Process for electrolytic deposition of metals on zirconium materials

Claim 2

In a process for the electrolytic deposition of a metal film on an article comprised of zirconium or a zirconium alloy comprising the steps of (a) activating the article in an aqueous activating solution comprising from about 10 to about 20 grams per liter of ammonium bifluoride and from about 0.75 to about 2 grams per liter of sulfuric acid, the solution being aged by immersion of pickled zirconium in said solution for about 10 minutes, and (b) contacting the article with an electrolytic plating solution containing the metal to be deposited on the article in the presence of an electrode receiving current; the improvement comprising removing any loosely adhering film formed on the article in the activating step prior to practicing the contacting step, said improvement of removing any loosely adhering film being selected from the group consisting of (i) immersing the article in water and applying ultrasonic energy on the immersed article, (ii) contacting the article with an aqueous solution comprising from about 2 to about 10 percent fluoboric acid by volume, (iii) contacting the article with an aqueous solution comprising from about 2 to about 10 percent hydrofluosilicic acid by volume, and (iv) contacting the article with a swab.

Claim 3

A process according to claim 1 in which the article is rinsed in water after each step of claim 1.

Claim 4

A process according to claim 2 in which the water is deionized.

Claim 5

A process according to claim 1 in which the step of removing the loosely adhering film comprises immersing the article in water and applying ultrasonic energy on the immersed article.

Claim 6

A process according to claim 1 in which the step of removing the loosely adhering film comprises contacting the article with an aqueous solution comprising from about 2 to about 10 percent fluoboric acid by volume.

Claim 7

A process according to claim 1 in which the step of removing the loosely adhering film comprises contacting the article with an aqueous solution comprising from about 2 to about 10 percent hydrofluosilicic acid by volume.

Claim 8

A process according to claim 1 in which the step of removing the loosely adhering film comprises contacting the article with a swab.

Claim 9

A process according to claim 7 in which the swab is comprised of an organic material wrapped on a rubber plug.

Claim 10

A process according to claim 8 in which the organic material is polyester.

Claim 11

A process according to claim 8 in which the organic material is nylon.

Claim 12

A process according to claim 7 in which the swab is comprised of cotton.

Claim 13

A process according to claim 1 in which the plated article is subsequently out-gassed by heating at a temperature in the range of about 300° to about 400° F.

Claim 14

A process according to claim 1 in which the article is in the form of a long hollow cylindrical tube comprised of a zirconium alloy.

Claim 15

In a process for electrolytic deposition of a metal film on an article comprised of zirconium or a zirconium alloy comprising the steps of (a) activating the article in an aqueous activating solution comprising from about 10 to about 20 grams per liter of ammonium bifluoride and from about 0.75 to about 2 grams per liter of sulfuric acid, the solution being aged by immersion of pickled zirconium in said solution for about 10 minutes, (b) rinsing the article in water, and (c) contacting the article with an electrolytic plating solution containing the metal to be deposited on the article in the presence of an electrode receiving current; the improvement comprising removing any loosely adhering film formed on the article in the activating step and rinsing the article in water prior to practicing the contacting steps, said improvement of removing any loosely adhering film being selected from the group consisting of (i) immersing the article in water and applying ultrasonic energy on the immersed article, (ii) contacting the article with an aqueous solution comprising from about 2 to about 10 percent fluoboric acid by volume, (iii) contacting the article with an aqueous solution comprising from about 2 to about 10 percent hydrofluosilicic acid by volume, and (iv) contacting the article with a swab.

Claim 16

In a process for electrolytic deposition of a metal film on an article comprised of zirconium or a zirconium alloy comprising the steps of (a) activating the article in an aqueous activating solution comprising from about 10 to about 20 grams per liter of ammonium bifluoride and from about 0.75 to about 2 grams per liter of sulfuric acid, the solution being aged by immersion of pickled zirconium in said solution for about 10 minutes, (b) rinsing the article in water, and (c) contacting the article with an electrolytic plating solution containing the metal to be deposited on the article in the presence of an electrode receiving current; the improvement comprising removing any loosely adhering film formed on the article in the activating step and rinsing the article in water prior to practicing the contacting steps, said improvement of removing any loosely adhering film being selected from the group consisting of (i) immersing the article in water and applying ultrasonic energy on the immersed article, (ii) contacting the article with an aqueous solution comprising from about 2 to about 10 percent fluoboric acid by volume, (iii) contacting the article with an aqueous solution comprising from about 2 to about 10 percent hydrofluosilicic acid by volume, and (iv) contacting the article with a swab.

Claim 17

A process according to claim 14 in which the article is in the form of a long hollow cylindrical tube comprised of a zirconium alloy.

Claim 18

A process according to claim 14 in which the step of removing the loosely adhering film comprises immersing the article in water and applying ultrasonic energy on the immersed article.

Claim 19

A process according to claim 14 in which the step of removing the loosely adhering film comprises contacting the article with an aqueous solution comprising from about 2 to about 10 percent fluoboric acid by volume.

Claim 20

A process according to claim 14 in which the step of removing the loosely adhering film comprises contacting the article with an aqueous solution comprising from about 2 to about 10 percent hydrofluosilicic acid by volume.

Claim 21

A process according to claim 14 in which the step of removing the loosely adhering film comprises contacting the article with a swab.