Orientation system

Claim 2

A relative azimuth indication system, comprising: an indicator including an image area optically responsive to an electric field; a first electrode assembly adjacent to the viewing side of said indicator; a second electrode assembly adjacent to the rear side of said indicator, said first and second electrode assemblies adapted to generate an electric field at selected points therebetween and through said indicator image area; and a means to rotate said indicator relative to at least one of said electrode assemblies.

Claim 3

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 1, wherein said means to rotate said indicator comprises: a means responsive to the earths magnetic field and adapted to rotate said indicator in accordance with relative magnetic heading.

Claim 4

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 1 wherein said means to rotate said indicator comprises: a selsyn receiver including a drive shaft adapted to support said indicator; a selsyn transmitter electrically coupled to said selsyn receiver; and a means responsive to the earths magnetic field and adapted to rotate said selsyn transmitter in response thereto.

Claim 5

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 3, wherein said means responsive to the earths magnetic field is a gyroscopically stabilized flux gate magnetic sensor.

Claim 6

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 3, wherein said means responsive to the earths magnetic field is a gyrosyn compass.

Claim 7

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 1, wherein said means to rotate said indicator comprises a gyro compass.

Claim 8

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 1, wherein said means to rotate said indicator comprises: a gyroscope; a means to support said gyroscope in a plane essentially parallel to a plane tangent to the surface of the earth and permit 360° of rotation about an axis perpendicular to said plane; and coupling means adapted to rotate said indicator as a function of the relative rotation between said gyroscope and said support means about said perpendicular axis.

Claim 9

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 1, wherein said indicator comprises: a front and a back plate adapted to form a hollow disc; and an optically responsive medium contained in said hollow disc.

Claim 10

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 8, wherein said optically responsive medium comprises a nematic liquid crystal.

Claim 11

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 8, wherein said optically responsive medium comprises a cholesteric liquid crystal.

Claim 12

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 8, wherein said optically responsive medium comprises: a nematic liquid crystal; and a cholesteric liquid crystal.

Claim 13

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 11, wherein said nematic and cholestric liquid crystals are provided in a ratio which will provide an image retention within a range from 30 seconds to 2 minutes.

Claim 14

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 8, wherein said optically responsive medium comprises: at least one nematic liquid crystal compound of the formula X CH═N Y wherein X and Y are selected from the group consisting of alkoxy radicals and acyloxy radicals, said alkoxy radicals having from one to nine carbon atoms and said acyloxy radicals having from two to five carbon atoms, with the proviso that X and Y are different, and when said acyloxy radical has only two carbon atoms, said alkoxy radical has at least three carbon atoms with at least one member of the group consisting of cholesterol derivatives.

Claim 15

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 1, wherein said first electrode assembly comprises: a transparent conductive member dimensioned to encompass the image area of said indicator.

Claim 16

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 14, wherein said transparent conductive member is affixed to the surface of said indicator.

Claim 17

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 15 further including a conductive brush adapted to provide electrical connection to said transparent conductive member.

Claim 18

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 1, wherein said first electrode assembly comprises: a transparent dielectric substrate positioned adjacent to and in front of said indicator; and a transparent electrode mounted on said substrate.

Claim 19

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 17, wherein said transparent electrode comprises a plurality of parallel conductors electrically isolated from each other.

Claim 20

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 17, wherein said transparent electrode comprises a plurality of concentric conductors forming circles of increasing diameter starting from a point essentially at the center of said image area and electrically isolated from each other.

Claim 21

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 17, wherein said transparent electrode comprises a plurality of electrically isolated conductors equally spaced and radiating outward from the center of the image area of said indicator.

Claim 22

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 1, wherein said first electrode assembly comprises: an insulated transparent conductive member dimensioned to encompass the image area of said indicator; a transparent dielectric substrate positioned adjacent to and in front of said indicator; and a transparent electrode mounted on said substrate.

Claim 23

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 21, wherein said transparent electrode comprises a plurality of parallel conductors electrically isolated from each other.

Claim 24

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 21, wherein said transparent electrode comprises a plurality of concentric conductors forming circles of increasing diameter starting from a point essentially at the center of said image area and electrically isolated from each other.

Claim 25

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 21, wherein said transparent electrode comprises a plurality of electrically isolated conductors equally spaced and radiating outward from the center of the image area of said indicator.

Claim 26

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 1, wherein said second electrode assembly comprises: a dielectric substrate; and a plurality of electrodes electrically isolated from each other supported by and passing through said dielectric substrate to present a plurality of point source electrodes essentially blanketing said image area of said indicator.

Claim 27

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 1, wherein said second electrode assembly comprises: a dielectric substrate; and a plurality of paralleled equally spaced conductors supported by said substrate and electrically isolated from each other.

Claim 28

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 1, wherein said second electrode assembly comprises: a dielectric substrate; and a plurality of equally spaced conductors supported by said substrate, electrically isolated from each other and radiating from the center of said image area.

Claim 29

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 1, wherein said second electrode assembly comprises: a dielectric substrate; and a plurality of concentric conductors supported by said substrate, electrically isolated from each other and forming circles of increasing diameter starting from a point essentially at the center of said image area.

Claim 30

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 1, wherein said second electrode assembly comprises: an insulated conductive member dimensioned to encompass the image area of said indicator; a dielectric substrate supporting said insulated conductive member; and a plurality of electrodes electrically isolated from each other supported by and passing through said dielectric substrate to present a plurality of point source electrodes essentially blanketing said image area of said indicator.

Claim 31

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 1, wherein said second electrode assembly comprises: an insulated conductive member dimensioned to encompass the image area of said indicator; a dielectric substrate supporting said insulated conductive member; and a plurality of equally spaced parallel conductors supported by said substrate and electrically isolated from each other.

Claim 32

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 1, wherein said second electrode assembly comprises: an insulated conductive member dimensioned to encompass the image area of said indicator; a dielectric substrate supporting said insulated conductive member; and a plurality of concentric conductors supported by said substrate, electrically isolated from each other and forming circles of increasing diameter starting from a point essentially at the center of said image area.

Claim 33

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 1, wherein said second electrode assembly comprises: an insulated conductive member dimensioned to encompass the image area of said indicator; a dielectric substrate supporting said insulated conductive member; and a plurality of electrically isolated conductors equally spaced and radiating outward from the center of the image area of said indicator supported by said dielectric substrate.

Claim 34

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 1, wherein said second electrode assembly comprises: a first insulated conductive means dimensioned to encompass the image area of said indicator; a second insulated conductive means; and a dielectric support member adapted to support said first and second insulated conductive means.

Claim 35

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 29, wherein said plurality of electrodes are positioned between said insulated conductive member and said indicator.

Claim 36

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 30, wherein said plurality of conductors are positioned between said insulated conductive member and said indicator.

Claim 37

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 31, wherein said plurality of conductors are positioned between said insulated conductive member and said indicator.

Claim 38

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 32, wherein said plurality of conductors are positioned between said insulated conductive member and said indicator.

Claim 39

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 33, comprising means to selectively energize said first conductive means with an alternating current.

Claim 40

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 21, wherein said transparent electrode is positioned between said insulated transparent electrode and said indicator.

Claim 41

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 22, wherein said transparent electrode is positioned between said insulated transparent electrode and said indicator.

Claim 42

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 23, wherein said transparent electrode is positioned between said insulated transparent electrode and said indicator.

Claim 43

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 24, wherein said transparent electrode is positioned between said insulated transparent electrode and said indicator.

Claim 44

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 26, wherein said transparent electrode comprises a plurality of parallel conductors electric isolated from each other and said transparent parallel conductors intersect to form angles greater than 0 and less than 180°.

Claim 45

A relative azimuth indicator as defined in claim 8, wherein said optically responsive medium comprises: a plurality of minute, oblong particles responsive to an electric field; and a liquid medium adapted to suspend said minute, oblong particles.

Claim 46

A relative azimuth indicator as defined in claim 44, further including a means to heat said liquid medium to change its viscosity.

Claim 47

A relative azimuth indicator as defined in claim 8, wherein said optically responsive medium comprises: a suspending medium; and a plurality of minute particles rotatably carried in said medium, said particles having at least one dimension of the order of λ/2η and at least one other dimension not exceeding λ/10η, where λ is the wavelength of light and η is the index of refraction of the suspending medium.

Claim 48

A relative azimuth indicator as defined in claim 46, further including a means to heat said suspending medium to change its viscosity.

Claim 49

A relative azimuth indicator system as defined in claim 1, further comprising: a directional radio receiver; a band pass filter means responsive to signals detected by said radio receiver and adapted to pass signals representing lightning generated static signals; a first analog-to-digital converter adapted to convert said signals passed by said band pass filter into range pulses representing the distance between the origin of said lightning generated static signals and said radio receiver; a second analog-to-digital converter adapted to convert the analog azimuth data representing signals received by said directional radio receiver into azimuth pulses representing the relative bearing of the source of said signals; and means to selectively couple said range and azimuth pulses to different ones of said electrode assemblies.

Claim 50

A relative azimuth indicator system as defined in claim 48, further comprising: means to convert the analog azimuth signal output of a visual omni range navigational receiver converter to azimuth pulses representing magnetic bearing to the source of signals.

Claim 51

A relative azimuth indicator system as defined in claim 1, further comprising: a directional radio receiver; a band pass filter means responsive to signals detected by said radio receiver and adapted to pass signals representing lightning generated static signals; a first analog-to-digital converter adapted to convert said signals passed by said band pass filter into range pulses representing the distance between the origin of said lightning generated static signals and said radio receiver; a second analog-to-digital converter adapted to convert the analog azimuth data representing signals received by said directional radio receiver into azimuth pulses representing the relative bearing of the source of said signals; said first electrode assembly comprises a plurality of transparent concentric conductors forming circles of increasing diameter starting from a point essentially at the center of said image area; means to couple said range pulses to said individual first electrode concentric conductors; said second electrode assembly comprises a plurality of equally spaced conductors electrically isolated from each other and radiating outward from the center of said image area; and means to couple said azimuth pulses to said individual second electrode conductors.

Claim 52

A relative azimuth indicator system as defined in claim 50, wherein said indicator comprises: a nematic liquid crystal and a cholesteric liquid crystal.

Claim 53

A relative azimuth indicator system as defined in claim 50, wherein said indicator comprises: a suspending medium; a plurality of minute particles rotatably carried in said medium, said particles having at least one dimension of the order of λ/2η and at least one other dimension not exceeding μ/10η where λ is the wavelength of light and η is the index of refraction of the suspending medium.

Claim 54

A relative azimuth indicator system as defined in claim 51, further comprising: a source of electrical potential; said first electrode assembly further comprising an insulated transparent conductive member dimensioned to encompass the image area of said indicator; said second electrode assembly further comprising an insulated conductive member dimensioned to encompass the image area of said indicator; and means to connect said electrical potential across said transparent conductive member and said conductive member to erase any image retained on said indicator.

Claim 55

A relative azimuth indicator system as defined in claim 52, further comprising: a source of electrical potential; said first electrode assembly further comprising an insulated transparent conductive member dimensioned to encompass the image area of said indicator; said second electrode assembly further comprising an insulated conductive member dimensioned to encompass the image area of said indicator; and means to connect said electrical potential across said transparent conductive member and said conductive member to erase any image retained on said indicator.

Claim 56

A relative azimuth indicator system as defined in claim 53, further comprising: means to convert the analog azimuth signal output of a visual omni range navigational receiver converter to azimuth pulses representing magnetic bearing to the source of signals.

Claim 57

A relative azimuth indicator system as defined in claim 54, further comprising: a means to heat said liquid medium to change its viscosity.

Claim 58

A relative azimuth indication system, comprising: a front and a back plate adapted to form a hollow indicator disc defining an image area; an optically responsive medium contained in said hollow disc; a gyroscope; a means to support said gyroscope in a plane essentially parallel to a plane tangent to the surface of the earth and permit 360° of rotation about an axis perpendicular to said plane; coupling means adapted to rotate said indicator as a function of the relative rotation between said gyroscope and said support means about said perpendicular axis; a directional radio receiver; a band pass filter means responsive to signals detected by said radio receiver and adapted to pass signals representing lightning generated static signals; a first analog-to-digital converter adapted to convert said signals passed by said band pass filter into range pulses representing the distance between the origin of said lightning generated static signals and said radio receiver; a plurality of transparent, concentric conductors of increasing diameter starting from a point essentially at the center of said image area and positioned at a first side of said indicator; means to couple said range pulses to said concentric conductors; a second analog-to-digital converter adapted to convert the analog azimuth data representing signals received by said directional radio receiver into azimuth pulses representing the relative bearing of the source of said signals; a plurality of equally spaced conductors positioned on a second side of said indicator opposite said transparent concentric conductors, said equally spaced conductors electrically isolated from each other and radiating outward from the center of said image area; and means to couple said azimuth pulses to said equally spaced conductors.

Claim 59

A relative azimuth indication system, comprising: a front and a back plate adapted to form a hollow indicator disc defining an image area; an optically responsive medium contained in said hollow disc; a gyroscope; a means to support said gyroscope in a plane essentially parallel to a plane tangent to the surface of the earth and permit 360° of rotation about an axis perpendicular to said plane; coupling means adapted to rotate said indicator as a function of the relative rotation between said gyroscope and said support means about said perpendicular axis; a directional radio receiver; a band pass filter means responsive to signals detected by said radio receiver and adapted to pass signals representing lightning generated static signals; a first analog-to-digital converter adapted to convert said signals passed by said band pass filter into range pulses representing the distance between the origin of said lightning generated static signals and said radio receiver; a plurality of transparent, concentric conductors of increasing diameter starting from a point essentially at the center of said image area and positioned at a first side of said indicator; means to couple said range pulses to said concentric conductors; a second analog-to-digital converter adapted to convert the analog azimuth data representing signals received by said directional radio receiver into azimuth pulses representing the relative bearing of the source of said signals; a plurality of equally spaced conductors positioned on a second side of said indicator opposite said transparent concentric conductors, said equally spaced conductors electrically isolated from each other and radiating outward from the center of said image area; and means to couple said azimuth pulses to said equally spaced conductors.

Claim 60

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 57, further comprising: a first means to convert the analog azimuth signal output of a visual omni range navigational receiver converter to azimuth pulses representing magnetic bearing to the source of signals.

Claim 61

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 58, further comprising: a second means to convert the analog azimuth signal output of a second visual omni range navigational receiver converter to azimuth pulses representing magnetic bearing to the source of signals.

Claim 62

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 59, further comprising: an insulated transparent conductive member dimensioned to encompass said image area positioned adjacent to said indicator so that said transparent concentric conductors are therebetween; an insulated conductive member dimensioned to encompass the image area of said indicator positioned adjacent to said indicator so that said equally spaced conductors are located therebetween; a source of electrical potential; and means to connect said electrical potential across said transparent conductive member and said conductive member to erase any image retained on said indicator.

Claim 63

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 60, wherein said optically responsive medium comprises: a nematic liquid crystal; and a cholesteric liquid crystal.

Claim 64

A relative azimuth indication system as defined in claim 60, wherein said optically responsive medium comprises: a suspending medium; and a plurality of minute particles rotatably carried in said medium, said particles having at least one dimension of the order of λ/2η and at least one other dimension not exceeding λ/10η, where λ is the wavelength of light and η is the index of refraction of the suspending medium.