Patent US4045884A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4045884A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Teaching device for the correction of reading, spelling and writing learning disabilities
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1976-03-18
•
Granted: 1977-09-06
•
Expires: 1996-03-18
Abstract
Abstract Serious learning disabilities that are encountered by students learning to read, write and spell include the mirror image reversal of letters, the writing of letters upside down and letter reversals in words. Corrections of these disabilities is achieved by providing a correct or standard version of the letter or word symbol, a matching element with the correct version of the letter or word symbol and indicia thereon which indicate proper orientation of the matching element for testing the match of the standard symbol with a series of test symbols aligned along a row, a majority of which are identical to the matching symbol on the matching element. The standard symbol and the test symbols that are used may be printed on a sheet or card and the matching symbol may be printed on a transparent overlay.
Inventors
- 👤 Frances Lee Zand
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 16:49
CPC Classifications
G; G09; G09B; G09B17/00; G09F; G09F23/00; G09F2023/0016
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 10
Claim 1
Independent Claim
272 words
A teaching device comprising first means with at least one standard symbol, which is representative of a letter, depicted thereon and at least three test symbols depicted on said first means for each of said standard symbols, each of said test symbols being aligned in a set with an associated standard symbol in a normal reading direction, a majority of said test symbols being identical to, and having the same orientation as, their associated standard symbols, and at least one second means with a matching symbol depicted thereon which is identical to said standard symbol and which is constructed so that said matching symbol may be overlaid selectively on said associated standard symbol or on said test symbols which are aligned with their associated standard symbol to provide a visual test of whether or not said test symbols correspond to their associated standard symbol with which they are aligned, wherein said teaching device is useful for the correction of learning disabilities involving mirror image reversals, recognition and orientation learning disabilities relating to letters, said standard symbols each comprise a standard letter, said test symbols each comprise a test letter and at least one, but not more than a minority, of said test letters are a letter that is a mirror image reversal of its associated standard letter, or a letter that is identical to the associated standard letter but is improperly oriented with respect thereto or a properly oriented letter that is similar in some respects, but is not identical, to the associated standard letter and the matching symbols each comprise a matching letter that corresponds to one of said standard letters.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
272 words
A teaching device comprising first means with at least one standard symbol, which is representative of a letter, depicted thereon and at least three test symbols depicted on said first means for each of said standard symbols, each of said test symbols being aligned in a set with an associated standard symbol in a normal reading direction, a majority of said test symbols being identical to, and having the same orientation as, their associated standard symbols, and at least one second means with a matching symbol depicted thereon which is identical to said standard symbol and which is constructed so that said matching symbol may be overlaid selectively on said associated standard symbol or on said test symbols which are aligned with their associated standard symbol to provide a visual test of whether or not said test symbols correspond to their associated standard symbol with which they are aligned, wherein said teaching device is useful for the correction of learning disabilities involving mirror image reversals, recognition and orientation learning disabilities relating to letters, said standard symbols each comprise a standard letter, said test symbols each comprise a test letter and at least one, but not more than a minority, of said test letters are a letter that is a mirror image reversal of its associated standard letter, or a letter that is identical to the associated standard letter but is improperly oriented with respect thereto or a properly oriented letter that is similar in some respects, but is not identical, to the associated standard letter and the matching symbols each comprise a matching letter that corresponds to one of said standard letters.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
24 words
A teaching device claimed in claim 1 wherein said matching symbols have orienting indicia associated therewith for achieving proper orientation of said matching symbol.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
58 words
A teaching device claimed in claim 1 wherein each of said test symbols are provided with grading indicia that allows the user thereof to provide a recorded estimation of a matching condition for each of said test symbols with the associated standard symbol prior to the testing of the match of said test symbols with said standard symbol.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
27 words
A teaching device as claimed in claim 1 wherein only one of said test symbols of each of test symbols is different from the associated standard symbol.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
231 words
A teaching device comprising first means with at least one standard symbol which is representative of a word depicted thereon and at least three test symbols depicted on said first means for each of said standard symbols, each of said test symbols being aligned in a set with an associated standard symbol in a normal reading direction, a majority of said test symbols being identical to and having the same orientation as their associated standard symbol and at least one second means with at least one matching symbol depicted thereon which is identical to said standard symbol and which is constructed so that said matching symbol may be overlaid selectively on said associated standard symbol or on said test symbols which are aligned with their associated standard symbol to provide a visual test of whether or not said test symbols correspond to their associated standard symbol with which they are aligned, wherein said teaching device is useful for the correction of learning disabilities relating to letter reversals in words, said standard symbols each comprise a standard word, said test symbols each comprise a test word and at least one, but not more than a minority, of said test words is a word which has a letter reversal with respect to its associated standard word and the matching symbols each comprise a matching word that corresponds to one of said standard words.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
231 words
A teaching device comprising first means with at least one standard symbol which is representative of a word depicted thereon and at least three test symbols depicted on said first means for each of said standard symbols, each of said test symbols being aligned in a set with an associated standard symbol in a normal reading direction, a majority of said test symbols being identical to and having the same orientation as their associated standard symbol and at least one second means with at least one matching symbol depicted thereon which is identical to said standard symbol and which is constructed so that said matching symbol may be overlaid selectively on said associated standard symbol or on said test symbols which are aligned with their associated standard symbol to provide a visual test of whether or not said test symbols correspond to their associated standard symbol with which they are aligned, wherein said teaching device is useful for the correction of learning disabilities relating to letter reversals in words, said standard symbols each comprise a standard word, said test symbols each comprise a test word and at least one, but not more than a minority, of said test words is a word which has a letter reversal with respect to its associated standard word and the matching symbols each comprise a matching word that corresponds to one of said standard words.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
24 words
A teaching device claimed in claim 5 wherein said matching symbols have orienting indicia associated therewith for achieving proper orientation of said matching symbol.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
58 words
A teaching device claimed in claim 5 wherein each of said test symbols are provided with grading indicia that allows the user thereof to provide a recorded estimation of a matching condition for each of said test symbols with the associated standard symbol prior to the testing of the match of said test symbols with said standard symbol.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
28 words
A teaching device as claimed in claim 5 wherein only one of said test symbols of each set of test symbols is different from the associated standard symbol.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US2722061A
Cited
US2361154A
Cited
US2669789A
Cited
US2723465A
Cited
US2682118A
Cited
US2725644A
Cited
US2835989A
Cited
US3571951A
Cited
US3570145A
Cited
US3813471A
Cited
US3906644A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1980-09-05 | 1981-03-07 | 1981-09-06 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1984-09-05 | 1985-03-07 | 1985-09-06 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1988-09-05 | 1989-03-07 | 1989-09-06 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |