Patent US4092583A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4092583A
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Apparatus and method for determination of subsurface porosity utilizing microwave electromagnetic energy
Assignee: Schlumberger Technology Corp
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Filing: 1977-03-03
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Granted: 1978-05-30
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Expires: 1997-03-03
Abstract
Abstract The disclosure is directed to an apparatus and method for determining the water-filled porosity of formations surrounding a borehole. Means are provided for deriving a first quantity which is a measure of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over a predetermined distance in the formations, this first quantity being designated as t p1 . Means are also provided for deriving a second quantity which is a measure of the attenuation of the microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over the predetermined distance in the formations, the second quantity being the attenuation constant, α, in the preferred embodiment. Further means, responsive to the second quantity, are provided for generating a third quantity, designated t pwl , which is representative of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over the predetermined distance in water having a lossiness determined from the second quantity. Finally, means responsive to the first and third quantities are provided for generating a porosity-indicative quantity, designated φ w , as a function of the first and third quantities. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, means are provided for deriving a fourth quantity, designated t pm , representative of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over the predetermined distance in the formation matrix. In this embodiment, the means for generating a porosity-indicative quantity is also responsive to the fourth quantity for generating the porosity-indicative quantity as a function of the first, third, and fourth quantities.
Inventors
- 👤 George R. Coates
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 19:39
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01V; G01V3/00; G01V3/18; G01V3/30; Y; Y02; Y02A; Y02A90/00; Y02A90/30
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 33
Claim 1
Independent Claim
131 words
Apparatus for determining the water-filled porosity of formations surrounding a borehole, said formations including fluid in a matrix, comprising: means for deriving a first quantity which is a measure of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over a predetermined distance in the formations; means for deriving a second quantity which is a measure of the attenuation of said microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in the formations; means responsive to said second quantity for generating a third quantity which is representative of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in water having a lossiness determined from said second quantity; and means responsive to said first and third quantities for generating a porosity-indicative quantity as the function of said first and third quantities.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
131 words
Apparatus for determining the water-filled porosity of formations surrounding a borehole, said formations including fluid in a matrix, comprising: means for deriving a first quantity which is a measure of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over a predetermined distance in the formations; means for deriving a second quantity which is a measure of the attenuation of said microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in the formations; means responsive to said second quantity for generating a third quantity which is representative of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in water having a lossiness determined from said second quantity; and means responsive to said first and third quantities for generating a porosity-indicative quantity as the function of said first and third quantities.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
61 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 1 further comprising means for deriving a fourth quantity representative of the travel time of microwave energy propagating over said predetermined distance in said matrix, and wherein said means for generating a porosity-indicative quantity is also responsive to said fourth quantity for generating said porosity-indicative quantity as a function of said first, third and fourth quantities.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
39 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 2 wherein said means for generating a porosity-indicative quantity generates said porosity-indicative quantity as a ratio of the difference between said first and fourth quantities and the difference between said third and fourth quantities.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
43 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 1 wherein said means for generating said third quantity is also responsive to a fifth quantity, said fifth quantity being representative of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in substantially lossless water.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
46 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 4 wherein said means for generating said third quantity is operative to generate said third quantity as a function of the square root of a quantity which is the square of said fifth quantity plus the square of said second quantity.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
43 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 2 wherein said means for generating said third quantity is also responsive to a fifth quantity, said fifth quantity being representative of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in substantially lossless water.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
46 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 6 wherein said means for generating said third quantity is operative to generate said third quantity as a function of the square root of a quantity which is the square of said fifth quantity plus the square of said second quantity.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
43 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 3 wherein said means for generating said third quantity is also responsive to a fifth quantity, said fifth quantity being representative of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in substantially lossless water.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
46 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 8 wherein said means for generating said third quantity is operative to generate said third quantity as a function of the square root of a quantity which is the square of said fifth quantity plus the square of said second quantity.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
140 words
Apparatus for determining the water-filled porosity of formations surrounding a borehole, said formations including fluid in a matrix, comprising: means for injecting microwave electromagnetic energy into said formations; means for generating a first signal which is a measure of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over a predetermined distance in the formations; means for generating a second signal which is a measure of the attenuation of said microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in the formations; means responsive to said second signal for generating a third signal which is representative of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in water having a lossiness determined from said second signal; and means responsive to said first and third signals for generating a porosity-indicative signal as the function of said first and third signals.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
140 words
Apparatus for determining the water-filled porosity of formations surrounding a borehole, said formations including fluid in a matrix, comprising: means for injecting microwave electromagnetic energy into said formations; means for generating a first signal which is a measure of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over a predetermined distance in the formations; means for generating a second signal which is a measure of the attenuation of said microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in the formations; means responsive to said second signal for generating a third signal which is representative of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in water having a lossiness determined from said second signal; and means responsive to said first and third signals for generating a porosity-indicative signal as the function of said first and third signals.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
62 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 10 further comprising means for deriving a fourth signal representative of the travel time of microwave energy propagating over a said predetermined distance in said matrix, and wherein said means for generating a porosity-indicative signal is also responsive to said fourth signal for generating said porosity-indicative signal as a function of said first, third and fourth signals.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
39 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 11 wherein said means for generating a porosity-indicative signal generates said porosity-indicative signal as a ratio of the difference between said first and fourth signals and the difference between said third and fourth signals.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
43 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 10 wherein said means for generating said third signal is also responsive to a fifth signal, said fifth signal being representative of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in substantially lossless water.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
46 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 13 wherein said means for generating said third signal is operative to generate said third signal as a function of the square root of a quantity which is the square of said fifth signal plus the square of said second signal.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
43 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 11 wherein said means for generating said third signal is also responsive to a fifth signal, said fifth signal being representative of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in substantially lossless water.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
46 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 15 wherein said means for generating said third signal is operative to generate said third signal as a function of the square root of a quantity which is the square of said fifth signal plus the square of said second signal.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
43 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 12 wherein said means for generating said third signal is also responsive to a fifth signal, said fifth signal being representative of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in substantially lossless water.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
46 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 17 wherein said means for generating said third signal is operative to generate said third signal as a function of the square root of a quantity which is the square of said fifth signal plus the square of said second signal.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
115 words
A method for determining the water-filled porosity of formations surrounding a borehole, said formations including fluid in a matrix, comprising the steps of: deriving a first quantity which is a measure of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over a predetermined distance in the formations; deriving a second quantity which is a measure of the attenuation of said microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in the formations; generating a third quantity which is representative of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in water having a lossiness determined from said second quantity; and generating a porosity-indicative quantity as the function of said first and third quantities.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
115 words
A method for determining the water-filled porosity of formations surrounding a borehole, said formations including fluid in a matrix, comprising the steps of: deriving a first quantity which is a measure of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over a predetermined distance in the formations; deriving a second quantity which is a measure of the attenuation of said microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in the formations; generating a third quantity which is representative of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in water having a lossiness determined from said second quantity; and generating a porosity-indicative quantity as the function of said first and third quantities.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
56 words
The method as defined in claim 19 further comprising the step of deriving a fourth quantity representative of the travel time of microwave energy propagating over said predetermined distance in said matrix, and wherein said step of generating a porosity-indicative quantity comprises generating said porosity-indicative quantity as a function of said first, third and fourth quantities.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
41 words
The method as defined by claim 20 wherein the step of generating a porosity-indicative quantity comprises generating said porosity-indicative quantity as a ratio of the difference between said first and fourth quantities and the difference between said third and fourth quantities.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
41 words
The method as defined by claim 19 wherein said third quantity is also a function of a fifth quantity, said fifth quantity being representative of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in substantially lossless water.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method as defined by claim 22 wherein said third quantity is generated as a function of the square root of a quantity which is the square of said fifth quantity plus the square of said second quantity.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
41 words
The method as defined by claim 20 wherein said third quantity is also a function of a fifth quantity, said fifth quantity being representative of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in substantially lossless water.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method as defined by claim 24 wherein said third quantity is generated as a function of the square root of a quantity which is the square of said fifth quantity plus the square of said second quantity.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
41 words
The method as defined by claim 21 wherein said third quantity is also a function of a fifth quantity, said fifth quantity being representative of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in substantially lossless water.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method as defined by claim 26 wherein said third quantity is generated as a function of the square root of a quantity which is the square of said fifth quantity plus the square of said second quantity.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
119 words
Apparatus for determining the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over a predetermined distance in water having a lossiness derived from measurements taken in formations surrounding a borehole, comprising: means for deriving a quantity representative of the travel time of said microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in substantially lossless water; means for deriving a quantity which is a measure of the attenuation of said microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in the formations; and means responsive to said lossless travel-time-representative quantity and said attenuation-representative quantity for generating a quantity representative of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in water having a lossiness derived from said attenuation-representative quantity.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
119 words
Apparatus for determining the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over a predetermined distance in water having a lossiness derived from measurements taken in formations surrounding a borehole, comprising: means for deriving a quantity representative of the travel time of said microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in substantially lossless water; means for deriving a quantity which is a measure of the attenuation of said microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in the formations; and means responsive to said lossless travel-time-representative quantity and said attenuation-representative quantity for generating a quantity representative of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in water having a lossiness derived from said attenuation-representative quantity.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
103 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 28 wherein said means for generating a quantity representative of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in water having a lossiness derived from said attenuation-representative quantity, and designated t pwl , is operative to generate said quantity in accordance with the relationship t.sub.pwl = √t.sub.pwo.sup.2 + Kα.sup.2 where t pwo is the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over said predetermined distance in substantially lossless water, α is a measure of the attenuation of the microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over the predetermined distance in the formations, and K is a constant.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3849721A
Cited
US3944910A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
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| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-05-29 | 1985-11-28 | 1986-05-30 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-05-29 | 1989-11-28 | 1990-05-30 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |