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Educational methods and devices

Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1973-09-05
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Granted: 1977-08-30
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Expires: 1993-09-05
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Abstract

Abstract Educational system for facilitating the learning through the discovery and inductive reasoning process wherein expression means as to a set of interrelated concepts are divided into first and second groups on objects which are physically manipulatable to disclose any expression of the first group into adjacent relation to any expression of the second group, to provide a number of correct examples in which the objects physically mate and a number of incorrect examples in which they are in non-mating relationship physically, with the numbers of correct and incorrect examples being such as to enable the student to learn the interrelated concepts, without pre-instruction, and solely from the discovery and inductive reasoning process during trial and error manipulation of the objects and to facilitate the development of the discovery and inductive reasoning process itself irrespective of the subject matter of the concepts. Preferably, an introductory set of objects is supplied to the student to enable him to become involved in the mating operation of the objects after which a large number of objects are supplied to enable the student to confirm and expand upon his learning of the process. Important features relate to the configuration of the objects such that they can be readily manipulated and such that the expressions thereon, rather than the physical form of the objects, quickly becomes of primary interest to the student.

Inventors

  • 👤 Jeanette B. Marsh

Bibliographic Details

Application Number —
Jurisdiction US
Data Source google_patents
Last Synchronized 2026-10-30 03:27
CPC Classifications
G; G09; G09B; G09B1/00; G09B1/32; G09B1/36; A; A63; A63F; A63F9/00; A63F9/0001; A63F9/06; A63F9/10; A63F2009/0003; A63F2009/0004

Claims Analysis

Total Claims: 11
Claim 1
Independent Claim 408 words
In an educational system for facilitating the learning through discovery and inductive reasoning provess a plurality of sets of expression means for enabling a student to learn a plurality of applications of the discovery and inductive reasoning process as applied to the learning of a plurality of sets of interrelated concepts, the respective subject matters of said plurality of sets of interrelated concepts being substantially different and being such that a student learns that the discovery and inductive reasoning process is applicable to a variety of fields of interest from learning of its application to said plurality of subject matters, said expression means of each of said sets having a multiplicity of expressions thereof divided into first and second groups and being physically manipulatable to dispose any expression of said first group into adjacent relation to any expression of said second group, each expression of said first group being combinable with a plurality of expressions of said second group to form a plurality of different correct examples of similar expressions and to establish for the corresponding set of interrelated concepts a plurality of different correct examples of combinations of expressions and a plurality of incorrect examples of combinations of expressions,, interengagement means on said expression means of each of said sets having physical configurations and interchangability such that a physically non-mating relationship exists when each incorrect example is established and such that a physically mating relationship exists when each correct example is established so as to reward the student and so as to increase his confidence as each new correct example is established, said multiplicity of expressions on said expression means of each of said sets and the numbers of said correct and incorrect examples being sufficient to enable the student to learn said interrelated concepts solely from the discovery and inductive reasoning process during trial and error manipulation of said expression means and to facilitate learning through the discovery and inductive reasoning process itself irrespective of the subject matter of said one set of interrelated concepts, each of said sets of expression means being such as to provide at least on the order of 100 different possible complete and correct examples and being such that at least eight simultaneously visible different correct examples can be formed, said expression means including mating projection and recess means so constructed and arranged that both the existence and non-existence of said physical mating relation is readily determined tactilely without visual observation.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim 408 words
In an educational system for facilitating the learning through discovery and inductive reasoning provess a plurality of sets of expression means for enabling a student to learn a plurality of applications of the discovery and inductive reasoning process as applied to the learning of a plurality of sets of interrelated concepts, the respective subject matters of said plurality of sets of interrelated concepts being substantially different and being such that a student learns that the discovery and inductive reasoning process is applicable to a variety of fields of interest from learning of its application to said plurality of subject matters, said expression means of each of said sets having a multiplicity of expressions thereof divided into first and second groups and being physically manipulatable to dispose any expression of said first group into adjacent relation to any expression of said second group, each expression of said first group being combinable with a plurality of expressions of said second group to form a plurality of different correct examples of similar expressions and to establish for the corresponding set of interrelated concepts a plurality of different correct examples of combinations of expressions and a plurality of incorrect examples of combinations of expressions,, interengagement means on said expression means of each of said sets having physical configurations and interchangability such that a physically non-mating relationship exists when each incorrect example is established and such that a physically mating relationship exists when each correct example is established so as to reward the student and so as to increase his confidence as each new correct example is established, said multiplicity of expressions on said expression means of each of said sets and the numbers of said correct and incorrect examples being sufficient to enable the student to learn said interrelated concepts solely from the discovery and inductive reasoning process during trial and error manipulation of said expression means and to facilitate learning through the discovery and inductive reasoning process itself irrespective of the subject matter of said one set of interrelated concepts, each of said sets of expression means being such as to provide at least on the order of 100 different possible complete and correct examples and being such that at least eight simultaneously visible different correct examples can be formed, said expression means including mating projection and recess means so constructed and arranged that both the existence and non-existence of said physical mating relation is readily determined tactilely without visual observation.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim 162 words
In a system as defined in claim 1, said expression means being of generally rectangular form with a pair of said expression means being disposable in aligned relation with opposite edge portions thereof along parallel lines, said interengagement means including projection means on one side of said pair of expression means and recess means on the adjacent sides of the other of said expression means, said projection and recess means being located in spaced relation from and intermediate said opposite edge portions and being such that said pair of expression means are disposable in said aligned relation with said opposite edge portions along said parallel lines and with a minimum distance between centers thereof only when said physical mating relation exists and being such as to prevent relative slidable movement in a direction transverse to said opposite edge portions when said physical mating relation exists, whereby the existence and non-existence of said physical mating relation is readily determinable tactilely without visual observation.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim 51 words
In a system as defind in claim 2, said projections and recesses being offset from a line midway between said opposite edge portions, and said pair of expression means being mated when the directions of said offsets are the same and being non-mated when the directions of said offsets are opposite.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim 27 words
In a system as defined in claim 1, said interengagement means being such that a pair of expression means are interlocked when said physically mating relationship exists.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim 23 words
In a system as defined in claim 1, said interenegagement means including a plurality of forms each operative for establishing a mating relationship.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim 96 words
In a system as defined in claim 5, one of said forms including a projection and a mating recess, another of said forms including a projection and a mating recess, each of said projections having a narrow neck portion with the width of said neck portion of said projections of one of said forms being narrower than the neck portion of said projection of said another of said forms, and said projection of said one of said forms having a maximum width greater than the maximum width of said projection of said another of said forms.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim 52 words
In a system as defined in claim 5, one of said forms including a pair of projections and mating recesses, and another of said forms including a pair of projections and mating recesses spaced apart a distance different from the spacing of said pair of projections of said one of said forms.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim 20 words
In a system as defined in claim 7, an additional one of said forms including three projections and mating recesses.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim 86 words
In a system as define in claim 1, one of said sets of interrelated concepts being that algebraic combinations of numbers can be performed horizontally and another of said set of sets of interrelated concepts being that algebraic combinations of numbers can be performed vertically, said set of expression means comprising nubmers combinable in horizontal relation to form a plurality of correct examples of said one of said concepts and members combinable vertically to form a plurality of correct examples of said another of said concepts.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim 26 words
In a system as defined in claim 1, said expression means including opaque shielding portions arranged to obscure said mating projection and recess means from view.

References Cited (Backward Citations)

US77268A Cited
GB484259A Cited
FR831817A Cited
GB816076A Cited
US3212201A Cited
US3302310A Cited
US3333351A Cited

USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows

Annuity Stage Window Opens Payment Deadline Surcharge Period Until Estimated Fee Status
3.5 Years (Year 4) 1980-08-29 1981-02-28 1981-08-30 $2000.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8) 1984-08-29 1985-02-28 1985-08-30 $3760.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12) 1988-08-29 1989-02-28 1989-08-30 $7700.00 Window Closed / Lapsed

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