US4061560A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Apparatus for deflection electrophoresis
Assignee: Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften eV
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Filing: 1976-02-27
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Granted: 1977-12-06
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Expires: 1996-02-27
Abstract
Abstract In a procedure for performing a continuous, free-film deflection electropesis in which a narrow stream of a sample mixture is introduced into a thin strip of a buffer solution flowing through a separating chamber while an electric field is applied transversely to the flow direction, band broadening of the sample stream fractions is reduced by providing suitably selected values for the temperature gradient in the chamber and the wall zeta. Additional improvements are achieved by constructing the buffer solution flow path in the region of sample introduction in order to increase the buffer solution velocity thereat.
Inventors
- 👤 Kurt Hannig
- 👤 Hanns Wirth
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-06 12:09
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N27/00; G01N27/26; G01N27/416; G01N27/447; G01N27/44756; G01N27/44769
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 14
Claim 1
Independent Claim
325 words
In apparatus for performing a continuous, free-film deflection electrophoresis procedure, the apparatus including: means defining a separating chamber having two spaced parallel walls delimiting opposite boundaries of a separating chamber gap, and two electrode chambers each disposed adjacent a respective opposite, lateral edge of the gap; two ion transmitting membranes each separating a respective electrode chamber from the separating chamber gap; first supply means for supplying a buffer solution to one end of the gap so that the solution flows in the form of a thin layer through the gap; second supply means disposed downstream of the first supply means for introducing into the thin buffer solution layer a spatially narrowly defined stream of a sample mixture; voltage applying means arranged to produce an electric separating field extending transversely to the direction of buffer solution flow and parallel to the two spaced walls for causing the sample stream to be divided into fractions as it traverses the length of the gap, the voltage applying means being composed of two electrodes each disposed in a respective one of the electrode chambers; and means for analyzing such fractions, the improvement wherein said apparatus comprises third supply means for introducing controlled quantities of an adjuvant fluid into the buffer solution upstream of the point of introduction of the sample mixture into the buffer solution layer, and wherein said means for analyzing comprises: a light source disposed to one side of said separating chamber gap; and a series of photodiodes disposed to the other side of said separating chamber gap and extending transversely to the direction of buffer solution flow through said gap; a shift register having a plurality of stages each operatively coupled to a respective one of said photodiodes in a manner to permit each said stage to store signals corresponding to the radiation energy impinging on the associated photodiode, and an interrogation device operatively coupled to said shift register for serially reading out such stored signals.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
325 words
In apparatus for performing a continuous, free-film deflection electrophoresis procedure, the apparatus including: means defining a separating chamber having two spaced parallel walls delimiting opposite boundaries of a separating chamber gap, and two electrode chambers each disposed adjacent a respective opposite, lateral edge of the gap; two ion transmitting membranes each separating a respective electrode chamber from the separating chamber gap; first supply means for supplying a buffer solution to one end of the gap so that the solution flows in the form of a thin layer through the gap; second supply means disposed downstream of the first supply means for introducing into the thin buffer solution layer a spatially narrowly defined stream of a sample mixture; voltage applying means arranged to produce an electric separating field extending transversely to the direction of buffer solution flow and parallel to the two spaced walls for causing the sample stream to be divided into fractions as it traverses the length of the gap, the voltage applying means being composed of two electrodes each disposed in a respective one of the electrode chambers; and means for analyzing such fractions, the improvement wherein said apparatus comprises third supply means for introducing controlled quantities of an adjuvant fluid into the buffer solution upstream of the point of introduction of the sample mixture into the buffer solution layer, and wherein said means for analyzing comprises: a light source disposed to one side of said separating chamber gap; and a series of photodiodes disposed to the other side of said separating chamber gap and extending transversely to the direction of buffer solution flow through said gap; a shift register having a plurality of stages each operatively coupled to a respective one of said photodiodes in a manner to permit each said stage to store signals corresponding to the radiation energy impinging on the associated photodiode, and an interrogation device operatively coupled to said shift register for serially reading out such stored signals.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
37 words
Apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said third supply means comprise an adjuvant fluid reservoir and a dosaging pump connected between said reservoir and the point of introduction of adjuvant fluid to the buffer solution layer.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
30 words
Apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein said reservoir contains an electrolyte including ions of at least one element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, barium, lanthanum and thorium.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
17 words
Apparatus as defined in claim 1 further comprising means defining a liquid circuit containing said electrode chambers.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
17 words
Apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said membranes extend substantially parallel to said separating chamber walls.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
50 words
Apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said membranes are disposed substantially in the plane of one of said separating chamber walls such that one side of each said membrane is adjacent said separating chamber gap and the other side of each said membrane is adjacent its respective electrode chamber.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
74 words
Apparatus as defined in claim 6 further comprising two sealing strips each sealing a respective membrane at the edge thereof directed away from said separating chamber gap, against the other of said separating chamber walls, and spacer means interposed between the other edge of each said membrane and said other separating chamber wall, said spacer means being formed to permit passage of liquid between said separating chamber gap and the region adjacent said membranes.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
291 words
In apparatus for performing a continuous, free-film deflection electrophoresis procedure, the apparatus including: means defining a separating chamber having two spaced parallel walls delimiting opposite boundaries of a separating chamber gap, and two electrode chambers each disposed adjacent a respective opposite, lateral edge of the gap; two ion transmitting membranes each separating a respective electrode chamber from the separating chamber gap; first supply means for supplying a buffer solution to one end of the gap so that the solution flows in the form of a thin layer through the gap; second supply means disposed downstream of the first supply means for introducing into the thin buffer solution layer a spatially narrowly defined stream of a sample mixture; voltage applying means arranged to produce an electric separating field extending transversely to the direction of buffer solution flow and parallel to the two spaced walls for causing the sample mixture stream to be divided into fractions as it traverses the length of the gap, the voltage applying means being composed of two electrodes each disposed in a respective one of the electrode chambers; and means for analyzing such fractions, the improvement wherein said means for analyzing comprises: a light source disposed to one side of said separating chamber gap; and a series of photodiodes disposed to the other side of said separating chamber gap and extending transversely to the direction of buffer solution flow through said gap; a shift register having a plurality of stages each operatively coupled to a respective one of said photodiodes in a manner to permit each said stage to store signals corresponding to the radiation energy impinging on the associated photodiode, and an interrogation device operatively coupled to said shift register for serially reading out such stored signals.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
291 words
In apparatus for performing a continuous, free-film deflection electrophoresis procedure, the apparatus including: means defining a separating chamber having two spaced parallel walls delimiting opposite boundaries of a separating chamber gap, and two electrode chambers each disposed adjacent a respective opposite, lateral edge of the gap; two ion transmitting membranes each separating a respective electrode chamber from the separating chamber gap; first supply means for supplying a buffer solution to one end of the gap so that the solution flows in the form of a thin layer through the gap; second supply means disposed downstream of the first supply means for introducing into the thin buffer solution layer a spatially narrowly defined stream of a sample mixture; voltage applying means arranged to produce an electric separating field extending transversely to the direction of buffer solution flow and parallel to the two spaced walls for causing the sample mixture stream to be divided into fractions as it traverses the length of the gap, the voltage applying means being composed of two electrodes each disposed in a respective one of the electrode chambers; and means for analyzing such fractions, the improvement wherein said means for analyzing comprises: a light source disposed to one side of said separating chamber gap; and a series of photodiodes disposed to the other side of said separating chamber gap and extending transversely to the direction of buffer solution flow through said gap; a shift register having a plurality of stages each operatively coupled to a respective one of said photodiodes in a manner to permit each said stage to store signals corresponding to the radiation energy impinging on the associated photodiode, and an interrogation device operatively coupled to said shift register for serially reading out such stored signals.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
25 words
An arrangement as defined in claim 8 wherein said second supply means comprises a sample line which passes through one of said separating chamber walls.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
32 words
An arrangement as defined in claim 9 wherein said sample line is constituted by a small tube having an oblique outlet end and extending into the area between said separating chamber walls.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
41 words
An arrangement as defined in claim 8 further comprising fluid flow modifying means disposed in said chamber for increasing the buffer solution flow velocity in the vicinity of the location at which the sample solution is fed into the buffer solution.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
18 words
An arrangement as defined in claim 11 wherein said fluid flow modifying means comprise a fluid deflector body.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1980-12-05 | 1981-06-06 | 1981-12-06 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1984-12-05 | 1985-06-06 | 1985-12-06 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1988-12-05 | 1989-06-06 | 1989-12-06 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |