in the presence of combusted oil shale in the second retort to yield gas having a hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration relatively lower than the hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration of the introduced off gas; and (iii) withdrawing from the second retort such gas having relatively lower hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration.

Claim 3

A method of decreasing the hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration of a gas comprising the steps of: introducing a gas containing relatively higher hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration to a fragmented permeable mass of particles containing combusted oil shale, wherein at least a portion of the oil shale contains alkaline earth metal oxides; reacting the hydrocarbons, hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the introduced gas with oxygen in the presence of the combusted oil shale to yield carbon dioxide and a gas having a lower hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration than the introduced gas; reacting at least a portion of the carbon dioxide with at least a portion of the alkaline earth metal oxides; and, withdrawing gas having relatively lower concentration of hydrocarbons, hydrogen and carbon monoxide from the fragmented permeable mass.

Claim 4

A method of decreasing the hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration of a gas comprising the steps of: introducing a gas containing relatively higher hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration to a fragmented permeable mass of particles containing combusted oil shale, wherein at least a portion of the oil shale contains alkaline earth metal oxides; reacting the hydrocarbons, hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the introduced gas with oxygen in the presence of the combusted oil shale to yield carbon dioxide and a gas having a lower hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration than the introduced gas; reacting at least a portion of the carbon dioxide with at least a portion of the alkaline earth metal oxides; and, withdrawing gas having relatively lower concentration of hydrocarbons, hydrogen and carbon monoxide from the fragmented permeable mass.

Claim 8

A method of decreasing the hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration of gas comprising the steps of: introducing gas containing relatively higher hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration into an in situ oil shale retort in a subterranean formation containing oil shale, said in situ retort containing a fragmented permeable mass of formation particles containing combusted oil shale and alkaline earth metal oxides; concurrently introducing oxygen containing gas into the retort for reacting oxygen in the oxygen containing gas with hydrocarbons, hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the gas of relatively higher hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration in the presence of combusted oil shale in the retort to produce carbon dioxide and a gas having a hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration relatively lower than the hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration of the introduced gas; reacting at least a portion of the carbon dioxide with at least a portion of the alkaline earth metal oxides; and, withdrawing gas having a relatively lower hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration from the first retort.

Claim 9

A method of decreasing the hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration of gas comprising the steps of: introducing gas containing relatively higher hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration into an in situ oil shale retort in a subterranean formation containing oil shale, said in situ retort containing a fragmented permeable mass of formation particles containing combusted oil shale and alkaline earth metal oxides; concurrently introducing oxygen containing gas into the retort for reacting oxygen in the oxygen containing gas with hydrocarbons, hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the gas of relatively higher hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration in the presence of combusted oil shale in the retort to produce carbon dioxide and a gas having a hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration relatively lower than the hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration of the introduced gas; reacting at least a portion of the carbon dioxide with at least a portion of the alkaline earth metal oxides; and, withdrawing gas having a relatively lower hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration from the first retort.

Claim 14

A method for decreasing hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration of a gas stream from an in situ oil shale retort comprising the steps of: forming carbon dioxide by combining the gas stream with oxygen in the presence of a fragmented permeable mass of particles containing combusted oil shale, wherein at least a portion of the combusted oil shale contains alkaline earth metal oxides for combining with the formed carbon dioxide.

Claim 15

A method for decreasing hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration of a gas stream from an in situ oil shale retort comprising the steps of: forming carbon dioxide by combining the gas stream with oxygen in the presence of a fragmented permeable mass of particles containing combusted oil shale, wherein at least a portion of the combusted oil shale contains alkaline earth metal oxides for combining with the formed carbon dioxide.

Claim 17

A method for removing hydrocarbons, hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a gas stream comprising the steps of: forming a first in situ oil shale retort in a subterranean formation containing oil shale, said first in situ retort containing a fragmented permeable mass of formation particles containing oil shale and alkaline earth metal carbonates; producing combusted oil shale in the first retort by introducing a gaseous combustion zone feed comprising an oxygen supplying gas into a combustion zone in the fragmented mass for advancing the combustion zone through the fragmented mass of particles and producing combustion gas and combusted oil shale and converting at least a portion of the alkaline earth metal carbonates to corresponding alkaline earth metal oxides; thereafter, contacting, in the presence of oxygen, combusted oil shale particles at a temperature greater than about 600° F. in the first in situ retort with a process gas with relatively higher hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration to form carbon dioxide and water, wherein at least a portion of the formed carbon dioxide combines with alkaline earth metal oxides contained in the first retort to yield gas having a hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration relatively lower than the hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration of the process gas; and withdrawing gas with relatively lower hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration from the first in situ oil shale retort.

Claim 18

A method for removing hydrocarbons, hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a gas stream comprising the steps of: forming a first in situ oil shale retort in a subterranean formation containing oil shale, said first in situ retort containing a fragmented permeable mass of formation particles containing oil shale and alkaline earth metal carbonates; producing combusted oil shale in the first retort by introducing a gaseous combustion zone feed comprising an oxygen supplying gas into a combustion zone in the fragmented mass for advancing the combustion zone through the fragmented mass of particles and producing combustion gas and combusted oil shale and converting at least a portion of the alkaline earth metal carbonates to corresponding alkaline earth metal oxides; thereafter, contacting, in the presence of oxygen, combusted oil shale particles at a temperature greater than about 600° F. in the first in situ retort with a process gas with relatively higher hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration to form carbon dioxide and water, wherein at least a portion of the formed carbon dioxide combines with alkaline earth metal oxides contained in the first retort to yield gas having a hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration relatively lower than the hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration of the process gas; and withdrawing gas with relatively lower hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration from the first in situ oil shale retort.

Claim 20

A method for generating useful heat from the gas produced by the retorting of an in situ oil shale retort comprising the steps of introducing the gas to a reaction zone comprising a fragmented permeable mass of particles containing combusted oil shale and heat exchange means; and, concurrently introducing an oxygen containing gas to the reaction zone and reacting the oxygen in the oxygen containing gas with at least one constituent of the gas; and transferring the heat of the reaction from the reaction zone through the heat exchange means.

Claim 21

A method for generating useful heat from the gas produced by the retorting of an in situ oil shale retort comprising the steps of introducing the gas to a reaction zone comprising a fragmented permeable mass of particles containing combusted oil shale and heat exchange means; and, concurrently introducing an oxygen containing gas to the reaction zone and reacting the oxygen in the oxygen containing gas with at least one constituent of the gas; and transferring the heat of the reaction from the reaction zone through the heat exchange means.

Claim 22

A method for generating useful heat from a gas produced by the retorting of an in situ oil shale retort, said gas comprising the steps of introducing the gas to a vessel containing a fragmented permeable mass of particles containing combusted oil shale and heat exchange means; concurrently introducing an oxygen containing gas to the vessel; reacting the oxygen in the oxygen containing gas with at least a portion of the hydrocarbons, hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the gas produced by the retorting of an in situ oil shale retort; and, transferring the heat of the reaction from the vessel through the heat exchange means.

Claim 23

A method for generating useful heat from a gas produced by the retorting of an in situ oil shale retort, said gas comprising the steps of introducing the gas to a vessel containing a fragmented permeable mass of particles containing combusted oil shale and heat exchange means; concurrently introducing an oxygen containing gas to the vessel; reacting the oxygen in the oxygen containing gas with at least a portion of the hydrocarbons, hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the gas produced by the retorting of an in situ oil shale retort; and, transferring the heat of the reaction from the vessel through the heat exchange means.