Patent US4097404A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4097404A
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Process for providing encapsulated toner composition
Assignee: Xerox Corp
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Filing: 1973-01-29
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Granted: 1978-06-27
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Expires: 1993-01-29
Abstract
Abstract A simplified method of encapsulating toners is provided which comprises polymerization and coacervation resulting in a copolymer encapsulated in an incompatible shell polymer. Toner particles are prepared by mixing a solute polymer in a solvent monomer after which polymerization of the solvent monomer is initiated, resulting in a polymer from the solvent monomer which phase-separates from the solvent monomer to form a solvent-poor phase which eventually comprises the capsule core. The solvent-rich phase then provides the material for the capsule wall.
Inventors
- 👤 Robert Warren Brown
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 22:06
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G9/00; G03G9/08; G03G9/093; G03G9/0935; G03G9/09357; G03G9/09371; B; B01; B01J; B01J13/00; B01J13/02; B01J13/06; B01J13/14; B01J13/18; B01J13/185; G03G9/09307; G03G9/09314; G03G9/09321; G03G9/09364; G03G9/09392; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/29; Y10T428/2982; Y10T428/2984; Y10T428/2985; Y10T428/2987; Y10T428/2989
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 9
Claim 1
Independent Claim
115 words
A method of providing encapsulated toner materials comprising dissolving a polymer in a monomer other than the monomer of said polymer which polymer is incompatible with the polymer of the monomer employed to form a solution said polymer being referred to as polymer A; dispensing said solution in a continuous phase; polymerizing the monomer so that polymer A forms a solvent-rich phase which forms the wall of the encapsulated toner material and the resulting polymer being referred to as polymer B forms a solvent-poor phase which becomes the core of the encapsulated toner material, said polymer A, the monomer and polymer B having a very limited solubility in the continuous liquid phase employed for polymerization.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
115 words
A method of providing encapsulated toner materials comprising dissolving a polymer in a monomer other than the monomer of said polymer which polymer is incompatible with the polymer of the monomer employed to form a solution said polymer being referred to as polymer A; dispensing said solution in a continuous phase; polymerizing the monomer so that polymer A forms a solvent-rich phase which forms the wall of the encapsulated toner material and the resulting polymer being referred to as polymer B forms a solvent-poor phase which becomes the core of the encapsulated toner material, said polymer A, the monomer and polymer B having a very limited solubility in the continuous liquid phase employed for polymerization.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
55 words
The process as defined in claim 1 wherein said polymer A is selected from the group consisting of olefin polymers, halo-olefin polymers, aliphatic vinyl and vinylidene polymers, aromatic vinyl polymers, heterocyclic vinyl polymers, acrylic and methacrylic polymers, polyethers, polysulfides and polysulfones, aliphatic and aromatic polyamides, polyureas, polyurethans, natural and modified natural polymers, and combinations thereof.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
43 words
The process as defined in claim 1 wherein said monomer is selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid and esters thereof, methacrylic acid and esters thereof, acrylonitrile, vinyl and vinylidene halides, vinyl esters, vinyl ethers, styrene and substituted styrenes, and combinations thereof.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process as defined in claim 1 wherein a polymerization initiator is employed.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process as defined in claim 4 wherein said initiator is selected from the group consisting of organic peroxides, organic hydroperoxides, N-nitrosoacylanilides, triphenylmethylazobenzene, and aliphatic azobisnitriles.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process as defined in claim 1 wherein the continuous phase is organic.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process as defined in claim 1 wherein the continuous phase is aqueous.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process as defined in claim 1 wherein a colorant is dispersed in the monomer.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1981-06-26 | 1981-12-26 | 1982-06-27 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-06-26 | 1985-12-26 | 1986-06-27 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-06-26 | 1989-12-26 | 1990-06-27 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |