Nonlinear surface acoustic wave PSK encoder/correlator

Claim 2

A nonlinear surface acoustic wave, phase shift key (PSK) encoder/correlator apparatus, for providing encoding and correlation of a pair of electrical signals of different determined frequency provided by a signal source, comprising: a nondispersive surface acoustic wave delay line including, a piezoelectric substrate having a major surface, a pair of signal launching transducers disposed on said major surface, each responsive to the pair of electrical signals, and each providing surface acoustic waves in said substrate at a frequency in dependence on a respective one of said electrical signals, said delay line further including a plurality of transducer taps disposed in an interaction region of said major surface, each providing a plurality of sensed electrical signals in response to surface acoustic waves impinging thereon in said interaction region, said sensed signals including electrical signals at the frequency of each of said acoustic waves; a plurality of nonlinear frequency mixer means, each responsive to said sensed electrical signals from a corresponding one of said transducer taps, and each having a nonlinear signal transfer characteristic in each of two quadrants displaced by one hundred eighty degrees, each of said mixer means providing, in either of said quadrants, alternatively, signal manifestations of the sum and difference frequency of the surface acoustic waves impinging on the tap; and summing means, responsive to the signal manifestations from each of said nonlinear frequency mixer means, for providing a summation thereof.

Claim 3

The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a programmable voltage source for providing a plurality of bias signals to said nonlinear frequency mixers, one for each of said nonlinear frequency mixers, each bias signal being provided in a selected one of a first polarity, or a second polarity opposite to said first polarity, alternatively; and wherein each of said nonlinear frequency mixers is selectably operable in either one of said two quadrants in dependence on the polarity of said bias signal applied thereto.

Claim 4

The apparatus of claim 2, wherein: said programmable voltage source provides each nonlinear frequency mixer with said bias signal through a pair of signal lines; and wherein each of said nonlinear frequency mixers includes a pair of semiconductor diodes connected between said pair of signal lines in an opposite sense, parallel arrangement wherein the cathode of a first diode is electrically common with the anode of a second diode, to provide said nonlinear signal transfer characteristic in each of said two quadrants which are displaced by 180°.

Claim 5

The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising: a plurality of impedance isolation networks, each interconnected between a corresponding one of said plurality of nonlinear frequency mixer means and said summing means and each responsive to the signal manifestation from the corresponding nonlinear frequency mixer means, to provide impedance level matching between said mixer means and said summing means.

Claim 6

The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising: frequency bandpass filter means, connected for response to said summing means, for providing frequency bandpass filtering of the summation of those of said signal manifestations representative of the difference frequency of the surface acoustic waves impinging on said transducer taps.

Claim 7

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: said pair of launching transducers are adjacently disposed on a common end portion of said major surface; and wherein said plurality of transducer taps are disposed within said interaction region in a tilted tap array configuration wherein each of said transducer taps are equally displaced from adjacent ones of said taps in each of two orthogonal dimensions, each of said transducer taps including a pair of opposite phase electrodes relatively disposed in an interdigital configuration, each of said opposite phase electrodes having a split finger construction, a common one of said opposite phase electrodes of each of said transducer taps being connected to a common electrical signal conductor, the other one of said opposite phase electrodes of each of said transducer taps being connected to a corresponding one of said nonlinear frequency mixer means.

Claim 8

An improved nonlinear surface acoustic wave, phase shift key (PSK) encoder/correlator apparatus of the type which provides encoding and correlation of a pair of electrical signals of different determined frequency provided by a signal source, and which includes, a nondispersive surface acoustic wave delay line including, a piezoelectric substrate having a major surface, a pair of signal launching transducers disposed on the major surface, each responsive to the electrical signals from the signal source and each providing surface acoustic waves in the substrate at a frequency in dependence on a respective one of the electrical signals, the delay line further including a plurality of transducer taps disposed in an interaction region of the major surface, each providing a plurality of sensed electrical signals in response to surface acoustic waves impinging thereon in the interaction region, the sensed signals including electrical signals at the frequency of each of said acoustic waves, a plurality of nonlinear frequency mixer means, each responsive to the second electrical signals from a corresponding one of the transducer taps for providing signal manifestations of the sum and difference frequency of the surface acoustic waves impinging on the tap, and summing means, responsive to the signal manifestations from each of said nonlinear frequency mixer means, for providing a summation thereof, wherein the improvement comprises: said plurality of nonlinear mixer means each including a nonlinear transfer characteristic in each of two quadrants displaced by one hundred eighty degrees, each of said plurality of nonlinear mixer means providing the signal manifestations of the sum and difference frequency in either of said quadrants, alternatively.

Claim 9

An improved nonlinear surface acoustic wave, phase shift key (PSK) encoder/correlator apparatus of the type which provides encoding and correlation of a pair of electrical signals of different determined frequency provided by a signal source, and which includes, a nondispersive surface acoustic wave delay line including, a piezoelectric substrate having a major surface, a pair of signal launching transducers disposed on the major surface, each responsive to the electrical signals from the signal source and each providing surface acoustic waves in the substrate at a frequency in dependence on a respective one of the electrical signals, the delay line further including a plurality of transducer taps disposed in an interaction region of the major surface, each providing a plurality of sensed electrical signals in response to surface acoustic waves impinging thereon in the interaction region, the sensed signals including electrical signals at the frequency of each of said acoustic waves, a plurality of nonlinear frequency mixer means, each responsive to the second electrical signals from a corresponding one of the transducer taps for providing signal manifestations of the sum and difference frequency of the surface acoustic waves impinging on the tap, and summing means, responsive to the signal manifestations from each of said nonlinear frequency mixer means, for providing a summation thereof, wherein the improvement comprises: said plurality of nonlinear mixer means each including a nonlinear transfer characteristic in each of two quadrants displaced by one hundred eighty degrees, each of said plurality of nonlinear mixer means providing the signal manifestations of the sum and difference frequency in either of said quadrants, alternatively.

Claim 10

The improved apparatus of claim 7, further comprising: a programmable voltage source for providing a plurality of bias signals to said nonlinear frequency mixers, one for each of said nonlinear frequency mixers, each bias signal being provided in a selected one of a first polarity, or a second polarity opposite to said first polarity, alternatively; and wherein each of said nonlinear frequency mixers is selectably operable in either one of said two quadrants in dependence on the polarity of said bias signal applied thereto.

Claim 11

The improved apparatus of claim 8, wherein: said programmable voltage source provides each nonlinear frequency mixer with said bias signal through a pair of signal lines; and wherein each of said nonlinear frequency mixers includes a pair of semiconductor diodes connected between said pair of signal lines in an opposite sense, parallel arrangement wherein the cathode of a first diode is electrically common with the anode of a second diode, to provide said nonlinear signal transfer characteristic in each of said two quadrants which are displaced by 180°.