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US4132837A
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Electrochemical cells with non-aqueous electrolytes containing macroheterocyclic compounds
Assignee: University Patents Inc
•
Filing: 1978-03-30
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Granted: 1979-01-02
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Expires: 1998-03-30
Abstract
Abstract High energy output primary and secondary electrochemical cells are disclosed as having a light metal anode such as lithium metal, a cathode and a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising an aprotic solvent having dissolved therein an electrically conductive salt and a macroheterocyclic compound complexed with the cation moiety of the salt.
Inventors
- 👤 Abraham Soffer
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 20:46
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01M; H01M10/00; H01M10/05; H01M10/056; H01M10/0564; H01M10/0566; H01M10/0567; H01M6/00; H01M6/14; H01M6/16; H01M6/162; H01M6/168; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 38
Claim 1
Independent Claim
38 words
An electrochemical cell comprising a light metal anode, a cathode and a non-aqueous electroyte comrprising an aprotic organic solvent having dissolved therein an electrically conductive salt and a macroheterocyclic compound complexed with the cation moiety of the salt.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
38 words
An electrochemical cell comprising a light metal anode, a cathode and a non-aqueous electroyte comrprising an aprotic organic solvent having dissolved therein an electrically conductive salt and a macroheterocyclic compound complexed with the cation moiety of the salt.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
30 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 1 wherein the macroheterocyclic compound is selected from the group consisting of crown ethers; cryptands; crown, lantern and clam macrocyclic hetero imine compounds; and, aroylcrownethers.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
32 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 2 wherein the crown ether is selected from the group consisting of 12 crown 4 ether, benzo 14 crown 4 ether and dicyclohexyl 18 crown 6 ether.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 2 wherein the cryptand is selected from the group consisting of cryptand 211, cryptand 221 and cryptand 222.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 1 wherein the aprotic solvent is a polar aprotic organic solvent.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
38 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 5 wherein the polar aprotic organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of tertiary amines; amides and substituted amides; open chain and cyclic esters; oxysulfur compounds; and, open chain and cyclic ethers.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 1 wherein the aprotic solvent is a non-polar aprotic organic solvent.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
27 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 7 wherein the non-polar aprotic organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of normal and branched paraffins; cycloparaffins; and, aromatic hydrocarbons.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 1 wherein the light metal anode is an alkali metal anode.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
15 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 9 wherein the alkali metal anode is a lithium anode.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
44 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 1 wherein the electrically conductive salt contains a light metal cation and an anion selected from the group consisting of the halides, halates, perhalates, haloaluminates, haloarsenates, halophosphates, haloacetates, phosphates, thiocyanates, sulfides, sulfates, cyanides, picrates, acetylacetonates, fluoborates, hydrides and borohydrides.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
37 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 1 wherein the electrically conductive salt contains lithium cation and an anion selected from the group consisting of azide, halide, halate, perhalate, cyanide, sulfide, sulfate, hydrosulfite, iodate, nitrate, hypochlorite, nitrate and thiocyanate.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
27 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 1 wherein the electrically conductive salt is present in a concentration in excess of about 0.1 molar with respect to the solvent.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
27 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 13 wherein the electrically conductive salt is present in a concentation of from about 0.6 to saturation with respect to the solvent.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
22 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 1 wherein the ratio of macroheterocyclic compound to the electrically conductive salt is greater than about 1:1.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
22 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 15 wherein the ratio of macroheterocyclic compound to the electrically conductive salt is greater than about 2:1.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
29 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 1 wherein the electroltye has a specific conductivity of from about 10 -4 (ohm cm.) -1 to about 10 -1 (ohm cm) -1 .
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 1 wherein the cell is incorporated in a primary or secondary battery.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
36 words
A non-aqueous electroltye for use in a light metal anode electrochemical cell comprising an aprotic organic solvent having dissolved therein an electrically conductive salt and a macroheterocyclic compound complexed with the cation moiety of the salt.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
36 words
A non-aqueous electroltye for use in a light metal anode electrochemical cell comprising an aprotic organic solvent having dissolved therein an electrically conductive salt and a macroheterocyclic compound complexed with the cation moiety of the salt.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
30 words
The non-aqueous electrolyte of claim 9 wherein the macroheterocyclic compound is selected from the group consisting of crown ethers; cryptands; crown, lantern and clam macrocyclic hetero imine compounds; and, aroylcrown-ethers.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
32 words
The non-aqueous electrolyte of claim 20 wherein the crown ether is selected from the group consisting of 12 crown 4 ether, benzo 14 crown 4 ether and dicyclohexyl 18 crown 6 ether.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
23 words
The non-aqueous electrolyte of claim 20 wherein the cryptand is selected from the group consisting of cryptand 211, cryptand 221 and cryptand 222.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
16 words
The non-aqueous electrolyte of claim 19 wherein the aprotic solvent is a polar aprotic organic solvent.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
38 words
The non-aqueous electrolyte of claim 23 wherein the polar aprotic organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of tertiary amines; amides and substituted amides; open chain and cyclic esters; oxysulfur compounds; and, open chain and cyclic ethers.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
16 words
The non-aqueous electrolyte of claim 19 wherein the aprotic solvent is a non-polar aprotic organic solvent.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
27 words
The non-aqueous electrolyte of claim 25 wherein the non-polar aprotic organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of normal and branched paraffins; cycloparaffins; and, aromatic hydrocarbons.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
44 words
The non-aqueous electrolyte of claim 19 wherein the electrically conductive salt contains a light metal cation and an anion selected from the group consisting of the halides, halates, perhalates, haloaluminates, haloarsenates, halophosphates, haloacetates, phosphates, thiocyanates, sulfides, sulfates, cyanides, picrates, acetylacetonates, fluoborates, hydrides and borohydrides.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
37 words
The non-aqueous electrolyte of claim 19 wherein the electrically conductive salt contains lithium cation and an anion selected from the group consisting of azide, halide, halate, perhalates, cyanide, sulfide, sulfate hydrosulfite, iodate, nitrate, hypochlorite, nitrate and thiocyanate.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
27 words
The non-aqueous electrolyte of claim 19 wherein the electrically conductive salt is present in a concentration in excess of about 0.1 molar with respect to the solvent.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
27 words
The non-aqueous electrolyte of claim 29 wherein the electrically conductive salt is present in a concentration of from about 0.6 to saturation with respect to the solvent.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
22 words
The non-aqueous electrolyte of claim 19 wherein the ratio of macroheterocyclic compound to the electrically conductive salt is greater than about 1:1.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
22 words
The non-aqueous electrolyte of claim 31 wherein the ratio of macroheterocyclic compound to the electrically conductive salt is greater than about 2:1.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
29 words
The non-aqueous electrolyte of claim 19 wherein the electrolyte has a specific conductivity of from about 10 -4 (ohm cm.) -1 to about 10 -1 (ohm cm.) -1 .
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
17 words
The non-aqueous electrolyte of claim 19 wherein the electrolyte is incorporated in a primary or secondary battery.
Claim 37
Independent Claim
44 words
A method for improving the stability of polar aprotic organic solvents employed in non-aqueous electrolyes of light metal anode electrochemical cells which comprises dissolving in an aprotic organic solvent at least one macroheterocyclic compound complexed with the cation moiety of an electrically conductive salt.
Claim 38
Independent Claim
44 words
A method for improving the stability of polar aprotic organic solvents employed in non-aqueous electrolyes of light metal anode electrochemical cells which comprises dissolving in an aprotic organic solvent at least one macroheterocyclic compound complexed with the cation moiety of an electrically conductive salt.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3997362A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1982-01-01 | 1982-07-03 | 1983-01-02 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1986-01-01 | 1986-07-03 | 1987-01-02 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1990-01-01 | 1990-07-03 | 1991-01-02 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |