Patent US4064074A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4064074A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Methods for the manufacture and use of electrically conductive compositions and devices
Assignee: TVI ENERGY CORP
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Filing: 1976-11-12
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Granted: 1977-12-20
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Expires: 1996-11-12
Abstract
Abstract An electrically conductive composition comprises a particulate, homogeneous blend of: A. about 60% to about 98% by weight of graphite: B. about 1.5% to about 20% by weight of manganese dioxide; and C. about 0.5% to about 20% by weight of zinc oxide, based on total weight of said blend. These compositions are suitable for the manufacturing of coating compositions, heating elements and structures which are useful where radiant, conductive, or convective heating is required, and for other applications which utilize the sheet and volumetric electrical conductivity properties of the formulations made therefrom.
Inventors
- 👤 Harold Ellis
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 21:31
CPC Classifications
H; H05; H05B; H05B3/00; H05B3/10; H05B3/12; H05B3/14; H05B3/145; H01; H01B; H01B1/00; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T29/00; Y10T29/49; Y10T29/49002; Y10T29/49082; Y10T29/49083
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 41
Claim 1
Independent Claim
126 words
A process for the preparation of an electrically conductive coating composition comprising a particulate component and a vehicle, said process comprising preparing a particulate, homogeneous blend of: A. about 60 to about 98% by weight of graphite, B. about 1.5 to about 20% by weight of manganese dioxide, and C. about 0.5 to about 20% by weight of zinc oxide, each of said percentages based on the total weight of said blend; and mixing said blend with an organic or inorganic vehicle which does not dissolve said particulate blend, to thereby form a homogeneous composition suitable for application to a substrate and capable of being adhered thereto, and which when cured thereon forms an infrared radiating coating when an electric current is passed through said coating.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
126 words
A process for the preparation of an electrically conductive coating composition comprising a particulate component and a vehicle, said process comprising preparing a particulate, homogeneous blend of: A. about 60 to about 98% by weight of graphite, B. about 1.5 to about 20% by weight of manganese dioxide, and C. about 0.5 to about 20% by weight of zinc oxide, each of said percentages based on the total weight of said blend; and mixing said blend with an organic or inorganic vehicle which does not dissolve said particulate blend, to thereby form a homogeneous composition suitable for application to a substrate and capable of being adhered thereto, and which when cured thereon forms an infrared radiating coating when an electric current is passed through said coating.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
22 words
Process according to claim 1 in which the vehicle is comprised of a binder or binder and a solvent for the binder.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
67 words
Process according to claim 2 wherein the binder is substance selected from the group consisting of: acrylics, alkyds, cellulosics, epoxies, fluoroplastics, ionomers, nylons, phenolics, polyamides, polyimides, polybutadienes, polyesters, polypropylenes, polyurethanes, silicones, natural resins and rubbers, stryrene-butadienes, nitrile rubbers, polysulfide rubbers, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohols, silicates, polysilicates, hydraulic-setting Portland cements, sodium aluminates, gypsum, glass and glass frit compositions; ceramic and refractory compositions; and minerals, bentonites and mixtures thereof.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
24 words
Process according to claim 3 wherein the amount of (A) is about 92.6%, (B) is about 6.2% and (C) is about 1.2% by weight.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
23 words
Process according to claim 3 wherein (A) consists of crystallites having a particle size of from about 250 microns to about 1 micron.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
23 words
Process according to claim 3 wherein (A) consists of crystallites having a particle size of from about 75 microns to about 2 microns.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
32 words
Process according to claim 3 wherein (A) consists of about 69.4% crystallites having a particle size of about 75 microns and about 23.2% crystallites having a particle size of about 2 microns.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
23 words
Process according to claim 4 wherein about 0.05 to about 5% by weight AgCl, based on total weight of particulate material, is added.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
25 words
Process according to claim 4 wherein about 0.05 to about 5% by weight SnCl 4 , based on total weight of particulate material, is added.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
111 words
A process for the preparation of an electrically conductive coating composition, said process comprising preparing a particulate, homogeneous blend of: A. about 60 to about 98% by weight of graphite, B. about 1.5 to about 20% by weight of manganese dioxide, and C. about 0.5 to about 20% by weight of zinc oxide, each of said percentages based on the total weight of said blend; and mixing said blend with a solid, particulate binder, to thereby form a homogeneous composition suitable for application to a substrate and capable of being adhered thereto, and which when cured thereon forms an infrared radiating coating when an electric current is passed through said coating.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
111 words
A process for the preparation of an electrically conductive coating composition, said process comprising preparing a particulate, homogeneous blend of: A. about 60 to about 98% by weight of graphite, B. about 1.5 to about 20% by weight of manganese dioxide, and C. about 0.5 to about 20% by weight of zinc oxide, each of said percentages based on the total weight of said blend; and mixing said blend with a solid, particulate binder, to thereby form a homogeneous composition suitable for application to a substrate and capable of being adhered thereto, and which when cured thereon forms an infrared radiating coating when an electric current is passed through said coating.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
24 words
Process according to claim 10 wherein the amount of (A) is about 92.6%, (B) is about 6.2% and (C) is about 1.2% by weight.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
23 words
Process according to claim 10 wherein (A) consists of crystallites having a particle size of from about 250 microns to about 1 micron.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
23 words
Process according to claim 10 wherein (A) consists of crystallites having a particle size of from about 75 microns to about 2 microns.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
32 words
Process according to claim 10 wherein (A) consists of about 69.4% crystallites having a particle size of about 75 microns and about 23.2% crystallites having a particle size of about 2 microns.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
23 words
Process according to claim 11 wherein about 0.05 to about 5% by weight AgCl, based on total weight of particulate material, is added.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
25 words
Process according to claim 11 wherein about 0.05 to about 5% by weight SnCl 4 , based on total weight of particulate material, is added.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
132 words
A process for the preparation of an electrically conductive coating composition, said process comprising preparing a particulate, homogeneous blend of: A. about 60 to about 98% by weight of graphite, B. about 1.5 to about 20% by weight of manganese dioxide, and C. about 0.5 to about 20% by weight of zinc oxide, each of said percentages based on the total weight of said blend; and mixing said blend with a vehicle comprising a binder capable of forming a film, wherein said vehicle does not dissolve said particulate blend, said binder being a silicone resin, to thereby form a homogeneous composition suitable for application to a substrate and capable of being adhered thereto, and which when cured thereon forms an infrared radiating coating when an electric current is passed through said coating.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
132 words
A process for the preparation of an electrically conductive coating composition, said process comprising preparing a particulate, homogeneous blend of: A. about 60 to about 98% by weight of graphite, B. about 1.5 to about 20% by weight of manganese dioxide, and C. about 0.5 to about 20% by weight of zinc oxide, each of said percentages based on the total weight of said blend; and mixing said blend with a vehicle comprising a binder capable of forming a film, wherein said vehicle does not dissolve said particulate blend, said binder being a silicone resin, to thereby form a homogeneous composition suitable for application to a substrate and capable of being adhered thereto, and which when cured thereon forms an infrared radiating coating when an electric current is passed through said coating.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
117 words
Process of heating a solid, liquid, gas or combinations thereof by conduction, convection, radiation or combinations of these means, said process comprising applying an electrical potential between at least 2 electrodes contained in a device comprising a dielectric substrate having thereon a layer of substantially uniform thickness and said at least two electrodes in contact with said layer, said layer comprising an electrically conductive composition comprised of a particulate, homogeneous blend of: A. about 60 to about 98% by weight of graphite, B. about 1.5 to about 20% by weight of manganese dioxide, and C. about 0.5 to about 20% by weight of zinc oxide, each of said percentages based on the total weight of said blend.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
117 words
Process of heating a solid, liquid, gas or combinations thereof by conduction, convection, radiation or combinations of these means, said process comprising applying an electrical potential between at least 2 electrodes contained in a device comprising a dielectric substrate having thereon a layer of substantially uniform thickness and said at least two electrodes in contact with said layer, said layer comprising an electrically conductive composition comprised of a particulate, homogeneous blend of: A. about 60 to about 98% by weight of graphite, B. about 1.5 to about 20% by weight of manganese dioxide, and C. about 0.5 to about 20% by weight of zinc oxide, each of said percentages based on the total weight of said blend.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
22 words
Process according to claim 18 wherein the amount of (A) is about 92.6%, (B) about 6.2% and (C) about 1.2% by weight.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
23 words
Process according to claim 18 wherein (A) consists of crystallites having a particle size of from about 250 microns to about 1 micron.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
23 words
Process according to claim 19 wherein (A) consists of crystallites having a particle size of from about 75 microns to about 2 microns.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
36 words
Process according to claim 18 wherein (A) consists of about 69.4% by weight crystallites having a particle size of about 75 microns and about 23.2% by weight crystallites having a particle size of about 2 microns.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
27 words
Process according to claim 19 wherein about 0.05 to about 5% by weight AgCl, based on the total weight of particulate material, is added to said composition.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
27 words
Process according to claim 19 wherein about 0.05 to about 5% by weight SnCl, based on the total weight of particulate material, is added to said composition.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
16 words
Process according to claim 18 wherein said electrically conductive composition is uniformly distributed throughout a binder.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
68 words
Process according to claim 25 wherein the binder is a substance selected from the group consisting of: acrylics, alkyls, cellulosics, epoxies, fluoroplastics, ionomers, nylons, phenolics, polyamides, polyimides, polybutadienes, polyesters, polypropylenes, polyurethanes, silicones, natural resins and rubbers, styrene-butadienes, nitrile rubbers, polysulfide rubbers, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohols, silicates, polysilicates, hydraulic-setting Portland cements, sodium aluminates, gypsum, glass and glass frit compositions; ceramic and refractory compositions; and minerals, bentonites and mixtures thereof.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
12 words
Process according to claim 25 wherein said binder is a silicone resin.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
14 words
Process according to claim 18 having a waterproof, electrically insulating topcoat over said layer.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
18 words
Process according to claim 18 having a high dielectric, non-conductive base coat between said substrate and said layer.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
96 words
Process for manufacturing a heating device, said process comprising providing a dielectric substrate with an infrared radiating layer of uniform thickness, said layer comprising a coating composition comprised of: A. about 60 to about 98% by weight of graphite, B. about 1.5 to about 20% by weight of manganese dioxide, and C. about 0.5 to about 20% by weight of zinc oxide, each of said percentages based on the total weight of said blend; and an organic or inorganic vehicle which does not dissolve said particulate blend; and evaporating any volatile components present in said vehicle.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
96 words
Process for manufacturing a heating device, said process comprising providing a dielectric substrate with an infrared radiating layer of uniform thickness, said layer comprising a coating composition comprised of: A. about 60 to about 98% by weight of graphite, B. about 1.5 to about 20% by weight of manganese dioxide, and C. about 0.5 to about 20% by weight of zinc oxide, each of said percentages based on the total weight of said blend; and an organic or inorganic vehicle which does not dissolve said particulate blend; and evaporating any volatile components present in said vehicle.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
113 words
Process for signalling, information transmission and status reporting comprising applying an electrical potential between at least two electrodes contained in a device comprising a dielectric substrate having thereon a layer of substantially uniform thickness and said at least two electrodes in contact with said layer, said layer comprising an electrically conductive composition comprised of a particulate, homogeneous blend of: A. about 60 to about 98% by weight of graphite, B. about 1.5 to about 20% by weight of manganese dioxide, and C. about 0.5 to about 20% by weight of zinc oxide, each of said percentages based on the total weight of said blend; to thereby generate infrared radiation; and sensing said radiation.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
113 words
Process for signalling, information transmission and status reporting comprising applying an electrical potential between at least two electrodes contained in a device comprising a dielectric substrate having thereon a layer of substantially uniform thickness and said at least two electrodes in contact with said layer, said layer comprising an electrically conductive composition comprised of a particulate, homogeneous blend of: A. about 60 to about 98% by weight of graphite, B. about 1.5 to about 20% by weight of manganese dioxide, and C. about 0.5 to about 20% by weight of zinc oxide, each of said percentages based on the total weight of said blend; to thereby generate infrared radiation; and sensing said radiation.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
17 words
Process according to claim 31 in which said radiation, after sensing, is converted to an electrical signal.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
18 words
Process according to claim 31 in which said signal activates, deactivates or controls an electrical or mechanical device.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
108 words
Process for transmitting an electrical current and providing electrical continuity, said process comprising applying an electrical potential between at least two electrodes contained in a device comprising a dielectric substrate having thereon a layer of substantially uniform thickness and said at least two electrodes in contact with said layer, said layer comprising an electrically conductive composition comprised of a particulate, homogeneous blend of: A. about 60 to about 98% by weight of graphite, B. about 1.5 to about 20% by weight of manganese dioxide, and C. about 0.5 to about 20% by weight of zinc oxide, each of said percentages based on the total weight of said blend.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
108 words
Process for transmitting an electrical current and providing electrical continuity, said process comprising applying an electrical potential between at least two electrodes contained in a device comprising a dielectric substrate having thereon a layer of substantially uniform thickness and said at least two electrodes in contact with said layer, said layer comprising an electrically conductive composition comprised of a particulate, homogeneous blend of: A. about 60 to about 98% by weight of graphite, B. about 1.5 to about 20% by weight of manganese dioxide, and C. about 0.5 to about 20% by weight of zinc oxide, each of said percentages based on the total weight of said blend.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1980-12-19 | 1981-06-20 | 1981-12-20 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1984-12-19 | 1985-06-20 | 1985-12-20 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1988-12-19 | 1989-06-20 | 1989-12-20 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |