Method of producing a valve metal electrode with valve metal oxide semi-conductor face and methods of manufacture and use

Claim 1

The method of producing an electrode on a chlorine-resistant metal base from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum, which comprises applying a coating mixture in liquid form to said base which on heating forms a mixture of an oxide of a platinum group metal, oxides from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum and at least one doping oxide from the group consisting of silver, tin, chromium, lanthanum, cobalt, antimony, molybdenum, nickel, iron, tungsten, vanadium, phosphorus, boron, beryllium, sodium, calcium, strontium, lead, copper and bismuth, and mixtures thereof, the percentage of doping oxide in said coating mixture being between 0.10 and 50% of the material from the group consisting of oxides of titanium and tantalum and the ratio of platinum group metals to the non-precious metals in said coating being between 20:100 and 85:100, all said percentages being based upon the metals in said oxides; applying said coating mixture and heating the coating on the chlorine-resistant metal base until oxides of the metals in said coating mixture have been produced.

Claim 2

The method of producing an electrode on a chlorine-resistant metal base from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum, which comprises applying a coating mixture in liquid form to said base which on heating forms a mixture of an oxide of a platinum group metal, oxides from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum and at least one doping oxide from the group consisting of silver, tin, chromium, lanthanum, cobalt, antimony, molybdenum, nickel, iron, tungsten, vanadium, phosphorus, boron, beryllium, sodium, calcium, strontium, lead, copper and bismuth, and mixtures thereof, the percentage of doping oxide in said coating mixture being between 0.10 and 50% of the material from the group consisting of oxides of titanium and tantalum and the ratio of platinum group metals to the non-precious metals in said coating being between 20:100 and 85:100, all said percentages being based upon the metals in said oxides; applying said coating mixture and heating the coating on the chlorine-resistant metal base until oxides of the metals in said coating mixture have been produced.

Claim 7

The method of producing an electrode on a chlorine-resistant metal base from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum having a semi-conductor coating thereon, which comprises applying a coating mixture in liquid form to said base, which coating mixture on heating forms (a) a platinum group metal oxide, (b) a metal oxide from the group consisting of titanium or tantalum and (c) a doping oxide from the group consisting of silver, tin, chromium, lanthanum, aluminum, cobalt, antimony, molybdenum, nickel, iron, tungsten, vanadium, phosphorus, boron, beryllium, sodium, calcium, strontium, lead, copper and bismuth, and mixtures thereof, the percentage of doping oxide in said coating being between 0.10 and 50% of the metal oxide from the group consisting of titanium oxide and tantalum oxide and the ratio of platinum group metals to the non-precious metals in said coatings being between 20:100 and 85:100, all said percentages being based upon the metal in said oxides; applying said coating mixture on said base and heating the coating on said base until oxides of the metals in said coating mixture have been produced.

Claim 8

The method of producing an electrode on a chlorine-resistant metal base from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum having a semi-conductor coating thereon, which comprises applying a coating mixture in liquid form to said base, which coating mixture on heating forms (a) a platinum group metal oxide, (b) a metal oxide from the group consisting of titanium or tantalum and (c) a doping oxide from the group consisting of silver, tin, chromium, lanthanum, aluminum, cobalt, antimony, molybdenum, nickel, iron, tungsten, vanadium, phosphorus, boron, beryllium, sodium, calcium, strontium, lead, copper and bismuth, and mixtures thereof, the percentage of doping oxide in said coating being between 0.10 and 50% of the metal oxide from the group consisting of titanium oxide and tantalum oxide and the ratio of platinum group metals to the non-precious metals in said coatings being between 20:100 and 85:100, all said percentages being based upon the metal in said oxides; applying said coating mixture on said base and heating the coating on said base until oxides of the metals in said coating mixture have been produced.

Claim 12

The method of producing an electrode comprising a chlorine-resistant metal base from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum having a semi-conductor coating thereon, which comprises applying a coating mixture in liquid form to said base, which coating mixture on heating forms (a) a platinum group metal oxide, (b) a metal oxide from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum and (c) at least one doping oxide from the group consisting of oxides of vanadium, tantalum, tin, cobalt, lanthanum and aluminum, and heating said coating mixture on said base until the oxides of said metals are produced, the percentage of doping oxide in said coating mixture being between 0.10 and 50% of the material from the group consisting of oxides of titanium and tantalum and the ratio of platinum group metals to the non-precious metals in said coating being between 20:100 and 85:100, all said percentages being based upon the metals in said oxides.

Claim 13

The method of producing an electrode comprising a chlorine-resistant metal base from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum having a semi-conductor coating thereon, which comprises applying a coating mixture in liquid form to said base, which coating mixture on heating forms (a) a platinum group metal oxide, (b) a metal oxide from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum and (c) at least one doping oxide from the group consisting of oxides of vanadium, tantalum, tin, cobalt, lanthanum and aluminum, and heating said coating mixture on said base until the oxides of said metals are produced, the percentage of doping oxide in said coating mixture being between 0.10 and 50% of the material from the group consisting of oxides of titanium and tantalum and the ratio of platinum group metals to the non-precious metals in said coating being between 20:100 and 85:100, all said percentages being based upon the metals in said oxides.

Claim 14

The method of producing an electrode comprising a chlorine-resistant metal base from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum having a semi-conductor coating thereon, which comprises applying a coating mixture in liquid form to said base, which coating mixture on heating forms (a) ruthenium oxide, (b) titanium dioxide and (c) at least one doping oxide from the group consisting of oxides of tantalum, tin, lanthanum, cobalt, vanadium, aluminum, nickel and iron, and heating said coating mixture on said base until the oxides of said metals are produced.

Claim 15

The method of producing an electrode comprising a chlorine-resistant metal base from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum having a semi-conductor coating thereon, which comprises applying a coating mixture in liquid form to said base, which coating mixture on heating forms (a) ruthenium oxide, (b) titanium dioxide and (c) at least one doping oxide from the group consisting of oxides of tantalum, tin, lanthanum, cobalt, vanadium, aluminum, nickel and iron, and heating said coating mixture on said base until the oxides of said metals are produced.

Claim 16

The method of producing an electrode on a chlorine-resistant metal base from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum, which comprises applying a thermally-reducible coating mixture in liquid form to said base which, on heating, forms an oxide of a platinum group metal, and an oxide of titanium, the ratio of platinum group metals to the non-precious metals in said mixture being between 20:100 and 85:100, said percentages being based upon the metals in said oxides, converting the titanium in said mixture into a pertitanate before application of the coating to said base and heating the coating on the chlorine-resistant metal base until oxides of the metals in said coating mixture have been produced.

Claim 17

The method of producing an electrode on a chlorine-resistant metal base from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum, which comprises applying a thermally-reducible coating mixture in liquid form to said base which, on heating, forms an oxide of a platinum group metal, and an oxide of titanium, the ratio of platinum group metals to the non-precious metals in said mixture being between 20:100 and 85:100, said percentages being based upon the metals in said oxides, converting the titanium in said mixture into a pertitanate before application of the coating to said base and heating the coating on the chlorine-resistant metal base until oxides of the metals in said coating mixture have been produced.

Claim 19

The method of producing a semi-conductor face on an electrode support comprising a chlorine-resistant metal base, which comprises applying a thermally reducible coating mixture in liquid form to said electrode support which on heating forms a mixture of an oxide of a platinum group metal, oxides from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum and at least one doping oxide from the group consisting of silver, tin, chromium, lanthanum, aluminum, cobalt, antimony, molybdenum, nickel, iron, tungsten, vanadium, phosphorus, boron, beryllium, sodium, calcium, strontium, lead, copper and bismuth, and mixtures thereof, the percentage of doping oxide being between 0.10 and 50% of the material from the group consisting of oxides of titanium and tantalum and the ratio of platinum group metals to the non-precious metals in said coating being between 20:100 and 85:100, all said percentages being based upon the metals in said oxides; applying said coating mixture and heating the coating on the support until oxides of the metals in said coating mixture have been produced.

Claim 20

The method of producing a semi-conductor face on an electrode support comprising a chlorine-resistant metal base, which comprises applying a thermally reducible coating mixture in liquid form to said electrode support which on heating forms a mixture of an oxide of a platinum group metal, oxides from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum and at least one doping oxide from the group consisting of silver, tin, chromium, lanthanum, aluminum, cobalt, antimony, molybdenum, nickel, iron, tungsten, vanadium, phosphorus, boron, beryllium, sodium, calcium, strontium, lead, copper and bismuth, and mixtures thereof, the percentage of doping oxide being between 0.10 and 50% of the material from the group consisting of oxides of titanium and tantalum and the ratio of platinum group metals to the non-precious metals in said coating being between 20:100 and 85:100, all said percentages being based upon the metals in said oxides; applying said coating mixture and heating the coating on the support until oxides of the metals in said coating mixture have been produced.

Claim 24

The method of increasing the non-stoichiometry of platinum group metal oxides and valve metal oxides from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum on a chlorine-resistant metal base from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum, which comprises applying a coating mixture in liquid form to said base which on heating forms a mixture of an oxide of a platinum group metal, oxides from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum and at least one other oxide from the group consisting of silver, tin, chromium, lanthanum, cobalt, antimony, molybdenum, nickel, iron, tungsten, vanadium, phosphorus, boron, beryllium, sodium, calcium, strontium, lead, copper and bismuth, and mixtures thereof, the percentage of said other oxide in said coating mixture being between 0.10 and 50% of the material from the group consisting of oxides of titanium and tantalum and the ratio of platinum group metals to the non-precious metals in said coating being between 20:100 and 85:100, all said percentages being based upon the metals in said oxides, applying said coating mixture and heating the coating on the chlorine-resistant metal base until oxides of the metals in said coating mixture have been produced.

Claim 25

The method of increasing the non-stoichiometry of platinum group metal oxides and valve metal oxides from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum on a chlorine-resistant metal base from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum, which comprises applying a coating mixture in liquid form to said base which on heating forms a mixture of an oxide of a platinum group metal, oxides from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum and at least one other oxide from the group consisting of silver, tin, chromium, lanthanum, cobalt, antimony, molybdenum, nickel, iron, tungsten, vanadium, phosphorus, boron, beryllium, sodium, calcium, strontium, lead, copper and bismuth, and mixtures thereof, the percentage of said other oxide in said coating mixture being between 0.10 and 50% of the material from the group consisting of oxides of titanium and tantalum and the ratio of platinum group metals to the non-precious metals in said coating being between 20:100 and 85:100, all said percentages being based upon the metals in said oxides, applying said coating mixture and heating the coating on the chlorine-resistant metal base until oxides of the metals in said coating mixture have been produced.

Claim 27

The method of increasing the non-stoichiometry of electrocatalysts from the group consisting of platinum group metal oxides and valve metal oxides from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum, which comprises forming a liquid mixture which on heating forms a mixture of an oxide of a platinum group metal, oxides from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum and at least one other oxide from the group consisting of silver, tin, chromium, lanthanum, cobalt, antimony, molybdenum, nickel, iron, tungsten, vanadium, phosphorus, boron, beryllium, sodium, calcium, strontium, lead, copper and bismuth, and mixtures thereof, the percentage of said other oxide in said coating mixture being between 0.10 and 50% of the material from the group consisting of oxides of titanium and tantalum and the ratio of platinum group metals to the non-precious metals in said coating being between 20:100 and 85:100, all said percentages being based upon the metals in said oxides, and heating said mixture in an oxidizing atmosphere until oxides of the metals in said mixture have been produced.

Claim 28

The method of increasing the non-stoichiometry of electrocatalysts from the group consisting of platinum group metal oxides and valve metal oxides from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum, which comprises forming a liquid mixture which on heating forms a mixture of an oxide of a platinum group metal, oxides from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum and at least one other oxide from the group consisting of silver, tin, chromium, lanthanum, cobalt, antimony, molybdenum, nickel, iron, tungsten, vanadium, phosphorus, boron, beryllium, sodium, calcium, strontium, lead, copper and bismuth, and mixtures thereof, the percentage of said other oxide in said coating mixture being between 0.10 and 50% of the material from the group consisting of oxides of titanium and tantalum and the ratio of platinum group metals to the non-precious metals in said coating being between 20:100 and 85:100, all said percentages being based upon the metals in said oxides, and heating said mixture in an oxidizing atmosphere until oxides of the metals in said mixture have been produced.