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US4075126A
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Catalyst for alkylating aromatic hydrocarbons
Assignee: Baroid Technology Inc
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Filing: 1976-11-05
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Granted: 1978-02-21
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Expires: 1996-11-05
Abstract
Abstract Alkylatable aromatic hydrocarbons are alkylated with olefins and alkylhalides under anhydrous alkylating conditions in the presence of a metallic cation exchanged trioctahedral 2:1 layer-lattice smectite-type catalyst in which the metallic cation has a Pauling electronegativity greater than 1.0. In a specific embodiment, there is provided a catalyst comprising a trioctahedral smectite-type clay having the structural formula:
Inventors
- 👤 George E. Stridde
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-01 09:22
CPC Classifications
B; B01; B01J; B01J21/00; B01J21/16; B01J29/00; B01J29/04; B01J29/049; B01J2229/00; B01J2229/30; B01J2229/42; C; C07; C07C; C07C2521/00; C07C2521/16
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 31
Claim 1
Independent Claim
157 words
A catalyst comprising a synthetic trioctahedral 2:1 layer-lattice smectite-type clay mineral containing a metallic cation having a Pauling electronegativity greater than 1.0 in cation exchange positions on the surface of said mineral, said mineral having the structural formula: [(aM.sup.+1 +bM.sup.+2 +cM.sup.+3).sup.VI (dD.sup.+3 +eD.sup.+4 +fD.sup.+5).sup.IV O.sub.20 (OH).sub.4-y F.sub.y ](x/z) R.sup.z where 11≦a+2 b+3c≦12.3 31≦3d+4e+5f≦32 43≦a+2b+3c+3d+4e+5f≦43.67 x = 44-(a+2b+3c+3d+4e+5f) 0≦y≦4 0≦a≦1 5≦b≦6 0≦c≦0.3 0≦d≦1 7≦e≦8 0≦f≦0.4 provided that when a=0, then either: (1) f>0; or (2) c>0 and M +3 and D +3 are not Al + 3 when M + 2 is 100 mole percent Mg +2 , and where the cations M are in the octahedral layer and have an ionic radius not greater than 0.75 A, the cations D are in the two outer tetrahedral layers and have an ionic radius not greater than 0.64 A, and R is at least one of said metallic cations having a Pauling electronegativity greater than 1.0 of valence z.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
157 words
A catalyst comprising a synthetic trioctahedral 2:1 layer-lattice smectite-type clay mineral containing a metallic cation having a Pauling electronegativity greater than 1.0 in cation exchange positions on the surface of said mineral, said mineral having the structural formula: [(aM.sup.+1 +bM.sup.+2 +cM.sup.+3).sup.VI (dD.sup.+3 +eD.sup.+4 +fD.sup.+5).sup.IV O.sub.20 (OH).sub.4-y F.sub.y ](x/z) R.sup.z where 11≦a+2 b+3c≦12.3 31≦3d+4e+5f≦32 43≦a+2b+3c+3d+4e+5f≦43.67 x = 44-(a+2b+3c+3d+4e+5f) 0≦y≦4 0≦a≦1 5≦b≦6 0≦c≦0.3 0≦d≦1 7≦e≦8 0≦f≦0.4 provided that when a=0, then either: (1) f>0; or (2) c>0 and M +3 and D +3 are not Al + 3 when M + 2 is 100 mole percent Mg +2 , and where the cations M are in the octahedral layer and have an ionic radius not greater than 0.75 A, the cations D are in the two outer tetrahedral layers and have an ionic radius not greater than 0.64 A, and R is at least one of said metallic cations having a Pauling electronegativity greater than 1.0 of valence z.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
9 words
The catalyst of claim 1 wherein 0<a≦1 and 0<d≦1.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
9 words
The catalyst of claim 1 wherein 0<a≦1 and 0<f≦0.4.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
9 words
The catalyst of claim 1 wherein 0<a≦1 and 0<c≦0.3.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
9 words
The catalyst of claim 1 wherein a=0 and 0<f≦0.4.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
69 words
The catalyst of claim 1 wherein said R is selected from the group consisting of Al 3+ , Cr 3+ , Ga 3+ , In 3+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 3+ , Co 3+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Ag + , Be 2+ , Mg 2+ , La 3+ , Ce 3+ , Pd 2+ , Pt 2+ , and mixtures thereof.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
9 words
The catalyst of claim 6 wherein 0≦a≦1 and 0≦d≦1.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
9 words
The catalyst of claim 6 wherein 0<a≦1 and 0<f≦0.4.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
9 words
The catalyst of claim 6 wherein 0<a≦1 and 0<c≦0.3.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
9 words
The catalyst of claim 6 wherein a=0 and 0<f≦0.4.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
29 words
The catalyst of claim 1 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of In +3 , Pd +2 , Pt +2 , the rare earths, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
9 words
The catalyst of claim 11 wherein 0<a≦1 and 0<d≦1.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
9 words
The catalyst of claim 11 wherein 0<a≦1 and 0<f≦0.4.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
9 words
The catalyst of claim 11 wherein 0<a≦1 and 0<c≦0.3.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
9 words
The catalyst of claim 11 wherein a=0 and 0<f≦0.4.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
77 words
The catalyst of claim 1 wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Li + , Mg 2+ , Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ , Mn 2+ , Al 3+ , Cr +3 , and mixtures thereof, and D is selected from the group consisting of Al 3+ , Cr 3+ , Fe 3+ , Si +4 , Ge +4 , P +5 , V +5 , and mixtures thereof.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
9 words
The catalyst of claim 16 wherein 0<a≦1 and 0<d≦1.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
9 words
The catalyst of claim 16 wherein 0<a=1 and 0<f≦0.4.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
9 words
The catalyst of claim 16 wherein 0<a≦1 and 0<c≦0.3.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
9 words
The catalyst of claim 16 wherein a=0 and 0<f≦0.4.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
135 words
The catalyst of claim 1 wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Li + , Mg +2 , Ni +2 , Co +2 , Zn +2 , Cu +2 , Mn +2 , Al +3 , Cr +3 , and mixtures thereof, D is selected from the group consisting of Al +3 , Cr +3 , Fe +3 , Si +4 , Ge +4 , P +5 , V +5 , and mixtures thereof, and R is selected from the group consisting of Al +3 , Cr +3 , Ga +3 , In +3 , Mn +2 , Fe +3 , Co +3 , Co +2 , Ni +2 , Cu +2 , Ag+, Be +2 , Mg +2 , La+3, Ce +3 , Pd +2 , Pt +2 , and mixtures thereof.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
9 words
The catalyst of claim 21 wherein 0<a≦1 and 0<d≦1.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
9 words
The catalyst of claim 21 wherein 0<a≦1 and 0<f≦0.4.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
9 words
The catalyst of claim 21 wherein 0<a≦1 and 0<c≦0.3.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
9 words
The catalyst of claim 21 wherein a=0 and 0<f≦0.4.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
100 words
The catalyst of claim 1 wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Li + , Mg +2 , Ni +2 , Co +2 , Zn +2 , Cu +2 , Mn +2 , Al +3 , Cr +3 , and mixtures thereof, D is selected from the group consisting of Al +3 , Cr +3 , Fe +3 , Si +4 , Ge +4 , P +5 , V +5 , and mixtures thereof, and R is selected from the group consisting of In +3 , Pd +2 , Pt +2 , the rare earths, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
9 words
The catalyst of claim 26 wherein 0<a≦1 and 0<d≦1.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
9 words
The catalyst of claim 26 wherein 0<a≦1 and 0<f≦0.4.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
9 words
The catalyst of claim 26 wherein 0<a≦1 and 0<c≦0.3.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
9 words
The catalyst of claim 26 wherein a=0 and 0<f≦0.4.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1981-02-20 | 1981-08-22 | 1982-02-21 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-02-20 | 1985-08-22 | 1986-02-21 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-02-20 | 1989-08-22 | 1990-02-21 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |