Patent US4110189A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4110189A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Electro-osmotic/phoretic process for concentrating clay
Assignee: JM Huber Corp
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Filing: 1976-06-16
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Granted: 1978-08-29
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Expires: 1996-06-16
Abstract
Abstract A process for the electrokinetic separation of finely divided clay particles from an aqueous suspension thereof, the suspension being contained in an electrokinetic cell equipped with an anode and cathode separated by a semi-permeable membrane impermeable to clay particles. Upon activation of the cell with direct current, clay particles are caused to deposit electrophoretically on the anode. Simultaneously with the deposition of the clay deposit, portions of the water contained in the suspension and entrained in the deposit are caused to migrate electroosmotically through the membrane and collected at a cathode compartment, thereby increasing clay solids content.
Inventors
- 👤 Albert C. Kunkle
- 👤 William F. Abercrombie, Jr.
- 👤 Charles J. Akins, Jr.
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 15:09
CPC Classifications
B; B01; B01D; B01D61/00; B01D61/42; B01D61/56; B01D57/00; B01D57/02
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 20
Claim 1
Independent Claim
93 words
A method of processing crude clay to obtain a refined clay filter cake of about 70% solids without spray drying comprising the sequential steps of blunging and dispersing crude clay forming a slurry, degritting, classifying and leaching the crude clay slurry flocculating said slurry and removing undesirable foreign materials to form a refined slurry, filtering the refined slurry, and simultaneously electro-phoretically separating suspended solid clay particles from the slurry and electroosmotically separating aqueous medium from the slurry to obtain a refined clay cake having a solids content in excess of about 70% solids.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
93 words
A method of processing crude clay to obtain a refined clay filter cake of about 70% solids without spray drying comprising the sequential steps of blunging and dispersing crude clay forming a slurry, degritting, classifying and leaching the crude clay slurry flocculating said slurry and removing undesirable foreign materials to form a refined slurry, filtering the refined slurry, and simultaneously electro-phoretically separating suspended solid clay particles from the slurry and electroosmotically separating aqueous medium from the slurry to obtain a refined clay cake having a solids content in excess of about 70% solids.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
177 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the step of simultaneously electrophoretically separating suspended clay solids from the slurry and electroosmotically separating liquid from the slurry comprises introducing a suspension of the solid particles into an electrokinetic cell provided with an anode and a cathode, and a semi-permeable membrane impermeable to clay particles separating the anode and cathode, the anode and membrane forming an anodic compartment in the cell, the cathode and membrane forming a cathodic compartment in the cell; directing the particle suspension into the anode compartment; circulating an electrolyte solution having a pH range from 2 to 7 through the cathode compartment; applying a direct current field between the anode and cathode to cause the solid particles to be electrophoretically deposited from the suspension onto the anode concomitantly with the aqueous portion of the suspension being caused to migrate electroosmotically through the semipermeable membrane and into the cathode compartment; and removing the solid particles from the anode and the water from the cathode compartment to increase the percent solids to be fed to the spray dryer.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 2 wherein the electrolyte is 0.1% H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 2 wherein a current density of about 0.05 to about 0.35 ampere per square inch of effective electrode area is delivered to the cell.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 2 wherein the spacing between the anode and membrane is in the order of about 1 inch to about 11/2 inches.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 2 wherein the spacing between the cathode and membrane is about 1/16 inch to about 1/2 inch.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 2 wherein the membrane is a porous fabric having a porosity of 0.5 to 4.0 cubic feet per minute.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 2 wherein the aqueous suspension contains greater than 20% clay solids.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 8 wherein the suspension contains 40%-60% clay solids.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 2 wherein the electrolyte solution is an acid solution ranging from about 0.1% to 1%.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
101 words
The method of producing high density clay pellets from crude clay without spray drying comprising the sequential steps of blunging and dispersing crude clay forming a slurry, degritting, classifying and leaching the crude clay slurry flocculating said slurry and removing undesirable foreign materials to form a refined slurry, filtering the refined slurry, simultaneously electrophoretically separating suspended solid clay particles from the slurry and electroosmotically separating aqueous medium from the slurry to obtain a high bulk density refined clay cake having a solids content in excess of about 70% solids, and tumbling said refined clay cake to form high density clay pellets.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
101 words
The method of producing high density clay pellets from crude clay without spray drying comprising the sequential steps of blunging and dispersing crude clay forming a slurry, degritting, classifying and leaching the crude clay slurry flocculating said slurry and removing undesirable foreign materials to form a refined slurry, filtering the refined slurry, simultaneously electrophoretically separating suspended solid clay particles from the slurry and electroosmotically separating aqueous medium from the slurry to obtain a high bulk density refined clay cake having a solids content in excess of about 70% solids, and tumbling said refined clay cake to form high density clay pellets.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
183 words
The method of claim 11 wherein the step of simultaneously electrophoretically separating suspended clay solids from the slurry and electroosmotically separating liquid from the slurry comprises introducing a suspension of the solid particles into an electrokinetic cell provided with an anode and a cathode, and a semi-permeable membrane impermeable to clay particles separating the anode and cathode, the anode and membrane forming an anodic compartment in the cell, the cathode and membrane forming a cathodic compartment in the cell; directing the particle suspension into the anode compartment, circulating an electrolyte solution having a pH range from 2 to 7 through the cathode compartment; applying a direct current field between the anode and cathode to cause the solid particles to be electrophoretically deposited from the suspension into the anode concomitantly with the aqueous portion of the suspension being caused to migrate electroosmotically through the semipermeable membrane and into the cathode compartment; and removing the solid particles from the anode and the water from the cathode compartment wherein said method of electrokinetically separating is applied to a dispersed filter cake slurry of approximately 60% solids.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 12 wherein the electrolyte is 0.1% H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 12 wherein the electrolyte solution is an acid solution ranging from about 0.1% to 1%.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 12 wherein a current density of about 0.05 to about 0.35 ampere per square inch of effective electrode area is delivered to the cell.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 12 wherein the spacing between the anode and membrane is in the order of about 1 inch to about 11/2 inches.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 12 wherein the spacing between the cathode and membrane is about 1/16 inch to about 1/2 inch.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 12 wherein the membrane is a porous fabric having a porosity of 0.5 to 4.0 cubic feet per minute.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1981-08-28 | 1982-02-27 | 1982-08-29 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-08-28 | 1986-02-27 | 1986-08-29 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-08-28 | 1990-02-27 | 1990-08-29 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |